加拿大全民医疗卫生系统的由来

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Douglas#Medicare

Medicare
Douglas's number one concern was the creation of Medicare. He introduced medical insurance reform in his first term, and gradually moved the province towards universal medicare near the end of his last term. In the summer of 1962, Saskatchewan became the centre of a hard-fought struggle between the provincial government, the North American medical establishment, and the province's physicians, who brought things to a halt with the 1962 Saskatchewan doctors' strike. The doctors believed their best interests were not being met and feared a significant loss of income as well as government interference in medical care decisions even though Douglas agreed that his government would pay the going rate for service that doctors charged. The medical establishment claimed that Douglas would import foreign doctors to make his plan work and used racist images to try to scare the public.[34]

Douglas is widely known as the father of Medicare, but the Saskatchewan universal program was finally launched by his successor, Woodrow Lloyd, in 1962. Douglas stepped down as premier and as a member of the legislature the previous year, to lead the newly formed federal successor to the CCF, the New Democratic Party of Canada (NDP).[35]

The success of the province's public health care program was not lost on the federal government. Another Saskatchewan politician, newly elected Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, decreed in 1958 that any province seeking to introduce a hospital plan would receive 50 cents on the dollar from the federal government. In 1962, Diefenbaker appointed Justice Emmett Hall—also of Saskatchewan, a noted jurist and Supreme Court Justice—to Chair a Royal Commission on the national health system—the Royal Commission on Health Services. In 1964, Justice Hall recommended a nationwide adoption of Saskatchewan's model of public health insurance. In 1966, the Liberal minority government of Lester B. Pearson created such a program, with the federal government paying 50% of the costs and the provinces the other half. So, the adoption of health care across Canada ended up being the work of three men with diverse political ideals - Tommy Douglas, John Diefenbaker and Lester Pearson.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Canada


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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_Health_Act

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Tommy Douglas - NDP, the father of Medicare in Canada


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John Diefenbaker - (Progressive) Conservative


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Lester Pearson - Liberal
 
中国男子因外遇染艾滋申请加拿大移民被拒 法院翻案


中国侨网
9小时前
中国侨网1月16日电 据加拿大《星岛日报》报道,有华人申请中国父母到加拿大团聚,但由于父亲被发现染上艾滋病,他的申请被拒,移民上诉仲裁庭(Immigration Appeal Division,IAD)审裁官去年驳回有关上诉时,更谴责申请人父亲因有外遇染上艾滋病是“道德标准宽松”(loose morals)。最终加拿大联邦法院要求仲裁庭重审案件,并斥责审裁官审理上诉时充当“道德警察”,强调当事人的道德品格与团聚申请毫无关联。

当事人为一化名A.B.的62岁中国籍男子,他的两名女儿拥有加拿大国籍,正居住渥太华,其中一名女儿于2009年申请A.B.及母亲来加拿大团聚,但A.B.接受身体检查时被证实对艾滋病毒HIV呈阳性反应,移民部官员逐于2013年通知申请人,A.B.的身体状况可能增加加拿大医疗系统压力。虽然申请人回复指愿意承担A.B.的艾滋病医药费,同时要求以人道理由接纳申请,但移民部仍于2014年否决A.B。的来加拿大与女儿团聚。

申请人于是把这个案子上诉至加拿大移民及难民局(IRB)辖下的移民上诉仲裁庭,IAD审裁官斯特林 (Michael Sterlin)在裁决中称:“这名病人道德标准宽松,是通过性接触感染艾滋病的关键原因,事实上这名父亲确实是因为外遇而染上艾滋病。特别值得注意的是,这名父亲要到审裁小组直接询问染病原因才从实招来。”

斯特林又指A.B.是“冒着婚姻告终的风险而发展外遇”,情况足以令审裁小组反感:“这名父亲因为外遇而染上艾滋病实属不幸,但必须重申这是他要自行承担的风险,虽然染病并非必然,但这是可预期的结果。”

联邦法院到最近推翻IAD的裁决,并要求IAD重审申请,同时谴责斯特林在审理申请时充当“道德警察”,但斯特林本人早于审理此案后的去年6月离职。联邦法官艾哈迈德(Shirzad Ahmed)在裁决时指:“A.B.感染艾滋病毒的因由,乃至任何与他道德品格相关的问题,与当局处理这宗家庭团聚申请根本毫无关联。”

运营人员: 魏宇波 MX008
 
抄袭英国的,英国的全民医疗范围更广,有工签的人也包括,中国的访问学者的家属都包括,
 
看看 universal pharmacare 什么时候可以搞起来?
 
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