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Back in February 1997, new measures were announced aimed at keeping tourists and other people who had no business being on Parliament Hill from parking near the Centre Block.
A week earlier, a Jeep had crashed right into the doors of the House of Commons. The plans were aimed not only at making Parliament Hill a more pleasant place for pedestrians, but also at reducing the chances of a terrorist attack. In the words of Robert Marleau, then the clerk of the House of Commons, the safety measures were “soft on people, hard on cars.”
More than 20 years ago, security experts were already painfully aware that vehicles, whether carrying explosives or not, could be lethal in a crowd.
“Soft on people, hard on cars” is still the mantra.
The “hostile vehicle attack” in Toronto this week was the 11th worldwide in the last two years to incur mass casualties. Security experts are grappling with ideas to make public spaces open and friendly to people, while discouraging random attacks. Good design creates barriers between vehicles and people. At their best, well-designed barriers can act like boulders in a stream, funneling people and vehicles away from one another in subtle but effective ways.
A woman prays on April 24, 2018 at a makeshift memorial for victims in the van attack in Toronto, Ontario. A van driver who ran over 10 people when he plowed onto a busy Toronto sidewalk was charged with murder Tuesday.But in the end, security experts say, the most effect way to prevent danger is to make people aware that they are responsible for flagging anything unusual or threatening, whether it’s a Facebook post or an unattended package.
The public needs to be alert, but not alarmed, said Pierre-Yves Bourduas, a former deputy RCMP commissioner who is now president of P-Y Public Safety Management Inc.
“I call it the art of public safety. If you are alert to your environment, you’re looking, you’re observing. If you see something, you say something. If people lock themselves in their houses, it defeats the purpose.”
In Ottawa, the most visible sign that things had changed after the Sept. 11 attacks in the U.S. were the concrete barriers that were erected outside the U.S. embassy, later replaced by bollards. Parts of Ottawa’s downtown core have also evolved in a way that takes public security into account in far less obvious ways.
Bourduas points to the space between Ottawa city hall and the courthouse, as an example. It provides a path for pedestrians between Lisgar Street and Laurier Avenue. Slightly curved, and lined with benches, lamp posts, trees and sculptures, it is pleasant for people on foot, and obviously forbidding to vehicles.
His eye for security has also picked out potential trouble spots for a random attack in Ottawa. The number of people waiting for buses at specific downtown intersections at rush hour could be attractive to someone with harmful intent. The opening of the LRT will make Ottawa safer, he said.
Bourduas points to the Times Square reconstruction, rebuilt by the architecture firm Snøhetta between 2010 and 2017, as an example of urban design with security in mind. The reconstruction has transformed a congested intersection into a European-style plaza with about a hectare of space accessible only to pedestrians. The design includes five different types of sleek, long granite benches, designed to act like rocks in a stream.
New York Mayor Bill de Blasio(C) makes an announcement during a press conference in Times Square on January 2, 2018 about new barriers to prevent terror attacks and safeguard sidewalks and plazas from vehicles, alongside NYPD Police Commissioner James O’Neill and New York City Department of Transportation Commissioner Polly Trottenberg.
Public art, street furniture and other installations, such as large concrete planters, can also serve as subtle deterrents to hostile vehicle attacks. In Ottawa, a good example of public art that served as a deterrent is the Stanley Cup sculpture on Sparks Street near Elgin Street. It’s a piece of popular artwork, but at the same time, it acts as a visual barrier to the pedestrian mall.
Jon Coaffee, a professor of urban geography at the University of Warwick and director of the Resilient Cities Laboratory, points to the British soccer club Arsenal’s stadium in north London as an example of preventative landscaping. The stadium is surrounded by giant cannons — symbols of the team — concrete benches and huge concrete letters spelling out the team’s name. The design has been lauded as a model for incorporating “vehicle exclusion” security into its landscaping. The concrete letters act as bollards and they’re big enough and strong enough to stop a seven-tonne truck, the size of an average commercial delivery truck.
