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路透社：中国将思科和苹果自政府采购清单中剔除
要点：路透社25日报道称，中国政府已经将一些全球知名技术品牌从政府采购名单中删除，其中包括苹果公司、英特尔旗下安全软件公司McAfee，以及Citrix Systems。同时又增加了上千种本土产品。获准的外国科技品牌数量下降三分之一。此前消息称，中国计划逐步替代部分外国信息技术产品以应对安全问题。
路透社对官方数据分析后称，该决定的最大受害者是美国网络设备制造商思科公司。2012年，思科共有60项产品入围中央政府采购清单；然而到了2014年末，这个数字下降为零。
政府采购更重视安全 剔除国外品牌转向国产
路透社2月25日报道称，中国政府已经将一些全球知名技术品牌从政府采购名单中删除，同时又增加了上千种本土产品。有业内人士称，此举主要出于安全因素考虑。
这一举措可能导致一系列科技公司遭受重创，根据路透社官方数据分析显示，2012年思科有60个产品位于中央政府采购中心(CGPC)的采购清单上，而截止2014年底，这一数量已经减少为零。智能手机和PC制造商苹果也受到影响，此外还有英特尔旗下的计算机安全解决方案McAfee公司和应用交付基础架构解决方案提供商思杰系统公司(Citrix System)。
思科
在两年的时间内，中央政府采购中心名单上的商品数量增加了2000多个，目前总数量将近5000个，但增加的这些商品几乎全部为本土品牌。而被批准的国外科技产品的数量下滑了1/3，不到1/2的安全相关产品得以幸存。
中央政府采购中心的一位官员称，导致这种局面的因素有许多。例如，本土产品的数量较多，国内安全技术公司比国外公司提供了更多的产品保障等。
中国政府此举正值美国国家安全局(NSA)前雇员爱德华·斯诺登(Edward Snowd)曝光了美国政府的大规模监控活动之际。据斯诺登称，NSA和美国联邦调查局(FBI)通过一个代号为“棱镜”的机密项目，直接利用9大美国顶级互联网公司的中央服务器，提取音频、视频、照片、电子邮件、文件和连接日志，以便帮助分析师追踪个人用户的动向和联系人。
“斯诺登事件已经引起了人们的重视，尤其是高层领导人，”北京对外经济贸易大学中国WTO研究院副院长屠新泉这样说道。“从某种角度说，美国政府负有一定的责任，中国的担忧也是合情合理的。”
这个CGPC采购清单细节地将产品根据品牌和类型进行分类，它是由中国财政部批准的。但这一名单并未细节透露购买的产品数量，且不与本地政府或者国有企业、军方企业进行绑定，后者运行自己的采购审批系统。中国财政部对此拒绝发表评论。
对此，思科发言人称：“我们此前曾表示过，地缘政治方面的担忧已经影响了我们在某些发展中国家的业务。”英特尔则表示，公司已经与中国和美国政府不同高层领导人进行了频繁的对话，但并未透露更多细节。苹果和思杰尚未对此发表评论。
为政府、国有银行以及私有企业提供信息安全产品的北京明朝万达科技有限公司的董事长兼总裁王志海则认为中国市场非常公平，尤其是与美国市场相比，因为世界上最大的信息与通信解决方案供应商——华为科技，就曾因美国政府提出国家安全忧虑而根本无法在美国进行商业经营。
Exclusive: China drops leading technology brands for state purchases
Wed Feb 25, 2015 8:47am EST
By Paul Carsten
BEIJING (Reuters) - China has dropped some of the world's leading technology brands from its approved state purchase lists, while approving thousands more locally made products, in what some say is a response to revelations of widespread Western cybersurveillance.
Others put the shift down to a protectionist impulse to shield China's domestic technology industry from competition.
Chief casualty is U.S. network equipment maker Cisco Systems Inc CSCO.O, which in 2012 counted 60 products on the Central Government Procurement Center's (CGPC) list, but by late 2014 had none, a Reuters analysis of official data shows.
Smartphone and PC maker Apple Inc AAPL.O has also been dropped over the period, along with Intel Corp's INTC.O security software firm McAfee and network and server software firm Citrix Systems CTXS.O.
The number of products on the list, which covers regular spending by central ministries, jumped by more than 2,000 in two years to just under 5,000, but the increase is almost entirely due to local makers.
The number of approved foreign tech brands fell by a third, while less than half of those with security-related products survived the cull.
An official at the procurement agency said there were many reasons why local makers might be preferred, including sheer weight of numbers and the fact that domestic security technology firms offered more product guarantees than overseas rivals.
China's change of tack coincided with leaks by former U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) contractor Edward Snowden in mid-2013 that exposed several global surveillance program, many of them run by the NSA with the cooperation of telecom companies and European governments.
"The Snowden incident, it's become a real concern, especially for top leaders," said Tu Xinquan, Associate Director of the China Institute of WTO Studies at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing. "In some sense the American government has some responsibility for that; (China's) concerns have some legitimacy."
Cybersecurity has been a significant irritant in U.S.-China ties, with both sides accusing the other of abuses.
