Four out of every 10 children and teens spend at least three hours a day in their basements, and 14 per cent have a bedroom at or below ground level. Outside the home, 20 per cent of kids spend a minimum of three hours in basements or in ground-floor environments such as classrooms and daycares.
Based on a March 2012 report, Health Canada says one in 20 Ontario homes contain dangerous levels of the cancer-causing gas, which, according to the cancer society, kills 850 Ontarians each year, 10 times as many people as house fires and carbon monoxide poisoning combined, and accounts for 13 per cent of lung cancer deaths in the province per year.
At-home test kits can be purchased over the Internet or from a hardware or home improvement store, or a professional can be hired to test for radon.
It is recommended people use the at-home test for at least three months, ideally between September and April, when windows and doors are typically kept closed. At the end of this period the kit is sent to a lab for analysis (that information is included in the kit).
Kovacs’s kit cost $50 (including lab costs), but kits typically range between $25 and $170 according to the City of Ottawa.
Her home tested at 303 bcq/m3 (becquerels per cubic metre) above Health Canada’s recommended guideline of 200 bcq/m3. Given her levels were higher, their home required remediation. The one-day job involved drilling a hole in the basement floor and installing piping and a fan unit to vent the gas outside the home.
While the remediation cost $3,400 was covered with her Tarion Home Warranty (her family has lived in their house for six years and the warranty was good for seven years), she would have had the work done regardless.
“It’s just peace of mind. Every time my kids go down (to the basement) I’m not concerned about what they are breathing in or how much time they’re spending down there because we’ve taken care of that problem.”
What are the health implications?
When a radioactive gas, like radon, is inhaled, it naturally breaks down into radioactive particles that can be trapped in your lungs when you breathe in. This may cause damage to lung tissue, which can develop into lung cancer over the course of a lifetime.
The health risks from radon exposure are long-term and often depend on three things:
- The level of radon in your home or building
- The length of time you are exposed to radon
- Your smoking habits or exposure to second-hand smoke
What can I do?
Studies by Health Canada have shown that radon concentrations vary a great deal across Canada, making it impossible to predict radon levels in any one home or building. The only way to know if you are being exposed to radon gas is to test for it. Testing for radon is easy and affordable. Health Canada suggests that you use a long-term radon detector for a minimum of three months.
There are two options to test buildings for radon:
- Do-it-yourself radon test kit
Can be purchased over the internet, at local hardware, home improvement, or building supply stores, or from Ottawa Public Health*
The cost of testing ranges from $25 - $170
*to purchase a kit from Ottawa Public Health, please call: 613-580-6744
- Hire a radon testing company
For a list of certified Canadian radon testing companies consult the Canadian National Radon Proficiency Program (C-NRPP) or call 1-855-722-6777.
What are the acceptable concentrations?
The current Health Canada guideline for radon in indoor air for dwellings is 200 Becquerels per cubic metre, or less.
How can I fix my radon problem?
If a long term radon detection test shows a living or active space to be above the Canadian guideline of 200 Becquerels/m3, Health Canada and Ottawa Public Health recommend that home or building owners consult a certified radon professional to determine the best radon reduction plan to lower radon levels. The concentration of radon gas will determine how quickly you should lower your radon exposure - the higher the level of radon gas in a building, the faster you should take action to reduce your exposure.
How soon to take action to reduce the radon level?
>600 Bq/m³ - Remediate within 1 year 200
- 600 Bq/m³ - Remediate within 2 years
<200 Bq/m³ - No action required
Contact the Canadian National Radon Proficiency Program at 1-800-269-4174 or visit the following website for a list of certified radon professionals who can help reduce the level of radon in your home.
Cross-Canada Survey of Radon Concentrations in Homes - Final Report
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/radiation/radon/survey-sondage-eng.php#a10