祖師的故事 - 菩提達摩祖師（中英‧圖文）

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我本來茲土　傳法度迷情
一華開五葉　結果自然成


我常對你們講，達摩祖師到中國時，那真是啊！很不容易教化中國人。

Originally I came to this land To transmit Dharma and save deluded beings.
One flower, blooming with five petals, Will bear fruit naturally.

I have often told you that when Patriarch Bodhidharma first went to China, he found it truly difficult to convert the Chinese people.
 
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達摩祖師　西來震旦

菩提達摩，菩提是覺，達摩是法。他是印度第二十八代祖師，可是他為什麼不在那兒做祖師，而跑到中國來？因為以前佛陀曾經說過，到第二十八代的時候，大乘佛法應該傳到震旦，震旦就是中國。

所以達摩祖師就由印度坐船到中國來了。

Patriarch Bodhidharma
Comes from the West to China

Bodhidharma--"Bodhi" meaning enlightened and "Dharma" meaning the teachings--was the Twenty-Eighth Patriarch in India. Why didn't he stay in India and be a Patriarch there? Why did he go to China? Well, previously Shakyamuni Buddha made a prediction that from the Twenty-eighth Patriarch on, the Great Vehicle teaching should go to China. Thus it happened that Patriarch Bodhidharma sailed from India to China.
 
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中國佛法　似有似無


當時中國的佛法似有似無，好像有佛法，又好像沒有佛法。為什麼這麼說？因為當時雖有佛法，但只是在那兒做表面工作，誦經呀、研究經典呀、講經呀，甚至於連拜懺都沒有；當時一般的學者就這麼拿著佛法當學問來討論研究。

但是經典所說的道理是應該修行的，可是沒什麼人修行。為什麼沒有人修行？就因為都怕苦；沒有什麼人真正打坐。除了當時有一位誌公祖師是參禪打坐的，也是得五眼的外；一般人都怕苦，不修行，沒有認真去參禪打坐。也就好像現在你們一樣，坐在那兒，等一等腿痛了，就想把腿伸開搖搖晃晃地磨擦一下。因為人都是人嘛！都怕吃苦，當時就有這種情形，和現在差不多。這叫似有佛法而沒有佛法，似有似無。


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Buddhism Seems to Be in China,


Yet It Really Is Not


At that time, the Buddhadharma seemed to exist in China, but it really did not. It was as if it were and yet weren't there. That is because the work being done was superficial. There were few who recited Sutras, investigated the Sutra texts, or explained the Sutras, and virtually no one bowed repentance ceremonies. Ordinary scholars regarded Buddhism as a field of study and engaged in debates and discussions about it. But the principles in the Sutras should be cultivated! However, nobody was cultivating. Why not?

People were afraid of suffering. No one truly meditated. Well, there was Venerable Patriarch Zhi, who practiced meditation and attained the Five Eyes. But most people feared suffering and didn't cultivate. No one seriously investigated Chan and sat in meditation, just like you people now who sit in meditation for a while until your legs begin to hurt. When their legs began to ache, they would wince and fidget and then gently unbend and rub them. People are just people and everyone avoids suffering as much as possible. That's the way it was then; that's the way it is now. That's called Buddhadharma seeming to be there but not really being there.
 
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徒弟先來　處處碰壁

在達摩祖師沒有到中國以前，他派過兩個徒弟到中國來；孰不知到中國，受了很大的氣，被人欺負。他這兩個徒弟都是印度人，一個叫佛馱，一個叫耶舍，他們到中國傳頓教法門，也就是不立文字，見性成佛的禪宗法門。

那時中國也有一個印度和尚叫菩提流支，這個和尚一看，又來了兩個和尚是講禪宗的。禪宗是大乘佛法，而他是講三藏的，是小乘法。這時候菩提流支就聯合所有的和尚默擯他們。默擯──就是不和他們講話，你講什麼，也沒有人聽。所以無論到什麼地方講，人家都不睬他們，這麼一來，他們自己也覺得沒意思，就走了。達摩祖師這兩個徒弟就這樣由西京長安那個地方硬給趕走了。

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When the Disciples First Came,


They Met with Difficulty Before Patriarch Bodhidharma himself went to China, he sent two of his disciples there first. Who would have thought that when they got to China they would be totally ostracized and bullied?

Those two disciples, named Fo Tuo and Ye She, were Indians who went to China to transmit the Sudden Teaching Dharma Door of the Chan School that advocates seeing the nature and becoming a Buddha, and which does not abide in language.

At that time in China another Indian monk named Bodhiruchi was aware that these two monks had also come from India to explain the Chan School. Chan belongs to the Great Vehicle Teaching, but Bodhiruchi explained the Tripitaka Teaching, which belongs to the Small Vehicle.

For that reason, Bodhiruchi got all other monks to join together to ostricize these two Indian monks. No matter what they said, no one would listen. No matter where they went, everyone ignored them. Deciding that the situation was meaningless, they left. That is how these two disciples of Patriarch Bodhidharma came to leave the western capital of Changan.
 
