瞎唠叨之三分之一中国年轻男性将死于吸烟，

[贵圈]

研究称未来三分之一中国年轻男性将死于吸烟

本报记者 操秀英
“烟草对健康的危害早已被证实，而这项研究最重要的意义在于，揭示了烟草对中国居民的危害性在增加。”中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院基础医学研究所教授、全球控烟研究所中国分中心主任杨功焕在接受科技日报记者采访时表示。

她说的研究，是最近发表于《柳叶刀》的一篇关于中国吸烟危害的文章。由英国牛津大学、中国医学科学院和中国疾病预防控制中心共同领导的这项研究表明，目前中国有三分之二的男性青年抽烟，且绝大部分在20岁之前开始吸烟。这些年轻的男性烟民如果不彻底戒烟，最终约有一半人将因吸烟而过早死亡。

杨功焕说，这一研究包括两大部分，分别历时10年，追踪被调查人群因烟草所致的健康危害。“我参与的第一轮研究于上世纪90年代进行，包含了约25万人群，第二轮研究始于2005年，涵盖了50余万人群。”

研究显示，在过去的15年间，中国男性40到79岁年龄段归因于烟草的死亡比例增加了一倍，从上世纪90年代初的10%左右上升到目前的20%左右，在城市地区，这一比例更高，达到25%，并且还在不断上升。“这是因为开始吸烟的年龄越来越小，吸烟时间越来越长。”杨功焕说。

文章称，总体而言，与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者肺癌风险增加两倍，冠心病风险增加63%，慢阻肺风险增加3.6倍。文章预测，如果不采取措施，预计吸烟致死者在2030年将达到200万，2050年达到300万。就目前的趋势来看，未来每3个中国年轻男性中将有1人死于吸烟。

本研究的主要作者之一、中国医学科学院李立明教授说：“如果没有快速、专注和广泛的降低人群吸烟率的行动，中国将面临巨大的过早死亡人数。”

杨功焕认为，近年来中国控烟的进步很大，但还有很长的路要走。“应该让烟草专卖局退出控烟小组，如果它不在小组里，履约的这些措施不由它说了算，中国的控烟措施会进展得更快。不要让一个卖烟的来管控烟。”她说。

同时，杨功焕指出，在控烟的关键措施——烟草加税加价上，全世界平均烟税基本达到价格的65%，世界卫生组织推荐的烟税是价格的70%，而中国在今年5月调整后也只到55%左右；在广告方面，最新修改的广告法有很大进步，禁止在大众传媒和公共场所发布烟草广告，但还没有把赞助、促销包含进去，在其他法规中有待进一步完善；烟盒的设计也没有起到警示作用。此外，尽管北京已实行“史上最严”的公共场所禁烟令，但全国范围内的控烟立法还在进行中。

“另外，帮助吸烟者戒烟也是我们需要重点考虑的问题。”杨功焕说，现有的戒烟门诊效果不佳，前去戒烟的人很少，应将戒烟纳入基本医疗服务中。她透露，浙江省正在考虑做类似尝试。

 

[b4w]

应将戒烟纳入基本医疗服务中。

这句是什么意思？不要钱吗？中国没有全民医保吧。

 

[贵圈]

As many as seven million possible customers for legal weed in Canada as support hits new heights: Poll

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Ashley Csanady | November 9, 2015 12:57 PM ET
More from Ashley Csanady | @AshleyCsanady

Ryan Kang/ Associated PressA customer holds a sample bud of marijuana at Amazon Organics, a pot dispensary in Eugene, Ore., on Thursday, Oct. 1, 2015. A strong majority of Canadians would support legal, regulated weed sales in this country, according to a new poll.

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A legal marijuana industry in Canada would have between 6- and 7-million potential customers, an exclusive new poll has found — or about a third of the country’s adults.

A new Forum Research survey of 1,256 adults found 18 per cent of respondents had already used pot in the past year and another 13 per cent would if it were legal, for a combined 31 per cent of the adult population older than 18.

“The size of the market… should be good news for the potential industry players waiting to open shop here,” said Forum Research President Lorne Bozinoff in a release.

That adds up to huge economic potential for the marijuana industry, which is already worth between $80- and $100-million a year providing the substance to 45,000 or so medical pot users. Some industry analysts suggest the total possible market for legal weed in Canada could top $5 billion, the Financial Post reports.

