30名救火人员...
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北京时间4月1日下午，中国应急管理部的官网和官方微信变成了黑白色。外界推测，这是为悼念3月31日在四川凉山大火中牺牲的30名消防人员。
此前的消息称，在当地的扑火过程中有27名森林消防指战员和3名地方扑火人员失联。至3月31日18时30分，中国应急管理部发布消息，失联的30名扑火队员遗体已找到。另据中国网络上的消息，牺牲消防人员中包含1名80后，24名90后，2名00后。
对于造成如此重大的人员伤亡，从目前中国官方的消息来看是受风力风向突变影响，突发林火爆燃，瞬间形成巨大火球，避险不及所致。
纵然如此，在一场火灾中造成如此众多的专业消防人员死亡，还是令外界觉得有些不可思议。
这么多人死亡，固然可以悲伤，应该哀悼，但悲伤和哀悼之余，这起事故应给中国政府和中国官员带来更多反思。为什么会这么轻易死了这么多专业的消防员，除了天灾，这些人不专业，缺乏训练，缺乏装备是否也是可能原因？另外，是否还有一些制度安排上的更深层次的弊病？
据中国媒体报道，大火发生后，事故发生地四川省委书记彭清华做出批示，要求在扑火和救援过程中，要坚持科学指挥，防止造成新的人员伤亡。这句话意味着，造成此次众多消防员遇难的部分原因，在于不尊重科学规律和专业意见的指挥。
中国官方每每宣传面对突发事故中国专业力量能够“召之即来，来之能战，战之必胜”，以展示其无惧无畏的精神，中国官方媒体也成日宣传着“消防员是和平年代牺牲最多的职业”。但精神力量并非全部，最关键的还是消防队员的科学训练、科学装备，以及听取专业意见的科学决策机制。
实际上，这种种的背后应指向更深层的层面——中国政府治理体系的陈旧和制度安排衔接不通畅的问题，在人的层面就是中国官员违反科学决策，胡乱指挥的问题。在悼念的同时，中国政府应该检讨，追究责任，彻底改革，系统重构。
此前的消息称，在当地的扑火过程中有27名森林消防指战员和3名地方扑火人员失联。至3月31日18时30分，中国应急管理部发布消息，失联的30名扑火队员遗体已找到。另据中国网络上的消息，牺牲消防人员中包含1名80后，24名90后，2名00后。
对于造成如此重大的人员伤亡，从目前中国官方的消息来看是受风力风向突变影响，突发林火爆燃，瞬间形成巨大火球，避险不及所致。
纵然如此，在一场火灾中造成如此众多的专业消防人员死亡，还是令外界觉得有些不可思议。
这么多人死亡，固然可以悲伤，应该哀悼，但悲伤和哀悼之余，这起事故应给中国政府和中国官员带来更多反思。为什么会这么轻易死了这么多专业的消防员，除了天灾，这些人不专业，缺乏训练，缺乏装备是否也是可能原因？另外，是否还有一些制度安排上的更深层次的弊病？
据中国媒体报道，大火发生后，事故发生地四川省委书记彭清华做出批示，要求在扑火和救援过程中，要坚持科学指挥，防止造成新的人员伤亡。这句话意味着，造成此次众多消防员遇难的部分原因，在于不尊重科学规律和专业意见的指挥。
中国官方每每宣传面对突发事故中国专业力量能够“召之即来，来之能战，战之必胜”，以展示其无惧无畏的精神，中国官方媒体也成日宣传着“消防员是和平年代牺牲最多的职业”。但精神力量并非全部，最关键的还是消防队员的科学训练、科学装备，以及听取专业意见的科学决策机制。
实际上，这种种的背后应指向更深层的层面——中国政府治理体系的陈旧和制度安排衔接不通畅的问题，在人的层面就是中国官员违反科学决策，胡乱指挥的问题。在悼念的同时，中国政府应该检讨，追究责任，彻底改革，系统重构。
cathlethorpe
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cathlethorpe
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cathlethorpe
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cathlethorpe
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flapjack_monkey
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谁给说说这算不算外行指导内行？指挥部门算不算蛮干？是不是能看到更深层的层面——美国政府治理体系的陈旧和制度安排衔接不通畅的问题，在人的层面是不是美国官员违反科学决策，胡乱指挥？在悼念的同时，美国政府有没有检讨，追究责任，彻底改革，系统重构？
BTW，FORT MCMURRAY地处平原，火势蔓延时风向固定，而四川和ARIZONA都是山火。山上气流不稳定风吹八面。遇难的两国消防员都是专职干森林消防的，不会不懂这些。
https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/01/us/arizona-firefighter-deaths/index.html
Loss of 19 firefighters in Arizona blaze 'unbearable,' governor says
By Holly Yan, Eliott C. McLaughlin and Jason Hanna, CNN
Updated 6:44 AM ET, Tue July 2, 2013
[paste:font size="5"]
What is a Hotshot firefighter? 03:33
Honoring the fallen
Also killed, according to the city of Prescott: Andrew Ashcraft, 29; Robert Caldwell, 23; Travis Carter, 31; Dustin Deford, 24; Christopher MacKenzie, 30; Grant McKee, 21; Sean Misner, 26; Scott Norris, 28; Wade Parker, 22; John Percin, 24; Anthony Rose, 23; Jesse Steed, 36; Joe Thurston, 32; Travis Turbyfill, 27; William Warneke, 25; Clayton Whitted, 28; Kevin Woyjeck, 21; and Garret Zuppiger, 27.
The deaths of the 19 -- representing about 20 percentof Prescott's fire department -- devastated the city. Prescott Fire Chief Dan Fraijo, who sent the unit at the request of regional authorities, said he was told that one of the firefighters had radioed they were about to deploy their fire shelters, a sort of aluminum blanket that protects against the flames and heat -- and a measure of last resort.
