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年青人激进无知往往是左派的基本盘，一些老奸巨猾的假左派借机上位
- 主题发起人 Longhair
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替你找了个简单版的:
https://humanrights.ca/blog/chinese-head-tax-and-chinese-exclusion-act
The Chinese Head Tax and the Chinese Exclusion Act
Tuesday, May 30, 2017
Dr. Henry Yu. Photo: Courtesy of Dr. Henry Yu
When he was a little boy growing up in Vancouver, Dr. Henry Yu didn’t understand why his grandfather frequently took him on long walks to visit Chinatown. It was only when Dr. Yu was much older that he realized that his grandfather’s walks were connected to two discriminatory policies from Canada’s past: the Chinese head tax and the Chinese Exclusion Act.
To understand these two policies and the terrible effect they had on generations of individuals, you need to know a little about the history of Chinese immigration to Canada. In the late 1800s, there was an influx of Chinese immigration to Canada’s West. Many came to help build the Canadian Pacific Railway – the first Canadian Railway to cross the Rocky Mountains and reach the Pacific Coast – but Chinese people emigrated for many other reasons, too: working on farms, opening stores and participating in logging operations in British Columbia and elsewhere.
Loggers in British Columbia, 1900. Chinese people in Canada often worked in dangerous or low-status jobs that others did not want. Photo: Vancouver Public Library, Special Collections, photograph by Philip Timms, 78316.
Unfortunately, many white Canadians were hostile to Chinese immigration. In 1885, immediately after construction on the Canadian Pacific Railway was complete, the federal government passed the Chinese Immigration Act, which stipulated that, with almost no exceptions, every person of Chinese origin immigrating to Canada had to pay a fee of $50, called a head tax. No other group in Canadian history has ever been forced to pay a tax based solely on their country of origin. “It was an attempt to basically discriminate against the Chinese,” Dr. Yu explained. “…it was a way to alter the flow of migrants to the new Canada to be weighted towards European and in particular British migrants.”
In 1900, the head tax was raised to $100. Then, three years later, it went up to $500 per person. Between 1885 and 1923, approximately 81,000 Chinese immigrants paid the head tax, contributing millions of dollars to government coffers. One of those who paid the tax was Dr. Yu’s maternal grandfather, Yeung Sing Yew, who immigrated to Canada in 1923. Yeung was also one of the last Chinese immigrants to pay the head tax; in the same year as he arrived in the country, the Canadian government passed a new Chinese Immigration Act, which came to be known as the Chinese Exclusion Act. Under the new act, Chinese immigration to Canada was completely banned. This legislation was kept in place until 1947, and its effect on Canada’s Chinese community was devastating.
Because of the costly head tax, by 1923, Canada’s Chinese communities were largely “bachelor societies,” where men outnumbered women by a ratio of almost twenty-eight to one. Many Chinese men had come to Canada alone, hoping to save enough money to bring over their wives and families. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 destroyed those dreams. Yeung spent many years living alone in Canada.
A photo of Yeung Sing Yew, far right, and three other men. Photo: Courtesy of Dr. Henry Yu.
Even after 1947, immigration to Canada was still challenging. Until Canada’s immigration system was overhauled in 1967, few Chinese were let into the country, and usually only for family reunification purposes. In fact, Yeung first met his daughter – Dr. Yu’s mother – when she immigrated to Canada in 1965. Both of Dr. Yu’s parents worked full time, so when he was young, he spent a lot of time with his grandparents –this brings us back to the long walks to Chinatown.
It was only when Dr. Yu was older, and knew his grandfather’s whole story that he finally understood what the long walks were about: they demonstrated his grandfather’s joy at being reunited with his family. “It explains his showing me off to all those other elderly men gathered at these cafes in Chinatown,” Dr. Yu told me. He recounted how excited the old men would be, and how they would enthusiastically congratulate his grandfather: “It explains why my grandfather having me here was like an explosion of joy because the Exclusion Act basically made it impossible for many of them… to marry someone and have kids turn into grandkids. Many of them would die alone literally, growing old alone except for these other men in these cafes.”
