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世界在变，而观念没有跟上变化。
Study Shows Public Help Racial Bias On The Right -- And Left
Erik Sherman ,
CONTRIBUTOR
I cover business, personal finance, careers, and the economy.
Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own.
Rev. Randy Barge addresses a group of protesters with the Philadelphia Unemployment Project and others from the Occupy Philly encampment at City Hall, outside an office of the governor Thursday, Nov. 3, 2011, in Philadelphia. Protesters called for state officials to re-establish the Homeowners Emergency Mortgage Assistance Program. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)
Racism exhibited by many Trump supporters has become common fodder for media coverage. Some new research shows bias against blacks among Trump supporters when considering if people deserve and should receive public assistance. But the same data also shows reverse bias against whites — among whites. And when it comes to income inequality, it’s all bad news.
Three researchers from the University of Minnesota addressed the question of racism, political support, and mortgage assistance. Matthew Luttig, Christopher Federico, and Howard Lavine of the University of Minnesota wrote about their experiment in the Washington Post.:
But most of the evidence is observational, demonstrating a correlation between Trump support and animosity to minority groups. Those analyses don’t show that racial prejudice actually causes people to evaluate policies or make other political judgments differently.
In a new experiment, however, we provide some causal evidence. We show that white Trump supporters were more opposed to a mortgage assistance policy when they were experimentally induced to think of black rather than white Americans. Combined with the existing observational findings, this is strong evidence that racial animosity is indeed a key factor motivating Trump voters.
However, looking at the graphs of data they provided, there is an interesting phenomenon they didn’t discuss. By the same criteria they used to show white Trump supporters as exhibiting racial animosity, whites who opposed Trump were more opposed to a mortgage assistance policy when they were experimentally induced to think of white, rather than black, Americans.
The researchers ran an Internet-based survey run for the Center for the Study of Political Psychology at the University of Minnesota. People were asked their opinions about a mortgage relief program, a topic that had been controversial, and largely ineffective, after the financial crash.
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A picture of a white or black male accompanied the survey, without any specific attention brought to the picture or the racial identity. The researchers focused on 746 white respondents. The survey asked about the following conditions:
In the end, our experiment shows that white Trump supporters are more likely to oppose government assistance when they are subtly led to think of African Americans rather than whites. Moreover, the prospect of such assistance makes them angrier and more likely to “blame the victim” when they have African Americans in mind. It appears clear that Trump’s supporters are driven, at least in part, by a distinctive pattern of racial animosity.
But among whites who opposed Trump, support of assistance and beneficiaries was higher when the face was that of a black man rather than a white man. Although the baselines of attitudes were different — which might well represent a philosophical and general attitudinal difference toward the provision of government assistance — the differences based on race were about the same, from 6 to 11 percentage points, only in the opposite direction.
In other words, the very same data should lead to the conclusion that those who oppose Trump are more likely to show racial animosity when they are led to think of whites when considering government assistance.
That is disturbing given that the majority of people who need assistance are white. The results could be explained a few ways. One is a paternalistic infantilism of those who aren’t white by the assumption non-whites automatically need help more than white people should. It could be that the group opposing Trump assumes white people are always in a better economic situation and so aren’t deserving. Or it might be a variation on historical class bias that remains pervasive today. Whatever the reason, the implications for creating and gaining support for public policy could be significant.
Study Shows Public Help Racial Bias On The Right -- And Left
Erik Sherman ,
CONTRIBUTOR
I cover business, personal finance, careers, and the economy.
Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own.
Rev. Randy Barge addresses a group of protesters with the Philadelphia Unemployment Project and others from the Occupy Philly encampment at City Hall, outside an office of the governor Thursday, Nov. 3, 2011, in Philadelphia. Protesters called for state officials to re-establish the Homeowners Emergency Mortgage Assistance Program. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)
Racism exhibited by many Trump supporters has become common fodder for media coverage. Some new research shows bias against blacks among Trump supporters when considering if people deserve and should receive public assistance. But the same data also shows reverse bias against whites — among whites. And when it comes to income inequality, it’s all bad news.
Three researchers from the University of Minnesota addressed the question of racism, political support, and mortgage assistance. Matthew Luttig, Christopher Federico, and Howard Lavine of the University of Minnesota wrote about their experiment in the Washington Post.:
But most of the evidence is observational, demonstrating a correlation between Trump support and animosity to minority groups. Those analyses don’t show that racial prejudice actually causes people to evaluate policies or make other political judgments differently.
In a new experiment, however, we provide some causal evidence. We show that white Trump supporters were more opposed to a mortgage assistance policy when they were experimentally induced to think of black rather than white Americans. Combined with the existing observational findings, this is strong evidence that racial animosity is indeed a key factor motivating Trump voters.
However, looking at the graphs of data they provided, there is an interesting phenomenon they didn’t discuss. By the same criteria they used to show white Trump supporters as exhibiting racial animosity, whites who opposed Trump were more opposed to a mortgage assistance policy when they were experimentally induced to think of white, rather than black, Americans.
The researchers ran an Internet-based survey run for the Center for the Study of Political Psychology at the University of Minnesota. People were asked their opinions about a mortgage relief program, a topic that had been controversial, and largely ineffective, after the financial crash.
Recommended by Forbes
MOST POPULAR
Photos: The Richest Person In Every State
No -- I Won't Recommend You For A Job In My Company
A picture of a white or black male accompanied the survey, without any specific attention brought to the picture or the racial identity. The researchers focused on 746 white respondents. The survey asked about the following conditions:
- Did the respondent oppose assistance?
- Was the respondent angry about assistance?
- Did the respondent blame the beneficiaries for their situation?
In the end, our experiment shows that white Trump supporters are more likely to oppose government assistance when they are subtly led to think of African Americans rather than whites. Moreover, the prospect of such assistance makes them angrier and more likely to “blame the victim” when they have African Americans in mind. It appears clear that Trump’s supporters are driven, at least in part, by a distinctive pattern of racial animosity.
But among whites who opposed Trump, support of assistance and beneficiaries was higher when the face was that of a black man rather than a white man. Although the baselines of attitudes were different — which might well represent a philosophical and general attitudinal difference toward the provision of government assistance — the differences based on race were about the same, from 6 to 11 percentage points, only in the opposite direction.
In other words, the very same data should lead to the conclusion that those who oppose Trump are more likely to show racial animosity when they are led to think of whites when considering government assistance.
That is disturbing given that the majority of people who need assistance are white. The results could be explained a few ways. One is a paternalistic infantilism of those who aren’t white by the assumption non-whites automatically need help more than white people should. It could be that the group opposing Trump assumes white people are always in a better economic situation and so aren’t deserving. Or it might be a variation on historical class bias that remains pervasive today. Whatever the reason, the implications for creating and gaining support for public policy could be significant.
