Introduction
Centrally located in the western Sichuan Plain, Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan Province, is renowned for its fertile land and agricultural wealth, which have earned the city the nickname "Storehouse of Heaven." It covers an area of 3,861 sq. km., of which only 50 sq.km. is in the city proper with a population of 4 million, of whom 1.23 million are urban inhabitants. The sky is almost always cloudy in Chengdu and the people are shorter than average for China, so the locals say that they are so small because the sky is so low! Chengdu natives speak a dialect of Southern Mandarin Chinese. Because of the dialect's soft tones, Chinese joke that it is the speech of baby girls, whereas the more rough-sounding dialect of nearby Chongqing is that of baby boys.
History
Chengdu was founded during the time of the Qin in the 3rd century BC, before the Qin's conquered all of China in 221 BC. Already at that time it was considered to be important enough to be given the name Chengdu, which could be translated as "Perfect City" or "Becoming Capital." Its location on a fertile but dry plain led the Qin to establish the world's first large-scale irrigation system, based on the diversion of the Min River. Still in operation today, this irrigation system is said to support the world's densest agrarian population. During the Han dynasty that followed, Chengdu first picked up its nickname "Brocade City," as it became the center of a thriving silk brocade industry. Under the Qin and into the Han dynasty, Chengdu was the seat of the commandery of Shu. After the collapse of the Han dynasty in 220 AD and the disintegration of imperial control, Chengdu became the capital of the kingdom of Shu. It was renamed Yizhou after it was brought under imperial control again during the Tang dynasty (618-907), but broke away again to become the capital of the Early and Later Shu Kingdoms in the 10th century. At this time the merchants of Chengdu became the first in the world to use paper money. Chengdu has continued to prosper as an important city throughout its history, despite periods of strife under the Mongols in the the 13th century and under the rebel Zhang Xiangzhong in the 17th century. World War II brought an unexpected wave of prosperity to Chengdu as the Guomindang (Chinese Nationalist) party under Chiang Kai-shek fled to Sichuan Province to escape the invading Japanese forces. They brought with them businesspeople, workers, and academics, who founded many of the industries and cultural institutions that continue to make Chengdu an important center. The industrial base is very broad, including light and heavy manufacturing, aluminum smelting, and chemicals. The textile industry remains important, with cotton and wool milling added to the traditional silk brocade and satin production.
Education
There are three universities in Chengdu, including Sichuan University, and many scientific and technical schools, plus an institute for the education of members of the Tibetan minority and a school of traditional Chinese medicine.
Sichuan University
Sichuan University is a key comprehensive university. It is composed of three national key universities, namely, the former Sichuan University, Chengdu University of Science and Technology (CUST), and West China University of Medical Science (WCUMS). The university offers courses in nine major fields of study including humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, technology, and medical sciences.
West China University of Medical Sciences (WCUMS)
West China University of Medical Sciences (WCUMS) is one of the key universities of the People's Republic of China and the center of medical care, teaching, and training for medical management for the southwestern part of China. As a time honored medical university, WCUMS provides advanced education, research opportunities, and the best medical care for the citizens in Sichuan Province and China. It consists of eight schools, four departments, four affiliated university hospitals, and nine teaching hospitals. Associate are a Secondary Health School and a University Pharmaceutical Factory. WCUMS takes pride in its 6,019 faculty members, including 1,016 professors and associate professors and 1,574 lecturers. Some 7,178 full-time students study at the university, including 324 doctorate candidates and 635 master's program students. It also provides seven programs for post-doctorate research. There are also 12 research institutions, 3 research centers, and 27 research units in the WCUMS.
Culture
The famous Tang dynasty poet Du Fu lived in Chengdu, and his thatched cottage remains one of the city's most popular tourist attractions.
Food
Sichuan cuisine, one of four Chinese cuisines, is well-known as tasty and piquant delicious food. The favorites, such as Sichuan chafing dish, Chengdu snack, Sichuan pickles, and double-cooked pieces have long enjoyed high reputation.
Sichuan food is known throughout the country for its hot and spicy taste. In fact, each dish has its own flavor and the seasonings include not only chili but also peppers, ginger, wild pepper, pickles, and broad-bean sauce. Therefore, Sichuan food tastes hot, spicy, and sour.
People in Chengdu enjoy different foods for different seasons. For example, on the first day of the Chinese New Year, they eat dumplings made of glutinous rice and noodles. Around Spring Equinox in February they eat steamed buns made of glutinous rice. In April they eat new bamboo shoots. On the fifth day of May (Dragon Boat Festival) they have zongzi, a pyramid-shaped dumpling of rice wrapped in reed leaves, and salted eggs. Ffor the Mid-Autumn Festival (August 15) they have moon cakes and sesame cakes. On the first day of October they eat ciba, another kind of glutinous rice pie. On December 8th they have a special porridge with eight delicacies.
Tea House
Chengdu's tea houses are distinct from their counterparts elsewhere in China in several ways. First, they use bamboo chairs with a high back support so patrons can recline against the back cozily while drinking tea. Second, the tea set consists of three pieces; a lid, a cup, and a bronze tray. Third, the waiter tends tables with a bronze teapot on his arm. Fourth, the tea house is also a good place for watching local operas. Finally, they serve primarily jasmine tea.
12 Fairs of Chengdu
The 12 fairs refer to the 12 different fairs held every lunar month. These are:
Lantern Fair in January
Flower Fair in February
Silkworm Fair in March
Brocade Fair in April
Fan Fair in May
Incense Fair in June
Jewelry Fair in July
Osmanthus Fair in August
Medicine Fair in September
Wine Fair in October
Plum Fair in November
Peach Fair in December
By tradition, people in Chengdu gather in January for lanterns, March for peach blossoms, April for peonies, May for the Dragon Boat races, June for song contests, August for osmanthus flowers, and October for chrysanthemum.
Attractions
Panda (Only 150km away from Chengdu, in the Himalaya Mountains, are some of the last wild giant pandas left on earth. Just outside of Chengdu is the Panda Research Center where scientists hope to breed enough captive pandas to ensure the survival of the species.)
Mountain Emei
Jiu Zhai Gou
Huang Long
Douchuan Hill
The Thatched Cottage of Du Fu (The famous Tang poet Dufu's cottage is found at the side of the Flower-Bathing Brook in Chengdu's eastern suburb.)
Marquis Wu Shrine (The Marquis Wu Shrine is located south of the city and was first built by a local feudal lord during the Western Jin Dynasty in memory of Zhuge Liang, prime minister of Shu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms period.)
Green City Mountain (Situated 73 km. southwest of Chengdu, Green City Mountain is an important Taoist sight.)
Dujiang Dam