Public artwork can be used as a “hostile vehicle mitigation” strategy. Here’s an example from a soccer stadium in north London. Source: Professor Jon Coaffee Resilient Cities Lab, Dept of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, UK
The NYPD recommended including steel bollards, designed to withstand a collision from a vehicle traveling 50 kilometres an hour, in the Times Square redesign. The bollards were credited with minimizing fatalities in May 2017 when a car jumped the curb near 42nd Street and Seventh Avenue and barrelled down the sidewalk, killing one person and injuring 22. In January, New York Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that more than one thousand similar bollards will be installed in New York to protect pedestrians.
Bollards are effective, but they can’t be everywhere, Bourduas said. “Criminals and terrorists adapt to the environment,” he said. “They go where their chance of success is heightened.”
It’s impossible to prevent hostile vehicle attacks as long as there are open roadways with pedestrians walking alongside them, said Senator Vern White. White was Ottawa police chief between 2007 and 2012 and is now co-chair of the committee that oversees security in the parliamentary precinct.
It is also important to put these attacks into the context of real risk, he noted.
“We simply can’t put up concrete barriers between every roadway and every sidewalk,” he said. “You’re more likely to be shot by a stray bullet. We have had three record years for the number of shootings.”
And while surveillance is becoming increasingly sophisticated, it not necessarily the answer to safer public spaces, Bourduas and White agree.
Facial recognition technology may help, but it is only effective if an individual is known to police, Borduas said. In July 2016, a cargo truck slammed into crowds celebrating Bastille Day in Nice, France, killing 86 people and injuring more than 450 others.
People lay tributes to the victims of a terror attack on the Promenade des Anglais on July 15, 2016 in Nice, France. A French-Tunisian attacker killed 84 people as he drove a lorry through crowds, gathered to watch a firework display during Bastille Day Celebrations. The attacker then opened fire on people in the crowd before being shot dead by police.
“There was great footage after the fact,” he said.
“We need to have the right people monitoring those camera, or they simply provide evidence for a conviction,” White said. “London has more cameras than any city in the world. They’re not necessarily effective.”
White sees intelligence-gathering as an important tool, one that relies on people being aware of their surroundings and sharing what they see. Something can only be a secret if less than two people know about it, he points out. Individuals, he says, “need to take some level of responsibility.”
People who notice anything unusual are now more likely to do something about it, Bourduas said. He was recently downtown when he noticed an unattended bag on the street. Another man also noticed the mystery package and immediately called out: “Whose bag is this?” prompting the owner to step forward. It shows that people are more aware of suspicious circumstances.
“The public is keenly aware of what has happened in the world in the past five years. They are more understanding of security measures, like airports. They are willing to accept that they have to lost a bit of their freedom,” he said.
“We need to find a sweet spot between having enough security, but not too much.”
Parliament Hill is far more security-conscious now than it has been in the past, but people are still doing yoga on the lawn, he said. “Do we want an American model? We have to make a decision. Do we want a fortress? We have to find a sweet spot.”
Yoga on the Hill
This week marked a good example of keeping Parliament Hill accessible but still safe, White said. The 103rd anniversary of the Armenian genocide on Tuesday attracted hundreds of Armenian protesters who were separated from a group of Turkish counter-protesters by portable metal barricades. No one was hurt, and no one was denied access to Parliament Hill.
“That’s the kind of design I would like to see,” White said.
Bourduas was in Munich , Germany, recently and noticed a concert in large city square has attracted hundreds of people. The Germans have good reason to be aware of the dangers of hostile vehicles after an attack in Berlin targeted visitors at a busy Christmas market in 2016 killing 12 people and leaving 56 injured. The concert in Munich, however, was blocked off by simple wooden barriers, he noted.
“The public needs to be aware, but also go about their business and go about their lives,” he says. “We will continue to enjoy our lives and enjoy outdoor concerts. ”
查看原文...