This experience helped teach Dr. Yu that the effects of racial discrimination take a psychological toll on many generations. He remembers how, until the late 1940s, the Chinese in British Columbia were not allowed to swim in pools with whites, and were segregated in movie theatres. He told me how many Chinese immigrants lived in fear of being deported because authorities would often look for reasons to remove people from the country. Dr. Yu’s grandfather used a fake identity, called a “paper name,” to get into Canada because he did not have a legal birth certificate – something that was very common at the time – and so he worried for many years about the authorities coming for him.
A page of the head tax register where “Low Jang Yit” – the “paper name” of Dr. Yu’s grandfather, was registered. His name is fifth from the bottom. Photo: Library and Archives Canada.
“So my grandfather, you could say he lived a life that unfortunately distorted who he could be, who he was – and by the time I knew him as an elder in the community, he wasn’t the same man he was when he was young. When I learned about things like the head tax…. It explained things about my grandfather that I already felt and knew. It’s kind of interesting that you can feel something’s wrong and not know why until later. You kind of don’t know the words, and then you finally find a name for your pain. You say “Oh now I get it. Now I understand.””
Chinese Canadians did call for acknowledgment of the human rights violations they experienced due to the head tax and Chinese Exclusion Act. In 1983, Dak Leon Mark and Shack Yee requested that the Canadian government refund the $500 head tax they had each paid. In the years that followed, some 4,000 Chinese Canadians came forward seeking redress. Some Chinese Canadians also pursued justice through the court of law. Redress finally came in June 2006, when Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized in the House of Commons. That same year, $20,000 in redress was offered by the Government of Canada to all surviving individuals who had paid the head tax. The government also allocated $24 million for a community historical recognition program and $10 million for a national historical recognition Program meant to educate Canadians on the impacts of the head tax and the racism experienced by many different groups in Canada.
Thomas Soon, 97 (left) and Charlie Quon, 99, holding the first head tax redress payments from the Government of Canada. Photo: The Canadian Press, photograph by Lyle Stafford.
Dr. Henry Yu is now a professor of History at the University of British Columbia. He has played a key role in the Chinese Head Tax Digitization Project, which created a searchable database of Chinese Canadian immigrants who paid the head tax. The database allows individuals to search for family members, and it allows researchers access to important demographic information. For Dr. Yu, it also serves as a connection to his grandfather and to all those who have passed away, ensuring they and their stories are never forgotten:
“You could say that in this research, this database, I can find ways to hear from him and all those other men who are otherwise silent. And so that’s where, in a way, we were able to find a voice and let it say things that perhaps they couldn’t at the time.”
The story of the Chinese Head Tax and Exclusion Act and the struggle for redress can be found in the Museum’s Canadian Journeys gallery. This blog was written in part using research conducted by Mallory Richard, who worked at the Museum as both a researcher and a project coordinator.
替你找了个简单版的:
https://humanrights.ca/blog/chinese-head-tax-and-chinese-exclusion-act
The Chinese Head Tax and the Chinese Exclusion Act
Tuesday, May 30, 2017
Dr. Henry Yu. Photo: Courtesy of Dr. Henry Yu
When he was a little boy growing up in Vancouver, Dr. Henry Yu didn’t understand why his grandfather frequently took him on long walks to visit Chinatown. It was only when Dr. Yu was much older that he realized that his grandfather’s walks were connected to two discriminatory policies from Canada’s past: the Chinese head tax and the Chinese Exclusion Act.
To understand these two policies and the terrible effect they had on generations of individuals, you need to know a little about the history of Chinese immigration to Canada. In the late 1800s, there was an influx of Chinese immigration to Canada’s West. Many came to help build the Canadian Pacific Railway – the first Canadian Railway to cross the Rocky Mountains and reach the Pacific Coast – but Chinese people emigrated for many other reasons, too: working on farms, opening stores and participating in logging operations in British Columbia and elsewhere.
Loggers in British Columbia, 1900. Chinese people in Canada often worked in dangerous or low-status jobs that others did not want. Photo: Vancouver Public Library, Special Collections, photograph by Philip Timms, 78316.
