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做个简单生命周期评估就明白了。环保就是车在路上跑这段。
以火电为主的地区电动车连在路上跑这段时间产生的污染都比汽油车多。你只不过是把污染排放从汽车尾气转到发电厂的烟囱而已。之间还得加上能量转化的损失。
不用读书,不用靠估计,网上信息多的是,都是官方co2补贴的计算方法数字:
- The average passenger vehicle emits about 404 grams of CO2 per mile=251 grams per km
- the US average electricity source emissions of 0.818 lbs CO2e per kWh (0.371 kgs CO2e per kWh)
- So electric car emissions: 0.166kwh/km*371grams/kwh=61.58grams
Model 3 16.6 kWh/100 km
内燃机效率比较低:
Today's gasoline driven cars have engine efficiency of 20-35%. An oil refinery may have a thermal efficiency of about 90%, depending on how complex it is. With a hydrocracker and the supporting hydrogen plant the efficiency may be lower. There is also some loss during transportation of the crude oil and the gasoline. So the total crude oil to hp efficiency may be about 22%.
即使不按美国平均,使用煤发电,电动车也大概只有汽油车的一半co2:
| Coal | 897,885 | 2.26 |
| Natural gas | 1,579,361 | 0.97 |
| Petroleum | 19,176 | 2.44 |
Last column is pounds per kW
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