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What was Auschwitz?
A complex of concentration and death camps established by Nazi Germany in 1940 in the suburbs of the Polish city of Oswiecim. At its peak, the core area of Auschwitz covered more than 40 square kilometres.
How many camps were there at Auschwitz?
There were three major camps and more than 40 sub-camps.
The oldest — the so-called “main camp,” also known as Auschwitz 1 — opened in 1940 and typically held between 15,000 and 20,000 prisoners.
The largest was Birkenau (Auschwitz II), which held more than 90,000 prisoners in 1944. Unlike the other camps, it contained four gas chambers used to kill Jews and other “undesirables.” It opened in March 1942.
The Monowitz concentration camp (known as Auschwitz III or Buna, from the German name for synthetic rubber) opened later in 1942 and was used for slave labour. By late 1944, it held about 11,000 prisoners.
Visitors walk inside former Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau in Oswiecim, Poland, on Sunday, Jan. 25, 2015, days before the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the camp by Russian forces.
How many people died at Auschwitz?
At least 1.1 million, though some estimates go as high as 1.5 million. Approximately one million of those died in the gas chambers at Birkenau, more than 90 per cent of whom were Jews.
What were the death marches?
By January 1945, the Red Army was closing in. Determined to eliminate any witnesses to their genocide, the Nazis evacuated about 56,000 people from Auschwitz, forcing the weak and ill-clothed prisoners to walk through deep snow for days to other centres, where they were crammed on open trains and transported into Germany. During the death marches, as many as 15,000 were shot by escorting SS guards or died of fatigue or exposure.
How was Auschwitz liberated?
As the Red Army advanced, most SS men on duty in the guard towers left Auschwitz on Jan. 20 or 21, 1945, though SS units continued to patrol the camp. By the time the Soviet soldiers opened the front gates of the main camp on Jan. 27, only about 7,000 emaciated people remained in the three major camps.
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A complex of concentration and death camps established by Nazi Germany in 1940 in the suburbs of the Polish city of Oswiecim. At its peak, the core area of Auschwitz covered more than 40 square kilometres.
How many camps were there at Auschwitz?
There were three major camps and more than 40 sub-camps.
The oldest — the so-called “main camp,” also known as Auschwitz 1 — opened in 1940 and typically held between 15,000 and 20,000 prisoners.
The largest was Birkenau (Auschwitz II), which held more than 90,000 prisoners in 1944. Unlike the other camps, it contained four gas chambers used to kill Jews and other “undesirables.” It opened in March 1942.
The Monowitz concentration camp (known as Auschwitz III or Buna, from the German name for synthetic rubber) opened later in 1942 and was used for slave labour. By late 1944, it held about 11,000 prisoners.
Visitors walk inside former Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau in Oswiecim, Poland, on Sunday, Jan. 25, 2015, days before the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the camp by Russian forces.
How many people died at Auschwitz?
At least 1.1 million, though some estimates go as high as 1.5 million. Approximately one million of those died in the gas chambers at Birkenau, more than 90 per cent of whom were Jews.
What were the death marches?
By January 1945, the Red Army was closing in. Determined to eliminate any witnesses to their genocide, the Nazis evacuated about 56,000 people from Auschwitz, forcing the weak and ill-clothed prisoners to walk through deep snow for days to other centres, where they were crammed on open trains and transported into Germany. During the death marches, as many as 15,000 were shot by escorting SS guards or died of fatigue or exposure.
How was Auschwitz liberated?
As the Red Army advanced, most SS men on duty in the guard towers left Auschwitz on Jan. 20 or 21, 1945, though SS units continued to patrol the camp. By the time the Soviet soldiers opened the front gates of the main camp on Jan. 27, only about 7,000 emaciated people remained in the three major camps.
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