Unfortunately, many white Canadians were hostile to Chinese immigration. In 1885, immediately after construction on the Canadian Pacific Railway was complete, the federal government passed the Chinese Immigration Act, which stipulated that, with almost no exceptions, every person of Chinese origin immigrating to Canada had to pay a fee of $50, called a head tax. No other group in Canadian history has ever been forced to pay a tax based solely on their country of origin. “It was an attempt to basically discriminate against the Chinese,” Dr. Yu explained. “…it was a way to alter the flow of migrants to the new Canada to be weighted towards European and in particular British migrants.”
In 1900, the head tax was raised to $100. Then, three years later, it went up to $500 per person. Between 1885 and 1923, approximately 81,000 Chinese immigrants paid the head tax, contributing millions of dollars to government coffers. One of those who paid the tax was Dr. Yu’s maternal grandfather, Yeung Sing Yew, who immigrated to Canada in 1923. Yeung was also one of the last Chinese immigrants to pay the head tax; in the same year as he arrived in the country, the Canadian government passed a new Chinese Immigration Act, which came to be known as the Chinese Exclusion Act. Under the new act, Chinese immigration to Canada was completely banned. This legislation was kept in place until 1947, and its effect on Canada’s Chinese community was devastating.
Because of the costly head tax, by 1923, Canada’s Chinese communities were largely “bachelor societies,” where men outnumbered women by a ratio of almost twenty-eight to one. Many Chinese men had come to Canada alone, hoping to save enough money to bring over their wives and families. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1923 destroyed those dreams. Yeung spent many years living alone in Canada.
A photo of Yeung Sing Yew, far right, and three other men. Photo: Courtesy of Dr. Henry Yu.
Even after 1947, immigration to Canada was still challenging. Until Canada’s immigration system was overhauled in 1967, few Chinese were let into the country, and usually only for family reunification purposes. In fact, Yeung first met his daughter – Dr. Yu’s mother – when she immigrated to Canada in 1965. Both of Dr. Yu’s parents worked full time, so when he was young, he spent a lot of time with his grandparents –this brings us back to the long walks to Chinatown.
It was only when Dr. Yu was older, and knew his grandfather’s whole story that he finally understood what the long walks were about: they demonstrated his grandfather’s joy at being reunited with his family. “It explains his showing me off to all those other elderly men gathered at these cafes in Chinatown,” Dr. Yu told me. He recounted how excited the old men would be, and how they would enthusiastically congratulate his grandfather: “It explains why my grandfather having me here was like an explosion of joy because the Exclusion Act basically made it impossible for many of them… to marry someone and have kids turn into grandkids. Many of them would die alone literally, growing old alone except for these other men in these cafes.”
This experience helped teach Dr. Yu that the effects of racial discrimination take a psychological toll on many generations. He remembers how, until the late 1940s, the Chinese in British Columbia were not allowed to swim in pools with whites, and were segregated in movie theatres. He told me how many Chinese immigrants lived in fear of being deported because authorities would often look for reasons to remove people from the country. Dr. Yu’s grandfather used a fake identity, called a “paper name,” to get into Canada because he did not have a legal birth certificate – something that was very common at the time – and so he worried for many years about the authorities coming for him.
A page of the head tax register where “Low Jang Yit” – the “paper name” of Dr. Yu’s grandfather, was registered. His name is fifth from the bottom. Photo: Library and Archives Canada.
“So my grandfather, you could say he lived a life that unfortunately distorted who he could be, who he was – and by the time I knew him as an elder in the community, he wasn’t the same man he was when he was young. When I learned about things like the head tax…. It explained things about my grandfather that I already felt and knew. It’s kind of interesting that you can feel something’s wrong and not know why until later. You kind of don’t know the words, and then you finally find a name for your pain. You say “Oh now I get it. Now I understand.””
