True stinging nettles, Urtica dioica, originate in North America. A close European relative, Urtica urens, goes by the common name "burning nettle." Both the introduced European variety and the native North American variety cause stinging and burning when touched and both are commonly referred to as stinging nettles. True stinging nettles grow 3 to 10 feet tall, while their European cousins grow just 1/2 to 2 feet tall when mature. Both are herbaceous perennials.
When to Remove Stinging Nettles
Native populations of stinging nettle are best left undisturbed as long as they don't get in the way, but the plants are far from endangered so feel free to take them out in areas where they are unwanted. Removing introduced stinging nettles from wild or naturalized areas helps to restore native habitats. When handling stinging nettles, wear heavy gloves, long sleeves and long pants. The sting goes away in time without treatment, but the immediate discomfort can be intense.
Removing Stinging Nettles
Stinging nettles have a perennial root system. In cold climates the stalks and foliage dies back in winter while the roots go dormant underground. In spring new growth emerges. Remove stinging nettle by digging out the roots. Cut the stalks down to the ground to make digging easier. Make sure to remove as much of the roots as possible. Small root fragments grow into new plants. Remove new plants each spring as they appear until the patch is gone.
Using Stinging Nettles
Dried or cooked nettles lose their sting. Cultivate a patch of nettles for harvest. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, stinging nettle preparations treat hay fever and allergies. You can cook stinging nettles for a healthy fresh green vegetable. Harvest nettles in spring and summer as needed for tea or cooking or dry it for later use. Plant stinging nettles in a sunny spot.