请扫盲:为什么广岛重建可以住人?

eminemmie

Eminem Pub主人之姐
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问题是别人问的,我看不懂他们的答案所以拿到这里来问问,希望有达人用通俗一点的语言让我明白。


切尔诺贝利核泄漏事故发生至今已有20年了,现在当地依然是人类的禁区,核辐射的阴影笼罩着每一寸土地,20年的时光丝毫没有削弱它的威力,死神在当地的废墟尽情起舞
  
  1945年,广岛和长崎先后遭受原子弹轰炸,数十万人瞬间死于非命。然而在短短几十年间,这两个城市迅速重建并发展起来,居民们安居乐业,广岛甚至1994年的时候还举办了亚运会这样的大规模盛事,丝毫看不出任何核辐射的影响。也不知道当初日本政府怎么这么大胆,竟敢在当地开展重建。
  
  两者的巨大反差令人想不通,核爆炸与核泄漏,两者都和核相关,可的差距咋就这么大聂?
  
  有人解释说两者的机理不同、有人说是原子弹的当量太小、有人干脆说原子弹就是骗局,但看来看去这些解释要不就是没有坚实的理论支撑,要不就是捕风捉影,好像都不太令人信服。
  
  有没有行家能够深入地解释一下核爆炸和核泄漏的区别啊?解释一下为什么切尔诺贝利和广岛长崎的现状似天壤之别?最好能够稍微定量一点,以帮助我们这些外行人解惑~
 
问得好。

这也是我这两天想的问题。
 
时间可以冲淡一切。

1:3 人一切的劳碌、就是他在日光之下的劳碌、有甚么益处呢。
1:4 一代过去、一代又来.地却永远长存。
1:5 日头出来、日头落下、急归所出之地。
 
时间可以冲淡一切。

1:3 人一切的劳碌、就是他在日光之下的劳碌、有甚么益处呢。
1:4 一代过去、一代又来.地却永远长存。
1:5 日头出来、日头落下、急归所出之地。

标准政府答案, 无用。
 
时间可以冲淡一切。

1:3 人一切的劳碌、就是他在日光之下的劳碌、有甚么益处呢。
1:4 一代过去、一代又来.地却永远长存。
1:5 日头出来、日头落下、急归所出之地。

是在回答楼主的问题么?

忒深奥,看不明白。
 
我猜:

原子弹是靠从原子核中释放出的巨大能量起破坏作用,放射物残留并不多。

原子弹爆炸后形成蘑菇云是地面大当量炸药爆炸所特有的现象。当爆炸时,由于爆炸中心温度很高,空气与热膨胀上升导致在爆炸中心产生近似于真空的一个类圆柱形区域。真空所导致的吸力使其将地面上的砂石吸起,砂石通过这个区域并在高空扩散从而产生蘑菇云。
 
我猜:

原子弹是靠从原子核中释放出的巨大能量起破坏作用,放射物残留并不多。

原子弹爆炸后形成蘑菇云是地面大当量炸药爆炸所特有的现象。当爆炸时,由于爆炸中心温度很高,空气与热膨胀上升导致在爆炸中心产生近似于真空的一个类圆柱形区域。真空所导致的吸力使其将地面上的砂石吸起,砂石通过这个区域并在高空扩散从而产生蘑菇云。

正确!

Fallout can also refer to nuclear accidents, although a nuclear reactor does not explode like a nuclear weapon. The isotopic signature of bomb fallout is very different from the fallout from a serious power reactor accident (such as Chernobyl). The key differences are in volatility and half-life.

Volatility
The boiling point of an element (or its compounds) is able to control the percentage of that element a power reactor accident releases. In addition, the ability of an element to form a solid controls the rate it is deposited on the ground after having been injected into the atmosphere by a nuclear detonation or accident.
[edit]Half-life
A large amount of short-lived isotopes such as 97Zr are present in bomb fallout. This isotope and other short-lived isotopes are constantly generated in a power reactor, but because the criticality occurs over a long length of time, the majority of these short lived isotopes decay before they can be released.
Below is shown a comparison of the calculated gamma dose rates in open air from the fallout of a fission bomb and of the Chernobyl release. It is clear that average half-life of the Chernobyl release is longer than that for the bomb fallout.

800px-Bombvschernobyldoserateinopenair.png

A comparison of the gamma dose rates from Chernobyl and bomb fallout, to 10,000 days. These have been normalised to the same Cs-137 level.

Relativedoseratesnormalisedforday1.png

Gamma dose rates from Chernobyl and bomb fallout, to 1,000 days.

Relativedoseratesnormalisedforday1.png

Gamma dose rates from Chernobyl and bomb fallout, to 100 days.
 
核弹产生的次生放射性元素,大部分都只有很短的半衰期,只要不大剂量的进入人体内,对人的伤害会非常小。</pre>
 
有放鞭炮经验的人都知道,爆炸声音大的鞭炮留下的糊味;声音很小或只是蔫炮留下的臭味。
 
86年那次反应堆爆炸的威力是广岛那次的400倍
 
我猜:

原子弹是靠从原子核中释放出的巨大能量起破坏作用,放射物残留并不多。

原子弹爆炸后形成蘑菇云是地面大当量炸药爆炸所特有的现象。当爆炸时,由于爆炸中心温度很高,空气与热膨胀上升导致在爆炸中心产生近似于真空的一个类圆柱形区域。真空所导致的吸力使其将地面上的砂石吸起,砂石通过这个区域并在高空扩散从而产生蘑菇云。

I agree with 闲小姐。工作中有一点(只一点)接触,理解如下。

1. Take the example of Nagasaki Pu bomb. The bomb was about 15kg in total but the fission portion was only about 1.2kg. The rest was distributed world wide, both local and global. As the A-bomb was detonated at about 500 meters above ground, the distribution was not so concentrated;
2. When A-bomb was detonated, only a small portion was fissioned and therefore, the decay daughter, Cs-137 (with a short half life of ~30 ears, compared to 24k years for Pu-239) was not that much. Gamma ray is generated when decay happens. It is obvious that Pu-239 was not so dangerous but the Cs-137 was. However, there was only very limited amount Cs and it was distributed globally, the radiation level on ground was not that high. More over, most of land in Japan is shaped with a slop towards the sea and therefore washing away is efficient.
3. Now the power station. As power station has been used for years and there are many short life radioactive isotopes with the reactors. Once accident happens, those isotopes stay where they were. Their half life and amount decide how long they will last.
 
当年核弹“小男孩”搭载了50千克的铀235确(95%以上武器级)。核裂变爆发的能量为50万億焦耳,相当于1万5千吨TNT当量。能量通过冲击波热线放射线等方式爆发出来,分别占50%、35%、15%的比例。原子弹在离地 600 米空中爆炸.....

这核电站核心的铀235是2-3%的,根据官方估计,发生事故后的反应炉内大约还有95%的燃料(180公吨),也就是说本来有大概189.45吨. 少了9.45吨: 94500KG X 0.02(就当2%的浓度).=189KG 如果是3%就是283.5KG....这就是4-6倍的量,而且原子弹是炸有消耗(50%)是冲击波,电厂是实实在在的200-300KG..

而且苏联政府对外公布的是还剩95%,但后来有抢救人员透露是爆炸后燃料不剩多少,核心基本被炸掉抛出,剩余核燃料不足20%...要是那样的话...你算一下..就是151.56吨被排放.就是2%计算都是3.0312吨的铀235
 
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