U.S. tech groups wrote last month to the Chinese administration complaining about some of its new cybersecurity regulations, some of which force technology vendors to Chinese banks to hand over secret source code and adopt Chinese encryption algorithms.
The CGPC list, which details products by brand and type, is approved by China's Ministry of Finance, the CGPC official said. The list does not detail what quantity of a product has been purchased, and does not bind local government or state-owned enterprises, nor the military, which runs its own system of procurement approval.
The Ministry of Finance declined immediate comment.
"We have previously acknowledged that geopolitical concerns have impacted our business in certain emerging markets," said a Cisco spokesman.
An Intel spokesman said the company had frequent conversations at various levels of the U.S. and Chinese governments, but did not provide further details.
Apple declined to comment, and Citrix was not immediately available to comment.
SECURITY PRETEXT?
Industry insiders also see in the changing profile of the CGPC list a wider strategic goal to help Chinese tech firms get a bigger slice of China's information and communications technology market, which is tipped to grow 11.4 percent to $465.6 billion in 2015, according to tech research firm IDC.
"There's no doubt that the SOE segment of the market has been favoring the local indigenous content," said an executive at a Western technology firm who declined to be identified.
The executive said the post-Snowden security concerns were a pretext. The real objective was to nurture China's domestic tech industry and subsequently support its expansion overseas.
China also wants to move to a more consumption-based economy, which would be helped by Chinese authorities and companies buying local technology, the executive said.
Policy measures supporting the broader strategy include making foreign companies form domestic partnerships, participate in technology transfers and hand over intellectual property in the name of information security.
Wang Zhihai, president and CEO of Beijing Wondersoft, which provides information security products to government, state banks and private companies, said the market in China was fair, especially compared with the United States, where China's Huawei Technologies [HWT.UL], the world's largest networking and telecoms equipment maker, was unable to do business due to U.S. security concerns.
Local companies were also bound by the same cybersecurity laws that U.S. companies were objecting to, he added.
The danger for China, say experts, is that it could leave itself dependent on domestic technology, which remains inferior to foreign market leaders and more vulnerable to cyber attack.
Some of those benefiting from policies encouraging domestic procurement accept that Chinese companies trail foreign competitors in the security sphere.
"In China, information security compared to international levels is still very far behind; the entire understanding of it is behind," said Wondersoft's Wang.
But Wang, like China, is taking the long view.
"In 10 or more years, that's when we should be there."
(Additional reporting by Beijing Newsroom and Noel Randewich in SAN FRANCISCO; Editing by Will Waterman)
© Thomson Reuters 2015 All rights reserved.
要点：路透社25日报道称，中国政府已经将一些全球知名技术品牌从政府采购名单中删除，其中包括苹果公司、英特尔旗下安全软件公司McAfee，以及Citrix Systems。同时又增加了上千种本土产品。获准的外国科技品牌数量下降三分之一。此前消息称，中国计划逐步替代部分外国信息技术产品以应对安全问题。
路透社对官方数据分析后称，该决定的最大受害者是美国网络设备制造商思科公司。2012年，思科共有60项产品入围中央政府采购清单；然而到了2014年末，这个数字下降为零。
政府采购更重视安全 剔除国外品牌转向国产
路透社2月25日报道称，中国政府已经将一些全球知名技术品牌从政府采购名单中删除，同时又增加了上千种本土产品。有业内人士称，此举主要出于安全因素考虑。
这一举措可能导致一系列科技公司遭受重创，根据路透社官方数据分析显示，2012年思科有60个产品位于中央政府采购中心(CGPC)的采购清单上，而截止2014年底，这一数量已经减少为零。智能手机和PC制造商苹果也受到影响，此外还有英特尔旗下的计算机安全解决方案McAfee公司和应用交付基础架构解决方案提供商思杰系统公司(Citrix System)。
思科
在两年的时间内，中央政府采购中心名单上的商品数量增加了2000多个，目前总数量将近5000个，但增加的这些商品几乎全部为本土品牌。而被批准的国外科技产品的数量下滑了1/3，不到1/2的安全相关产品得以幸存。
中央政府采购中心的一位官员称，导致这种局面的因素有许多。例如，本土产品的数量较多，国内安全技术公司比国外公司提供了更多的产品保障等。
中国政府此举正值美国国家安全局(NSA)前雇员爱德华·斯诺登(Edward Snowd)曝光了美国政府的大规模监控活动之际。据斯诺登称，NSA和美国联邦调查局(FBI)通过一个代号为“棱镜”的机密项目，直接利用9大美国顶级互联网公司的中央服务器，提取音频、视频、照片、电子邮件、文件和连接日志，以便帮助分析师追踪个人用户的动向和联系人。
“斯诺登事件已经引起了人们的重视，尤其是高层领导人，”北京对外经济贸易大学中国WTO研究院副院长屠新泉这样说道。“从某种角度说，美国政府负有一定的责任，中国的担忧也是合情合理的。”
这个CGPC采购清单细节地将产品根据品牌和类型进行分类，它是由中国财政部批准的。但这一名单并未细节透露购买的产品数量，且不与本地政府或者国有企业、军方企业进行绑定，后者运行自己的采购审批系统。中国财政部对此拒绝发表评论。
对此，思科发言人称：“我们此前曾表示过，地缘政治方面的担忧已经影响了我们在某些发展中国家的业务。”英特尔则表示，公司已经与中国和美国政府不同高层领导人进行了频繁的对话，但并未透露更多细节。苹果和思杰尚未对此发表评论。
为政府、国有银行以及私有企业提供信息安全产品的北京明朝万达科技有限公司的董事长兼总裁王志海则认为中国市场非常公平，尤其是与美国市场相比，因为世界上最大的信息与通信解决方案供应商——华为科技，就曾因美国政府提出国家安全忧虑而根本无法在美国进行商业经营。
Exclusive: China drops leading technology brands for state purchases
Wed Feb 25, 2015 8:47am EST
By Paul Carsten
BEIJING (Reuters) - China has dropped some of the world's leading technology brands from its approved state purchase lists, while approving thousands more locally made products, in what some say is a response to revelations of widespread Western cybersurveillance.
