Salmon is a popular food. Classified as an
oily fish,
[81] salmon is considered to be healthful due to the fish's high
protein, high
omega-3 fatty acids, and high
vitamin D[82] content. Salmon is also a source of
cholesterol, with a range of 23–214 mg/100 g depending on the species.
[83] According to reports in the journal
Science, however, farmed salmon may contain high levels of
dioxins. PCB (
polychlorinated biphenyl) levels may be up to eight times higher in farmed salmon than in wild salmon.
[84] Omega-3 content may also be lower than in wild-caught specimens,
[citation needed] and in a different proportion to what is found naturally. Omega-3 comes in three types,
ALA,
DHA and
EPA; wild salmon has traditionally been an important source of DHA and EPA, which are important for brain function and structure, among other things. The body can itself convert ALA omega-3 into DHA and EPA, but at a very inefficient rate (2–15%). Nonetheless, according to a 2006 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the benefits of eating even farmed salmon still outweigh any risks imposed by contaminants.
[85] The type of omega-3 present may not be a factor for other important health functions.
Salmon flesh is generally orange to red, although white-fleshed wild salmon occurs. The natural colour of salmon results from
carotenoid pigments, largely
astaxanthin, but also
canthaxanthin, in the flesh.
[86] Wild salmon get these carotenoids from eating
krill and other tiny
shellfish.
The vast majority of Atlantic salmon available on the world market are farmed (almost 99%),[87] whereas the majority of Pacific salmon are wild-caught (greater than 80%). Canned salmon in the US is usually wild Pacific catch, though some farmed salmon is available in canned form.
Smoked salmon is another popular preparation method, and can either be hot or cold
smoked.
Lox can refer either to cold-smoked salmon or to salmon cured in a brine solution (also called
gravlax). Traditional canned salmon includes some skin (which is harmless) and bone (which adds calcium). Skinless and boneless canned salmon is also available.
Raw salmon flesh may contain
Anisakis nematodes, marine
parasites that cause
anisakiasis.
Before the availability of refrigeration, the Japanese did not consume raw salmon. Salmon and salmon roe have only recently come into use in making sashimi (raw fish) and sushi.
Freezing is often used to kill parasites. According to
European Union regulations,
[5] freezing fish at −20°C (−4°F) for 24 hours kills parasites. The
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends freezing at
−35°C (−31°F) for 15 hours, or at −20°C (−4°F) for 7 days.
[6]
While
Canada does not federally regulate freezing fish
[citation needed],
British Columbia[7] and
Alberta[8] voluntarily adhere to guidelines similar to the FDA's.
要点:市场上大西洋三文鱼主要是养的,太平洋的主要是野生。有寄生虫,生吃要用冷冻法以保证安全,具体标准参见欧盟和FDA规定。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sashimi#Safety
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon#Salmon_as_food