不让看的加拿大油砂田啥样儿?(组图)

reine02

本站元老
VIP
注册
2012-02-27
消息
9,437
荣誉分数
2,120
声望点数
373
不让看的加拿大油砂田啥样儿?(组图)

作者:心路独舞


2014年下半年起国际原油价格连续暴跌的消息不断,2015开年的国际油价继续呈跌势,布伦特原油期货已下跌至每桶53.11美元,是2009年5月1日以来的最低收盘点。与此同时,沙特阿拉伯宣布将在下个月提高出口至亚洲的石油价格,却同时降低了出口到欧美的价格,对中国经济不能不说是双重冲击。在此之前,加拿大油砂田、美国页岩油等不同于传统形势的新兴能源已经饱受重创,其中尤其是加拿大的油砂田受伤害最大(见下图),它的生产成本最高,要70余美元,页岩油次之。


j6c1940c2567e384b43c1266d61edba7c


加拿大阿尔伯塔油砂田上共有十几万人工作,在过去的几年里这里的就业数字增加很快,但如今裁人估计已不可避免。

油砂田生产的能源消耗非常高,对环境的冲击巨大,法律要求采完原油后必须将土地回归到原来的样子,这是它成本高的一个重要原因,目前环境恢复需要的时间很长,采油公司的重点是找到能尽快还原土地的低成本方法,因为过去这里的工作人员多数是流动的,如今很多人扎下根来繁衍后代,生存环境质量变得越来越重要了。前段时间曾有美国记者前去加拿大阿尔伯塔油砂公司采访,不想吃了闭门羹,于是他租了一架飞机飞越参观,由于300米以下的高空区禁飞,记者只好通过小飞机的舷窗探出身子用长焦拍摄,这是其中的部分片子。


1、这里的油砂矿占地5.4万平方英里,内含2万亿桶原油,是仅次于沙特阿拉伯的第二大储量的油田。飞机飞过的只是其中很少一部分,大部分油砂田位于小城市Fort McMurray的北部。

jae1496513c2dec5628f4fd5b7867af6f


2、油矿挣得钱很多花在了这里,这是Suncor Oil公司前两年花费1.8亿美元翻修的社区娱乐中心,2012年9月后这里又花费了1.17亿美元继续扩建。

image.jpg


image.jpg


3、房子比较难找,价格比较高,好点的地方均价达70万美元。而这里冬天很冷,常达零下四、五十度,白天很短,这样的拖车(右下)每个月的租金都要1400美元。

j41bad3b7d3eea2487c7660867222bf96



4、但是还是有成千上万的人涌向这里掘金,1998年这里只有两个公司,但油价的飙升和加拿大政策的倾斜导致越来越多的投资进入这个行业,如今这里已有二十多个公司。

jf8371652b470d74bb792c5cf5e6b4b9b



5、无论大小公司,他们的工作程序都差不多,先砍掉所有的树,然后移走地表的泥土, 电铲随后撮起油砂装入巨型卡车,这种卡车在这里随处可见,它载重量巨大,每趟能运走90吨油砂,每2.5吨油砂可以生产一桶油。

j39c894b52f5ae926f3ec0f2313909111



6、这些卡车不断经过这样的桥梁,想必是世上最坚固的吧。

je1ec304b491a58d62b5dfb9983be879a



7、原料加入粉碎场后变成细碎的混合物,然后通过底下的传送带送出去把油砂分离。

jb80aa324f2fc06da75a8827ca78d8ebe



8、分离的方法很简单,就是往油砂里注水,形成浆状后油和砂子开始分离。

j0c21639c4094fa53936793be06b2182e


9、这些浆状物然后输入这样的容器中,静置后分成三层,上层是油、底层是砂子,中间一层是油、水、砂、土的混合物。

j4d09dea444e65394d9bfd663fb88abe1



10、中间的这层混合物然后排放到露天的储存塘,这种池塘很大,有些看起来都像一个湖了,多数湖上飘着油花儿,对水禽是致命的,因此池塘周围有很多这样的“稻草人”。

j1128259e93dfcb77d6ed88663f8e6749



11、这种储存塘让固体进一步沉到底下,漂在表面的油和化学物质用清理油品泄露的浮线法清除。

j08483c479c4b3e74be42bcdb829c659b


12、这是这种池塘在地面上看起来的样子。

j5fcfd4bd8e49cf4eecd41fee6d42ae7b



13、这是储存池塘表面的油和化学物质清除之后的样子,这里的水要回收继续用来分离油和砂。

j297955f8d05fc1d12948cc954ffc30ee



14、剩下的砂子干燥后是白色的,法律要求油田必须把这里的土地还原成没开发时的状况。

j607c75db890052e14a2835ce94f2c149



15、这是还原后的一处土地。

j98a0fe1de89a47b3240db5f3b0fc56e7


16、从砂子分离出来的粗油进入加工厂炼成合成原油。

jbdd3fee73e63f788fa4c177b1dbbfbf2



17、可以想象,这里的人一定担心环境污染,这里不久前就因污染河流被罚款27.5万美元。

j96a3233666dbca0db346c53b21ec7546



18、19、看看这些

jf4e06313e8213b2b780d3f714568f5a0



jc2901e54f8c8fb7c4285161ac82d0156


20、但不管对环境冲击多大,有油在这些开采公司就会一直在这里延续存在下去的。



jf0bcc3e6f94dccccb26724c17fd14ec1

 
最后编辑:
The Canadian Oil Sand Mines Refused Us Access, So We Rented This Plane To See What They Were Up To
ROBERT JOHNSON MAY 19 2012, 12:03 AM