All he could do was wait. Only heartbreak followed.
"We just lost 19 of some of the finest people you'll ever meet. Right now, we're in crisis," Fraijo told reporters.
A 20th member of the unit was working on an assignment away from his team and survived, Fraijo said.
"He feels terribly, and we all feel terribly. Unfortunately, we have very few words to express that kind of sorrow, but we understood each other. When you take a person in your arms and you hug them, you don't have to say too much," he said.
A tribute to the firefighters grew Monday outside Prescott Fire Station No. 7. Flowers, American flags and signs -- including those reading "19 Great guys gone -- you will be missed" and "Prescott 19 forever in our hearts" -- were placed on or near a fence that separated the station from a road. The tokens also included 19 bottles of water, arranged in a circle.
Also left was a copy of The Firefighter's Prayer, which contains the lines, "And if, according to my fate, I am to lose my life/Please bless with your protecting hand my children and my wife."
Gov. Jan Brewer called the loss "unbearable" during a Monday news conference and said she understood the pain people are dealing with.
"For now, we mourn," she said.
The wildfire, which is considered the deadliest in state history, began Friday near Yarnell, apparently because of lightning strikes, according to Brewer's office and other authorities. The fire wasn't contained at all on Monday morning, and about 200 homes and other structures have burned in the area of Yarnell, a community of about 600 people, the state forestry division said.
About 400 ground personnel and 100 incident-management staff were working to control the fire Monday.
There are no other reported injuries from the blaze, Reichling said.
"As we face the day the highest priority is for the fallen comrades," said Roy Hall, an incident commander with the state forestry division. "We got a lot of hotshot crews in the nation, and they are the elite of the ground firefighters. They're highly trained and highly specialized. They are a younger generation. That's the tragedy of it, that lives would be lost of such a young group."
He added of the fire, "We know that there are values to be protected and efforts that need to be ongoing in this fire. It's a long ways from being over."
Firefighters will work on the eastern side of the fire in an effort to protect homes in evacuated areas, as air tankers drop fire retardant on the perimeter and five helicopters douse hot spots with water.
Billows of thick black smoke covered the sky as the giant flames leaped from one stretch of parched land to another. With high temperatures -- it hit 98 degrees in Yarnell on Monday -- and dry fuel in the fire's path, firefighters faced tough conditions in a race to contain the blaze.
Hotshot crews are elite firefighters
Sunday was the deadliest day for firefighters since the 9/11 attacks. And it is the deadliest wildland fire since 1933, when 25 firefighters died as a blaze burned in light chaparral near Griffith Park, California, according to a list from the U.S. National Wildfire Coordinating Group.
