真没那工夫,简单贴一点点。那些红字是我主要想说的话。2019年美国的逆差960B,将近1T。
另外,这些文章都是英文来源的,不是中国的官媒。
如果你们说中国的贸易顺差都是偷来的,抢来的,赖来的,只要给出证据也行,否则就是无中生有。
Budget Deficit on Path to Surpass $1 Trillion Under Trump
The New York Times-Aug. 21, 2019
https://www.thebalance.com/u-s-imports-and-exports-components-and-statistics-3306270
U.S. Imports
More than 80% of
U.S. imports are
goods ($2.6 trillion).
Capital goods ($693 billion) contribute 27% of all goods imported. That includes computers at $143 billion and telecommunications at $128 billion.
Next is
consumer goods ($648 billion). The top two categories are cell phones / television at $134 billion and pharmaceuticals also at $134 billion. Next is the apparel and footwear category at $129 billion. U.S
consumer spending is dependent upon these low-cost imported goods.
Slightly less than a quarter of imports are
industrial machinery and equipment ($576 billion). The largest sub-category is oil and petroleum products, at $215 billion.
The fourth-largest import category is
automotive vehicles, parts, and engines ($372 billion). The
food, feeds, and beverages category is the smallest at $147 billion.
Services make up 18% of imports ($558 billion). The largest category is travel services at $253 billion. The next is business and computer services at $151 billion. Banking and insurance is $69 billion. Last but not least is government service imports at $23 billion.
Since the United States imports more than it exports, its trade deficit is $621 billion. Even though America exports billions in oil, consumer goods, and automotive products, it imports even more.
Top U.S. Imports
The largest U.S. import category is
capital goods at $693 billion. Businesses import $143 billion in computers and related equipment. They also import $128 billion in telecommunications and semiconductors.
The
consumer goods category is almost as large, at $648 billion. Most of this is cell phones and TVs ($134 billion) and pharmaceutical preparations (also $134 billion). Next is apparel and footwear ($129 billion).
U.S. manufacturers import $576 billion of industrial supplies. Of this, $215 billion is oil and petroleum products. The United States also imports $372 billion worth of automobiles and $147 billion in food and feedstock.
Services is a large and growing category. In 2018, U.S. service imports totaled $558 billion. Almost half was travel and transportation services, at $253 billion. The next was computer services and other business services at $151 billion. Finance and insurance services were $69 billion. The government services category was $23 billion.
Almost 60% of U.S. imports come from five countries: China, Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Germany. These imports continue to rise despite President Donald Trump's trade war.
Blame Imports for the Trade Deficit
The United States imports more than it exports. That's despite being the third-largest exporter in the world. The biggest exporters are the European Union and China.
According to the U.S. Census, that creates a trade deficit of $621 billion. Even though America exports billions in oil, consumer goods, and automotive products, it imports even more of those same categories.
manufacturing jobs according to a
study in the American Economic Review. It found that in 2000, more than 10% of the labor force worked in
manufacturing. By 2007, it had dropped to 8.7%. Not all of these losses were from
outsourcing. Some were from the rise in robotics.
The study also found that job losses hit some communities harder than others. The cities and towns that lost out to Chinese competition also experienced higher costs for unemployment compensation, disability payments, health care, and early retirement. A study by
Illinois Wesleyan University showed that $1 billion in imports from China reduced U.S. manufacturing by 0.48%.
At the same time, imports do create U.S. jobs in transportation, distribution, and marketing. For example,
the Heritage Foundation estimated that imports from China created 500,000 of these jobs. But it's unlikely that these job gains offset the job losses in manufacturing.
emerging market countries can produce it for less. Their cost of living is lower, which allows them to pay their workers less. That makes them better at producing what U.S. consumers want than American companies could. This is called the theory of comparative advantage.
For example, Indian technology companies can pay their workers just $7,000 a year, much lower than the
U.S. minimum wage. In other words, there's a trade-off between plentiful U.S. jobs and low-cost products. That's just one of the ways
IT outsourcing affects the economy.
Many people say we should only buy items that are "Made in America." That would solve the problem only if everyone were willing to pay higher prices.
President Trump wants to force Americans to make this trade-off. He has threatened China and Mexico with higher
tariffs on their imports. He has pulled the United States out of the
Trans-Pacific Partnership and threatens to do the same with the
North American Free Trade Agreement.
If Trump dumps NAFTA, it may create more U.S. manufacturing jobs but raise the price of many imports. Those higher costs may, in turn, put many U.S. companies out of business.
According to the U.S. Census, that creates a trade deficit of $621 billion. Even though America exports billions in oil, consumer goods, and automotive products, it imports even more of those same categories.
manufacturing jobs according to a
study in the American Economic Review. It found that in 2000, more than 10% of the labor force worked in
manufacturing. By 2007, it had dropped to 8.7%. Not all of these losses were from
outsourcing. Some were from the rise in robotics.
The study also found that job losses hit some communities harder than others. The cities and towns that lost out to Chinese competition also experienced higher costs for unemployment compensation, disability payments, health care, and early retirement. A study by
Illinois Wesleyan University showed that
$1 billion in imports from China reduced U.S. manufacturing by 0.48%.
At the same time, imports do create U.S. jobs in transportation, distribution, and marketing. For example,
the Heritage Foundation estimated that imports from China created 500,000 of these jobs. But it's unlikely that these job gains offset the job losses in manufacturing.