A week earlier, a Jeep had crashed right into the doors of the House of Commons. The plans were aimed not only at making Parliament Hill a more pleasant place for pedestrians, but also at reducing the chances of a terrorist attack. In the words of Robert Marleau, then the clerk of the House of Commons, the safety measures were “soft on people, hard on cars.”
More than 20 years ago, security experts were already painfully aware that vehicles, whether carrying explosives or not, could be lethal in a crowd.
“Soft on people, hard on cars” is still the mantra.
The “hostile vehicle attack” in Toronto this week was the 11th worldwide in the last two years to incur mass casualties. Security experts are grappling with ideas to make public spaces open and friendly to people, while discouraging random attacks. Good design creates barriers between vehicles and people. At their best, well-designed barriers can act like boulders in a stream, funneling people and vehicles away from one another in subtle but effective ways.
A woman prays on April 24, 2018 at a makeshift memorial for victims in the van attack in Toronto, Ontario. A van driver who ran over 10 people when he plowed onto a busy Toronto sidewalk was charged with murder Tuesday.But in the end, security experts say, the most effect way to prevent danger is to make people aware that they are responsible for flagging anything unusual or threatening, whether it’s a Facebook post or an unattended package.
The public needs to be alert, but not alarmed, said Pierre-Yves Bourduas, a former deputy RCMP commissioner who is now president of P-Y Public Safety Management Inc.
“I call it the art of public safety. If you are alert to your environment, you’re looking, you’re observing. If you see something, you say something. If people lock themselves in their houses, it defeats the purpose.”
In Ottawa, the most visible sign that things had changed after the Sept. 11 attacks in the U.S. were the concrete barriers that were erected outside the U.S. embassy, later replaced by bollards. Parts of Ottawa’s downtown core have also evolved in a way that takes public security into account in far less obvious ways.
Bourduas points to the space between Ottawa city hall and the courthouse, as an example. It provides a path for pedestrians between Lisgar Street and Laurier Avenue. Slightly curved, and lined with benches, lamp posts, trees and sculptures, it is pleasant for people on foot, and obviously forbidding to vehicles.
His eye for security has also picked out potential trouble spots for a random attack in Ottawa. The number of people waiting for buses at specific downtown intersections at rush hour could be attractive to someone with harmful intent. The opening of the LRT will make Ottawa safer, he said.
Bourduas points to the Times Square reconstruction, rebuilt by the architecture firm Snøhetta between 2010 and 2017, as an example of urban design with security in mind. The reconstruction has transformed a congested intersection into a European-style plaza with about a hectare of space accessible only to pedestrians. The design includes five different types of sleek, long granite benches, designed to act like rocks in a stream.
New York Mayor Bill de Blasio(C) makes an announcement during a press conference in Times Square on January 2, 2018 about new barriers to prevent terror attacks and safeguard sidewalks and plazas from vehicles, alongside NYPD Police Commissioner James O’Neill and New York City Department of Transportation Commissioner Polly Trottenberg.
Public art, street furniture and other installations, such as large concrete planters, can also serve as subtle deterrents to hostile vehicle attacks. In Ottawa, a good example of public art that served as a deterrent is the Stanley Cup sculpture on Sparks Street near Elgin Street. It’s a piece of popular artwork, but at the same time, it acts as a visual barrier to the pedestrian mall.
Jon Coaffee, a professor of urban geography at the University of Warwick and director of the Resilient Cities Laboratory, points to the British soccer club Arsenal’s stadium in north London as an example of preventative landscaping. The stadium is surrounded by giant cannons — symbols of the team — concrete benches and huge concrete letters spelling out the team’s name. The design has been lauded as a model for incorporating “vehicle exclusion” security into its landscaping. The concrete letters act as bollards and they’re big enough and strong enough to stop a seven-tonne truck, the size of an average commercial delivery truck.