Mary Rasmussen, spokeswoman for the incident command team charged with fighting the blaze, said the cause of the firefighters' deaths is being investigated, and answers might come in the next three days.
Authorities have information that during the blaze, the firefighters deployed their fire shelters. The shelters must be timed well. Set it up too soon, and the heat inside the shelter can become suffocating. Deploy it too late, and the fire is already on top of you.
Wearing gloves, a firefighter will lie on the ground under the shelter, the ground being the only thing keeping the firefighter cool. The shelter will block 100% of the heat from flames and hot gases and 95% of the radiant heat from the flames themselves.
Wildfires: Fast facts
Drivers fleeing the area were chased by dark plumes filling the air. Some evacuees paused to look from afar, wondering if the flames had torched their homes.
The blaze hadn't touched Prescott yet. But like many other fire departments across the state, the Prescott team jumped in to help.
"A hotshot crew are the elite firefighters," state forestry spokesman Art Morrison said. "They're usually (a) 20-person crew, and they're the ones who actually go in and dig the fire line, cut the brush to make a fuel break. And so they would be as close to the fire as they felt they safely could."
"In normal circumstances, when you're digging fire line, you make sure you have a good escape route, and you have a safety zone set up," Morrison said. "Evidently, their safety zone wasn't big enough, and the fire just overtook them."
'Words cant describe the loss'
One of the firefighters -- Woyjeck, the son of a Los Angeles County fire captain -- joined the Prescott unit just three months ago.
Woyjeck, an avid outdoorsman, always wanted to be a firefighter like his father, Joe Woyjeck told "Anderson Cooper 360" on Monday evening.
Joe Woyjeck said he last talked to his son by phone on Sunday morning.
"He said, 'Dad, we got a fire in Yarnell, Arizona. ... I'll give you a call later,'" the elder Woyjeck recalled.
He said it hasn't sunk in yet that he won't get that phone call.
"Words can't describe the loss that our family is feeling right now," Joe Woyjeck said.
Kevin Woyjeck wasn't the only firefighter's son in the Granite Mountain crew. MacKenzie was the son of retired California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Capt. Mike MacKenzie, according to that department.
'They were heroes'
Department of Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano urged residents in the area to heed local authorities' instructions, while lamenting the loss of so many firefighters.
"Today, our thoughts and prayers go out to the families and loved ones of the 19 firefighters who lost their lives in the line of duty," she said in a written statement. "As thousands of their colleagues continue to fight wildfires across Arizona and the West, the Department of Homeland Security and FEMA are working closely with our federal partners including the Forest Service and the Department of Interior, to support state and local efforts."
President Barack Obama also lauded the efforts of the fallen firefighters, saying their deaths are heartbreaking and "our thoughts and prayers go out" to their families. His administration stands ready to help in any way necessary, he said.
"They were heroes -- highly skilled professionals who, like so many across our country do every day, selflessly put themselves in harm's way to protect the lives and property of fellow citizens they would never meet," he said in an earlier statement.
Volunteer firefighters step up despite personal tragedy, looming danger
Brewer, who was to visit Prescott on Monday, said the loss marked "as dark a day as I can remember." She has ordered state flags be flown at half-staff from sunrise Monday to sunset Wednesday, and issued an emergency declaration that will make $200,000 available for response and recovery, while authorizing mobilization of the National Guard, if necessary.
"It may be days or longer before an investigation reveals how this tragedy occurred, but the essence we already know in our hearts: fighting fires is dangerous work," she said.
"When a tragedy like this strikes, all we can do is offer our eternal gratitude to the fallen, and prayers for the families and friends left behind."
Fraijo said the firefighters who died were exceptionally dedicated to their jobs.
"These are the guys that will go out there with 40, 50 pounds of equipment and walk five miles. They'll sleep out there as they try to develop fire lines" to protect homes, Fraijo said.
Before the 19 deaths in Arizona, 43 firefighters had been killed so far in 2013, according to the U.S. Fire Administration. A total of 83 firefighters died last year while on duty.
A Facebook page in memory of the Arizona firefighters garnered more than 120,000 "likes" in less than 10 hours.
"Such a tragic loss," one person wrote. "My heart aches for these brave souls, and for their families and friends."
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２０岁上下，说不定有些是独生子女。唉！