Others put the shift down to a protectionist impulse to shield China's domestic technology industry from competition.
Chief casualty is U.S. network equipment maker Cisco Systems Inc CSCO.O, which in 2012 counted 60 products on the Central Government Procurement Center's (CGPC) list, but by late 2014 had none, a Reuters analysis of official data shows.
Smartphone and PC maker Apple Inc AAPL.O has also been dropped over the period, along with Intel Corp's INTC.O security software firm McAfee and network and server software firm Citrix Systems CTXS.O.
The number of products on the list, which covers regular spending by central ministries, jumped by more than 2,000 in two years to just under 5,000, but the increase is almost entirely due to local makers.
The number of approved foreign tech brands fell by a third, while less than half of those with security-related products survived the cull.
An official at the procurement agency said there were many reasons why local makers might be preferred, including sheer weight of numbers and the fact that domestic security technology firms offered more product guarantees than overseas rivals.
China's change of tack coincided with leaks by former U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) contractor Edward Snowden in mid-2013 that exposed several global surveillance program, many of them run by the NSA with the cooperation of telecom companies and European governments.
"The Snowden incident, it's become a real concern, especially for top leaders," said Tu Xinquan, Associate Director of the China Institute of WTO Studies at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing. "In some sense the American government has some responsibility for that; (China's) concerns have some legitimacy."
Cybersecurity has been a significant irritant in U.S.-China ties, with both sides accusing the other of abuses.
U.S. tech groups wrote last month to the Chinese administration complaining about some of its new cybersecurity regulations, some of which force technology vendors to Chinese banks to hand over secret source code and adopt Chinese encryption algorithms.
The CGPC list, which details products by brand and type, is approved by China's Ministry of Finance, the CGPC official said. The list does not detail what quantity of a product has been purchased, and does not bind local government or state-owned enterprises, nor the military, which runs its own system of procurement approval.
The Ministry of Finance declined immediate comment.
"We have previously acknowledged that geopolitical concerns have impacted our business in certain emerging markets," said a Cisco spokesman.
An Intel spokesman said the company had frequent conversations at various levels of the U.S. and Chinese governments, but did not provide further details.
Apple declined to comment, and Citrix was not immediately available to comment.
SECURITY PRETEXT?
Industry insiders also see in the changing profile of the CGPC list a wider strategic goal to help Chinese tech firms get a bigger slice of China's information and communications technology market, which is tipped to grow 11.4 percent to $465.6 billion in 2015, according to tech research firm IDC.
"There's no doubt that the SOE segment of the market has been favoring the local indigenous content," said an executive at a Western technology firm who declined to be identified.
The executive said the post-Snowden security concerns were a pretext. The real objective was to nurture China's domestic tech industry and subsequently support its expansion overseas.
China also wants to move to a more consumption-based economy, which would be helped by Chinese authorities and companies buying local technology, the executive said.
Policy measures supporting the broader strategy include making foreign companies form domestic partnerships, participate in technology transfers and hand over intellectual property in the name of information security.
Wang Zhihai, president and CEO of Beijing Wondersoft, which provides information security products to government, state banks and private companies, said the market in China was fair, especially compared with the United States, where China's Huawei Technologies [HWT.UL], the world's largest networking and telecoms equipment maker, was unable to do business due to U.S. security concerns.
Local companies were also bound by the same cybersecurity laws that U.S. companies were objecting to, he added.
The danger for China, say experts, is that it could leave itself dependent on domestic technology, which remains inferior to foreign market leaders and more vulnerable to cyber attack.
Some of those benefiting from policies encouraging domestic procurement accept that Chinese companies trail foreign competitors in the security sphere.
"In China, information security compared to international levels is still very far behind; the entire understanding of it is behind," said Wondersoft's Wang.
But Wang, like China, is taking the long view.
"In 10 or more years, that's when we should be there."
(Additional reporting by Beijing Newsroom and Noel Randewich in SAN FRANCISCO; Editing by Will Waterman)
© Thomson Reuters 2015 All rights reserved.
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