Public artwork can be used as a “hostile vehicle mitigation” strategy. Here’s an example from a soccer stadium in north London. Source: Professor Jon Coaffee Resilient Cities Lab, Dept of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, UK
The NYPD recommended including steel bollards, designed to withstand a collision from a vehicle traveling 50 kilometres an hour, in the Times Square redesign. The bollards were credited with minimizing fatalities in May 2017 when a car jumped the curb near 42nd Street and Seventh Avenue and barrelled down the sidewalk, killing one person and injuring 22. In January, New York Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that more than one thousand similar bollards will be installed in New York to protect pedestrians.
Bollards are effective, but they can’t be everywhere, Bourduas said. “Criminals and terrorists adapt to the environment,” he said. “They go where their chance of success is heightened.”
It’s impossible to prevent hostile vehicle attacks as long as there are open roadways with pedestrians walking alongside them, said Senator Vern White. White was Ottawa police chief between 2007 and 2012 and is now co-chair of the committee that oversees security in the parliamentary precinct.
It is also important to put these attacks into the context of real risk, he noted.
“We simply can’t put up concrete barriers between every roadway and every sidewalk,” he said. “You’re more likely to be shot by a stray bullet. We have had three record years for the number of shootings.”
And while surveillance is becoming increasingly sophisticated, it not necessarily the answer to safer public spaces, Bourduas and White agree.
Facial recognition technology may help, but it is only effective if an individual is known to police, Borduas said. In July 2016, a cargo truck slammed into crowds celebrating Bastille Day in Nice, France, killing 86 people and injuring more than 450 others.
People lay tributes to the victims of a terror attack on the Promenade des Anglais on July 15, 2016 in Nice, France. A French-Tunisian attacker killed 84 people as he drove a lorry through crowds, gathered to watch a firework display during Bastille Day Celebrations. The attacker then opened fire on people in the crowd before being shot dead by police.
“There was great footage after the fact,” he said.
“We need to have the right people monitoring those camera, or they simply provide evidence for a conviction,” White said. “London has more cameras than any city in the world. They’re not necessarily effective.”
White sees intelligence-gathering as an important tool, one that relies on people being aware of their surroundings and sharing what they see. Something can only be a secret if less than two people know about it, he points out. Individuals, he says, “need to take some level of responsibility.”
People who notice anything unusual are now more likely to do something about it, Bourduas said. He was recently downtown when he noticed an unattended bag on the street. Another man also noticed the mystery package and immediately called out: “Whose bag is this?” prompting the owner to step forward. It shows that people are more aware of suspicious circumstances.
“The public is keenly aware of what has happened in the world in the past five years. They are more understanding of security measures, like airports. They are willing to accept that they have to lost a bit of their freedom,” he said.
“We need to find a sweet spot between having enough security, but not too much.”
Parliament Hill is far more security-conscious now than it has been in the past, but people are still doing yoga on the lawn, he said. “Do we want an American model? We have to make a decision. Do we want a fortress? We have to find a sweet spot.”
Yoga on the Hill
This week marked a good example of keeping Parliament Hill accessible but still safe, White said. The 103rd anniversary of the Armenian genocide on Tuesday attracted hundreds of Armenian protesters who were separated from a group of Turkish counter-protesters by portable metal barricades. No one was hurt, and no one was denied access to Parliament Hill.
“That’s the kind of design I would like to see,” White said.
Bourduas was in Munich , Germany, recently and noticed a concert in large city square has attracted hundreds of people. The Germans have good reason to be aware of the dangers of hostile vehicles after an attack in Berlin targeted visitors at a busy Christmas market in 2016 killing 12 people and leaving 56 injured. The concert in Munich, however, was blocked off by simple wooden barriers, he noted.
“The public needs to be aware, but also go about their business and go about their lives,” he says. “We will continue to enjoy our lives and enjoy outdoor concerts. ”
查看原文...
