肾

[chengse]

Twitter新规禁止发布非人化贬低言论
1 月光博客 / by 月光 (williamlong)
/ 17 hours ago




Twitter最近发布了一项新的审核政策，明令禁止在平台上发布非人化贬低言论。非人化指的是不把他人视为人类、诋毁他人不如人类的言论，比如将某一类人比作畜生或病毒，或以生殖器官贬低对方等。

在周二早上发布的博文中，公司主管德尔·哈维（Del Harvey）与维哈雅·盖得（Vijaya Gadde）将提议的政策描述为持续促进Twitter平台上健康交流，并减少因平台沟通在现实世界中造成危害之努力的一部分。

“诋毁某人畜生不如的言论会对平台服务造成影响，包括使严重暴力行为成为常态，”博文里写道。

一旦新的政策生效，Twitter的政策规则中将加入以下新条款：“您不可针对任何可识别群体中的任何成员发表非人化言论，以免该言论导致线下伤害。”政策随后又定义了“非人化”：

非人化：不把他人视为人类、诋毁他人不如人类的言论。否认他人的人类特质（比喻为畜生的非人化）或否认他人的人类本质（机械非人化）时，即发生非人化。以下例子均可视为非人化，比如将某一类人比作畜生或病毒，或以生殖器官贬低对方等。

可识别群体：任何可以通过其共同特征（如种族、民族、国籍、性取向、性别、性别认同、宗教信仰、年龄、残疾、严重疾病、职业、政治信仰、地域或社会习俗等）区分识别的群体。

博文还指出，新的规定与更为常见的针对仇恨言论或种族主义的规定有部分的重叠，但后一类规则多适用于所有群体，而非适用于受保护的特殊群体。

以往，Facebook因为规则不够严厉而备受批评，因为他们的规则只有在单独处理种族问题时才将此类种族主义言论视为不恰当。在由此产生的规则下，稍加修饰即可生产漏洞，导致针对黑人儿童的言论依旧存在但针对白人男性的言论却被禁止。一个明确禁止非人化言论的政策也还可以解决社交网络助长种族暴力的情况，比如发生在缅甸、斯里兰卡和其他国家的一些种族暴力。WhatsApp最近聘请了数千名非正式审查员来改进内容审核，但其并未改进针对可接受言论的政策规定。

在规则生效之前，Twitter为该规则预留了一段公开评论期，这种做法与美国联邦政策制定流程有些许相似。对新规则有看法或顾虑的用户可以提交他们的问题或“有助于健康交流但可能违反本政策的言论示例”。公开评论期将一直持续到10月9日早上。

 

[chengse]

THE DISTRACTED BOYFRIEND MEME IS OFFICIALLY SEXIST
By Natasha Frost6 hours ago


You know the meme. A man is walking through a city hand-in-hand with his girlfriend—but another woman has caught his attention, and his girlfriend’s not very pleased.

The Distracted Boyfriend meme has all but taken over the internet since it first appeared in early 2017, when a Turkish Facebook page, entitled Great Comebacks to People Who Don’t Like Prog-Rock, posted the very first known version. The poster took photographer Antonio Guillem’s stock image and used it to make fun of Phil Collins’ pivot to pop. Since then, the image has proven to be a versatile source of commentary on topics ranging from 2017’s solar eclipse to the appeal of socialism for younger generations. In April, it was named meme of the year.

Versatile it may be—but the meme is also decidedly sexist. That’s the ruling of Sweden’s advertising ombudsman, after the internet services provider Bahnhof used the meme in a recruitment ad. (You’re the man, Bahnhof’s the lady in the red, and “your current workplace” is the disgruntled girlfriend.)


According to the Local, the ombudsman claimed that the advertisement objectified women: “It presents women as interchangeable items and suggests only their appearance is interesting… It also shows degrading stereotypical gender roles of both men and women and gives the impression men can change female partners as they change jobs.”

In an explanation so straightforward you’ll wonder why you didn’t think of it earlier, the ombudsman said that the image portrayed the two women as objects, and the man as an individual person with agency. More than, the “other woman” was clearly a “sex object … unrelated to the advertisement, which is for recruiting salespeople, operating engineers and a web designer.”

On their Facebook page, Bahnhof all but told the ombudsman lighten up. It was a “tired old meme,” they said, in which “gender [was] irrelevant.” And finding it sexist revealed only that the ombudsman didn’t “get” meme culture.

But a trope can be both hackneyed and offensive. Many commentators have spoken out and written about the racist implications of white people using memes and gifs of black people, saying that it functions as a kind of digital blackface. And it’s probably not surprising that the memes that rise out from the dankest, and most masculine, corners of the internet often have sexism at their core, from riffs on “gurl gamers,” who play games only to attract men, to the “make me a sandwich” trope. Even the wide-eyed stare of Overly Attached Girlfriend plays into stereotypes about bunny-boiling ladies who just can’t give their boyfriend a bit of space.

There won’t be consequences for Bahnhof. The Swedish advertising industry regulates itself—no matter how harmful the ombudsman thinks an ad is, it doesn’t have the power to impose any sanctions. But as the Guardian reports, the damage may have already been done. Around 1,000 comments on the image called the company out for their sexism, with one commenter writing, “You really don’t want to attract women to your company.” Another observed that Bahnhof was “clearly not a workplace for any woman who wants to be taken seriously in her work.” Perhaps a more fitting meme for the company would have been Scumbag Steve.