Chinese Canadians did call for acknowledgment of the human rights violations they experienced due to the head tax and Chinese Exclusion Act. In 1983, Dak Leon Mark and Shack Yee requested that the Canadian government refund the $500 head tax they had each paid. In the years that followed, some 4,000 Chinese Canadians came forward seeking redress. Some Chinese Canadians also pursued justice through the court of law. Redress finally came in June 2006, when Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized in the House of Commons. That same year, $20,000 in redress was offered by the Government of Canada to all surviving individuals who had paid the head tax. The government also allocated $24 million for a community historical recognition program and $10 million for a national historical recognition Program meant to educate Canadians on the impacts of the head tax and the racism experienced by many different groups in Canada.
Thomas Soon, 97 (left) and Charlie Quon, 99, holding the first head tax redress payments from the Government of Canada. Photo: The Canadian Press, photograph by Lyle Stafford.
Dr. Henry Yu is now a professor of History at the University of British Columbia. He has played a key role in the Chinese Head Tax Digitization Project, which created a searchable database of Chinese Canadian immigrants who paid the head tax. The database allows individuals to search for family members, and it allows researchers access to important demographic information. For Dr. Yu, it also serves as a connection to his grandfather and to all those who have passed away, ensuring they and their stories are never forgotten:
“You could say that in this research, this database, I can find ways to hear from him and all those other men who are otherwise silent. And so that’s where, in a way, we were able to find a voice and let it say things that perhaps they couldn’t at the time.”
The story of the Chinese Head Tax and Exclusion Act and the struggle for redress can be found in the Museum’s Canadian Journeys gallery. This blog was written in part using research conducted by Mallory Richard, who worked at the Museum as both a researcher and a project coordinator.
村长，如果你真的想给讨论贡献点有价值的东西，请稍微把数据整理一下怎么？你这长篇长篇的转贴除了唬人没有别的意义啊？
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这里是其中关于排华案的一段：
IV、歧视华人
1）人头税法案，又称排华法案（Chinese exclusion act)
2）道歉与否
3）性教纲风暴与“新加拿大人”
4）其它
1）人头税法案，又称排华法案（Chinese exclusion act)
下面是引自wikipedia的资料 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Immigration_Act,_1923
1. The Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 placed a $50 head tax on Chinese immigrants coming to Canada.[1]
2. In 1900, the fee was raised to $100 (a substantial amount of money at that time).
3. In 1903, the amount was raised to $500, the equivalency of two years' wages
4. Later, another law was passed, declaring that only one Chinese immigrant could come to Canada for every fifty tons (50.8 tonnes) of the ship they were travelling on, for that one voyage.
5. This act was eventually superseded in 1923 by the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923, also known as the Chinese Exclusion Act (not to be confused with the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882), which banned Chinese immigration entirely.[2]
对应当时的政党轮替情况。
1878-1896 保守党：在BC和其它省政府及联邦议会许多成员的压力下通过1885年华人移民法案，每个中国人缴纳 $50，这在当年也是一个可以负担的小数字；
1896-1911 自由党：保守党在11年内维持 $50每人的价码，自由党执政四年后于1900年翻番到$100 每人，再过3年巨增到$500每人，相当于当时两年的工资。自由党执政7年，分两次增加了10倍！
1911-1921 保守党：保守党再执政10年，没动；
1921-1930 自由党 （中间保守党于1926年6 到9月 短暂执政三个月不到）：自由党上台两年后干脆于1923年通过法案完全禁止华人移民！
2）道歉与否
然后，前面有文章详述保守党和自由党在为该法案道歉问题上截然不同的态度和作为。考虑到两党在各自理念上的延续性，这种不同是不是完全可以理解？
3）性教纲风暴与“新加拿大人”
自由党和NDP及追随他们的左媒对华人发自骨髓的歧视，在他们应对最近有大量华人参与的性教纲抗议浪潮中因一声“新加拿大人”以及在行动上无法掩饰的轻蔑不屑而表现的淋漓尽致。
毫不奇怪的是，和联邦保守党具有同样理念的保守党省议员们一直和华人站在同一阵线，为阻止极端性教纲祸害下一代而尽心竭力，为民请命。
4) 其它
数据显示，自由党才是打压移民的罪魁祸首
真实移民数据，加拿大哪个党一直在打压移民？
自由党在历史上和现实中都是在骨子歧视华人的那个种族主义政党！
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断章取义就得被拿掉了。像明神父这样无需断章取义的只能是高级黑
这个放个最低标准在这里供参考。
IV、歧视华人
1）人头税法案，又称排华法案（Chinese exclusion act)
2）道歉与否
3）性教纲风暴与“新加拿大人”
4）其它
1）人头税法案，又称排华法案（Chinese exclusion act)
下面是引自wikipedia的资料 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Immigration_Act,_1923
1. The Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 placed a $50 head tax on Chinese immigrants coming to Canada.[1]
