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AlphaFold[edit]
Main article:
AlphaFold
In 2016, DeepMind turned its artificial intelligence to
protein folding, one of the toughest problems in science. In December 2018, DeepMind's AlphaFold won the 13th
Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP) by successfully predicting the most accurate structure for 25 out of 43 proteins. “This is a lighthouse project, our first major investment in terms of people and resources into a fundamental, very important, real-world scientific problem,” Hassabis said to
The Guardian.
[77] In 2020, in the 14th CASP, AlphaFold's predictions achieved an accuracy score regarded as comparable with lab techniques. Dr Andriy Kryshtafovych, one of the panel of scientific adjudicators, described the achievement as "truly remarkable", and said the problem of predicting how proteins fold had been "largely solved".
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In July 2021, the open-source RoseTTAFold and AlphaFold2 were released to allow scientists to run their own versions of the tools. A week later OpenMind announced that AlphaFold had completed its prediction of nearly all human proteins as well as the entire 'proteomes' of 20 other widely studied organisms.
[81] The structures were released on the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database. In July 2022, it was announced that the predictions of over 200 million proteins, representing virtually all known proteins, would be released on the AlphaFold database.
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