Proficiency in the English language is required for entry into the doctoral program.
International students who have not graduated from a French-speaking or an English-speaking university should score at least 213 on the computerized Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), or equivalent, before admission. Students admitted to the Department of Economics must prove that they have an adequate knowledge of both English and French. If deficiencies are apparent in the second language, the appropriate language course offered by the University's Second Language Institute will be added to the program of studies. To determine their level of knowledge of the second language, students must normally take a test administered by the Second Language Institute.