2. In 1900, the fee was raised to $100 (a substantial amount of money at that time).
3. In 1903, the amount was raised to $500, the equivalency of two years' wages
4. Later, another law was passed, declaring that only one Chinese immigrant could come to Canada for every fifty tons (50.8 tonnes) of the ship they were travelling on, for that one voyage.
5. This act was eventually superseded in 1923 by the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923, also known as the Chinese Exclusion Act (not to be confused with the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882), which banned Chinese immigration entirely.[2]
对应当时的政党轮替情况。
1878-1896 保守党：在BC和其它省政府及联邦议会许多成员的压力下通过1885年华人移民法案，每个中国人缴纳 $50，这在当年也是一个可以负担的小数字；
1896-1911 自由党：保守党在11年内维持 $50每人的价码，自由党执政四年后于1900年翻番到$100 每人，再过3年巨增到$500每人，相当于当时两年的工资。自由党执政7年，分两次增加了10倍！
1911-1921 保守党：保守党再执政10年，没动；
1921-1930 自由党 （中间保守党于1926年6 到9月 短暂执政三个月不到）：自由党上台两年后干脆于1923年通过法案完全禁止华人移民！
2）道歉与否
然后，前面有文章详述保守党和自由党在为该法案道歉问题上截然不同的态度和作为。考虑到两党在各自理念上的延续性，这种不同是不是完全可以理解？
3）性教纲风暴与“新加拿大人”
自由党和NDP及追随他们的左媒对华人发自骨髓的歧视，在他们应对最近有大量华人参与的性教纲抗议浪潮中因一声“新加拿大人”以及在行动上无法掩饰的轻蔑不屑而表现的淋漓尽致。
毫不奇怪的是，和联邦保守党具有同样理念的保守党省议员们一直和华人站在同一阵线，为阻止极端性教纲祸害下一代而尽心竭力，为民请命。
4) 其它
数据显示，自由党才是打压移民的罪魁祸首
真实移民数据，加拿大哪个党一直在打压移民？
自由党在历史上和现实中都是在骨子歧视华人的那个种族主义政党！
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不单是相对的，而且是动态的：保守派里有开明人士，自由派里也有道貌岸然的伪君子，历史上保守党和自由党政府都做过值得赞许的事，也可能都做过现代眼光来看非常愚昧的事；哪怕同一个人，也常常会既有保守的一面也有自由的一面……所以才有我前面说神父无耻的缘由。
难民政策肯定是有缺陷的，但这个缺陷有多大、这些缺陷是否大到足以否定整套难民政策都是值得商榷的问题。不过无论如何这些都不是明神父把难民群体连同难民政策一起全面否定、无限否定“左”和宣扬“极右”的理由。
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至少她那一整段关于克罗地亚承认同性婚姻的评论是比较完整的，我看不出有啥断章取义冤枉她了的。
她是不是种族主义者我无权下定论，但身为政治人物，公开场所用过激词句表达对其他弱势群体的蔑视，显然在加拿大是不能被容忍的。福特不惜摊上个背叛自己的铁杆支持者的骂名都要把她踢出局，他自己心里肯定权衡过。华人社群是块小自留地，若是主流社会知道有那么些华人，长年累月公开公然地使用着过激语言表达着对其他弱势群体的歧视和对“极右”的无限赞美，不晓得会对整个华人群体的形象产生什么影响。
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