Colorado, the first U.S. jurisdiction to fully legalize marijuana, has a population just under 5.4 million and government estimates suggest close to 700,000 of them are potential consumers of legal weed. Even with a market a tenth of the size of a potential one in Canada, that state sold more than 18 metric tonnes of pot in 2014, its first year of legalization. That netted US$63 million in tax revenue for the state and another US$13 million in licensing and fees on US$699 million in sales, according to Bloomberg. If Canada were to tax pot at a similar rate — Colorado charges a 15 per cent excise tax, a 10 per cent retail marijuana tax, in addition to 2.9 per cent state sales tax and any local sales taxes, which are 3.5 per cent in Denver — the potential government revenue, at either the federal or provincial level, approaches $1-billion a year.

And, as marijuana legalization becomes less a discussion and more a reality, more Canadians than ever approve of the idea. Liberal Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has made pot legalization and taxation a government priority, and voters responded to the idea. In June, Forum found 53 per cent of eligible voters said their vote could be swayed by pot policy. In August, it found 53 per cent supported legalization and taxation regimes, down slightly from the 55 per cent who supported the policy in March of this year.

Now, with legal weed in sight, 59 per cent of respondents to the poll earlier this month said they support Trudeau if he moved “to legalize, regulate and tax marijuana, restricting its sale to adults 18 and over.” That support also rests on sales running through government agencies — like Ontario’s LCBO but for pot — with 45 per cent preferring that model of delivery.

“Now that marijuana legalization is a likelihood rather than a vague promise, Canadians are considering the issue more closely than in the past. They are just as much in favour of legalization as they were before the election, if not more, but they want to see it strictly licensed and controlled, not grown in basements and sold in corner stores,” Bozinoff said.

Related

• Canada’s cheapest pot producer sees sunshine as the secret to dominating legalization era
• Saskatchewan man files human rights complaint after police shut down medical marijuana dispensary
• Jen Gerson: No, pot’s not legal yet. Put the bong down

Majority support remains consistent across demographics, though millennials and generation X remain the most stalwart believers in legal weed. A full 67 per cent of 18 to 34-year-olds said they support legalization and taxation, as did 64 per cent of 35 to 44 year olds. Half of seniors support the policy, with 50 per cent of those over 65 approving of the idea, while 52 per cent of 45 to 54-year-olds and 55 per cent of 55 to 64-year-olds are on board.

Atlantic Canada remains the strongest supporter of legalized pot at 75 per cent, with B.C. at 68 per cent and Alberta at 60 per cent. Support rests at about 55 per cent in Ontario and Quebec and falls to 53 per cent in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.

The poll is considered accurate by a margin of three per cent, 19 times out of twenty. However, that margin-of-error is larger for demographic and regional breakdowns, due to a smaller sample size.

 

[贵圈]

都是1/3，巧合。

 

[uglyducking]

另外1/3死于雾霾？

 

[cvictor]

还有三分之一是吸食大麻

 

[ccc]

中国吸烟人口比例是现在高还是过去高？

 

[jasminecold]

貌似年轻人中吸烟的越来越少了吧，空气污染致癌的倒是越来越多

 

[贵圈]

吸烟1.0的结果，将在吸烟2.0的人群中重现。如此而已。

 

[草头将军]

不吸也死？现在的烟民肯定低于1／3。起码我认识的人吸烟的不多

 

[贵圈]

去中国烟味就是国味。去俄国酒香是国香。回到加拿大无味无香。

 

[urus]

又来了！纯属吸烟跟健康的关系纯属忽悠。
@mimi_ge 早就明确指出，所谓吸烟危害健康根本就是一个以讹传讹的事情， 到现在为止也没有吸烟危害健康的直接证据。

Plus， 我从小就听说的：吸了一辈子烟的人， 死后解剖， 两个肺雪雪白， 就跟新生儿一样。

 

[贵圈]

听咪哥和熊猫哥的, 必须的. 你们两人呀.

又来了！纯属吸烟跟健康的关系纯属忽悠。
@mimi_ge 早就明确指出，所谓吸烟危害健康根本就是一个以讹传讹的事情， 到现在为止也没有吸烟危害健康的直接证据。

Plus， 我从小就听说的：吸了一辈子烟的人， 死后解剖， 两个肺雪雪白， 就跟新生儿一样。

 

[zeus190]

我也是专家：据研究吸烟人群死亡年龄大多数为65至95岁之间。。。。