More pictures of our oil sands trip can be found here on Flickr.

Watch this video for a 2-minute explainer on how oil is extracted from the sands:
http://www.businessinsider.com.au/c...the-most-controversial-places-on-the-planet-1

To get a look at the oil sand mines we rented this Cessna 172 which the pilot was allowed to bring down to 1,000 feet — from there, through the open window and with a long lens we were able to see what really goes on in one of the most controversial places on the planet

image.jpg
 
最后编辑:
These Pictures Show How Oil Sand Mining Releases Carcinogens Into Canadian Lakes
ROBERT JOHNSON JAN 10 2013, 1:47 AM

image.jpg


A new Canadian report finds a direct connection between oil sand mining and elevated levels of cancer causing agents in regional water supplies.The news is a blow for oil companies and the Canadian government, which rely on this method to tap the world’s second largest oil reserve. It also hurts the case for the Keystone pipeline to link America to the sands.

I spent several days in Fort McMurray, and the expanse of mines surrounding the city, last year where residents said they understood mining held risks, but really just wanted some hard facts. Now, it looks like they’ve got them.

“I take my kids fishing to the lakes,” one executive told me at the $270 million McDonald Island recreation park. “I don’t let them swim in it, but I know some people do.”

Probably not anymore, as the study found chemicals called PAHs up to 23 times higher than before oil sand mining. With production set to triple over the next 25 years, these levels will only go up and the study makes clear that the long-term effect on humans, and wildlife remains “unknown.”

http://www.businessinsider.com.au/c...-south-and-the-athabasca-river-to-the-north-1
 
最后编辑:
To the Last Drop: Canada's Dirty Oil Sands
 
嗯,加拿大都被他们祸害成这样了呀,悲催的石油党,必须下台
 
嗯,加拿大都被他们祸害成这样了呀,悲催的石油党,必须下台
石油党把环境部和卫生部搞环境监测,食品检验的人裁掉不少,砍项目,砍经费。
不仅如此,石油党还不许加拿大科学家自由发表研究论文不许与外国同行交流,引起世界各国科学家的愤怒和谴责。



Muzzle-Slider2.jpg
Picture%207_1.png




New-York-Times-editorial-slams-Harpers-muzzling-scientists.jpg


science_protest.jpg.size.xxlarge.promo.jpg


Canada-Death-of-Evidence-1.jpg


Even The New York Times is starting to question Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s anti-science agenda, which recently spurred 17 cross-Canada “Stand Up for Science” rallies. In this Sept. 22 Sunday Times editorial, Verlyn Klinkenborg calls attention to muzzling scientists in defence of Harper’s oil and gas agenda.

Over the last few years, the government of Canada — led by Stephen Harper — has made it harder and harder for publicly financed scientists to communicate with the public and with other scientists.

It began badly enough in 2008 when scientists working for Environment Canada, the federal agency, were told to refer all queries to departmental communications officers. Now the government is doing all it can to monitor and restrict the flow of scientific information, especially concerning research into climate change, fisheries and anything to do with the Alberta tar sands — source of the diluted bitumen that would flow through the controversial Keystone XL pipeline. Journalists find themselves unable to reach government scientists; the scientists themselves have organized public protests.

There was trouble of this kind here in the George W. Bush years, when scientists were asked to toe the party line on climate policy and endangered species. But nothing came close to what is being done in Canada.

Science is the gathering of hypotheses and the endless testing of them. It involves checking and double-checking, self-criticism and a willingness to overturn even fundamental assumptions if they prove to be wrong. But none of this can happen without open communication among scientists. This is more than an attack on academic freedom. It is an attempt to guarantee public ignorance.
 
最后编辑:
赞!
天下乌鸦一般黑。
 
油砂矿是世界第二大的, 第一个大的在委内瑞拉。下面信息应该是不对的。

===================================================================================================
这里的油砂矿占地5.4万平方英里,内含2万亿桶原油,是仅次于沙特阿拉伯的第二大储量的油田。飞机飞过的只是其中很少一部分,大部分油砂田位于小城市Fort McMurray的北部。
 
这地方的房子一年以后就和底特律一个价了,既寒冷又有污染还没有工作,谁会住在那里?
 
后退
顶部
首页 论坛
消息
我的