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手做拳頭　拳頭做手

這一走，就走到廬山，廬山那時有位慧遠法師，是講念佛的，專門念佛。他們去見遠公大師，大師說：「你們兩位是印度的和尚，傳的是什麼法？怎麼這些人都不理你們？」佛馱、耶舍這兩位法師就把手伸出來──因為大概只會很少的中國話，話也講不太通，所以就把手伸出來，說：「手做拳，拳做手，這快不快？」 遠公大師說：「很快！」 他說：「菩提、煩惱也是這麼快！」

遠公大師當時就開悟了：「哦！菩提、煩惱原來沒有分別！菩提就是煩惱，煩惱即菩提。」遠公大師明白了，就盡心供養他們兩位。沒多久，兩人在同一天都死了，他們的墳墓，現在還在廬山那兒。 達摩祖師在印度，一聽說兩個徒弟被人欺負得這個樣子，以後也都死了。自己就想：「我去看一看！」於是就到中國來。 達摩祖師也是看中國的大乘根性成熟了，應該把大乘佛教帶到中國，所以就不怕路程遙遠及旅途的辛苦，來到中國。你說到了中國怎麼了呢？


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The Hand Makes a Fist;
The Fist Makes a Hand

On their way out they passed by Lu Mountain where they met the Great Master Zhiyuan (Huiyuan), who promoted the practice of reciting the Buddha's name. He himself recited the Buddha's name all the time. Well, they went to pay their respects to Great Master Yuan. Venerable Yuan said to them, "What Dharma do you two monks from India transmit that causes people to pay you so little respect?"

Fo Tuo and Ye She both extended their hands. They probably knew very little Chinese. Extending their hands, they said, "The hand makes a fist, and the fist makes a hand. Isn't that fast?"

Master Yuan replied, "Very fast!"

"Bodhi and affliction," they said, "are just that fast!"

At that moment, Great Master Yuan became enlightened and said, "Ah! Bodhi and affliction basically are not different! Bodhi is affliction and affliction is Bodhi." Having gained such an understanding, Great Master Yuan made abundant offerings to Fo Tuo and Ye She. Shortly thereafter, the two died on the same day, in the same place. Their graves may still be seen at Lu Mountain.

Back in India, when Patriarch Bodhidharma learned that his two disciples had been scorned and had both died, he thought, "I will go there myself to have a look." Thereupon he went to China.

Patriarch Bodhidharma saw that the roots of the Great Vehicle Buddhadharma were ripe in China and knew that he should take the Great Vehicle Dharma there. Fearing neither the distance nor the hardship of travel, he took the Dharma there. What do you suppose it was like when he arrived in China?
 
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初到廣州　人見畏之

達摩祖師先到廣州。廣州這些個小孩子，見到鬍子這麼邋遢的一個印度人，大家就好像看熱鬧似地圍著他。當時的中國人看不起外國人，叫印度人「摩羅剎」，說這是摩羅剎來了，摩羅剎和尚。喊著：「摩羅剎！摩羅剎！我把你皮扒。」要扒他的皮，你看！就這麼罵達摩祖師。 達摩祖師也不知他們說什麼，因為不會中國話；話也聽不懂，語言也不通，來到這兒想要和這些小孩子親近親近，嗐！這些小孩子，一見達摩祖師，就發狂似地各處跑，不敢接近這個摩羅剎。為什麼？看他那麼長的鬍子，就很害怕。


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Arriving First at Guangzhou,

He Is Feared by All Who See Him

Patriarch Bodhidharma went to Guangzhou first. When children there saw such a dark and bearded Indian, they surrounded him as if he were performing a street show. At that time the Chinese people were rather snobbish toward foreigners. They called Indians "Mo Luo Cha" (meaning devil, or devilish ghost). The Patriarch became Monk Mo Luo Cha. They even composed a rhyme that they chanted, "Devil! Devil! Skin you, I will." They wanted to skin him alive! See how Patriarch Bodhidharma was ridiculed and insulted?

However, Patriarch Bodhidharma could not understand what they were saying because he did not know Chinese. He didn't speak their language and couldn't communicate verbally with them. He wanted to befriend the children in that place, but as soon as they saw Patriarch Bodhidharma, they went crazy and scattered in all directions. They dared not to be near this Mo Luo Cha. Why? They were afraid of his long beard.
 
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受盡毀辱　難度老少

大人呢？一看小孩子跑了，就以為這個印度人是來抓小孩子的，所以就更不讓小孩子接近他了。你看！不要說是度大人，他連小孩子都度不到，沒有人敢接近他。到廣州是這樣，沒有什麼人認識這是一位祖師，所以在廣州也沒怎麼停留，就到了南京。這一路走到南京，沿途也有小孩子說：「喔！是個印度人！」就拿土塊打他。


Being Insulted Left and Right,

He Finds Both Adults and Children Difficult to Convert

When the adults saw that children ran away from him, they suspected this Indian was a kidnapper. So they bid their children to stay away from the Patriarch. He could not even convert children; how could he convert the grown-ups? No one dared to get close to him. That was the situation in Guangzhou; no one recognized that he was a patriarch. Consequently, he did not stay long in Guangzhou and moved on to Nanjing. While traveling on foot, he was also greeted by many children who yelled, "Ah! An Indian!" and threw clods of dirt at him.
 
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梁王武帝　炫示功德

達摩祖師最初從廣州到南京，便去度化梁武帝。梁武帝就問：「我這一輩子造了很多廟，度了很多和尚出家；又拿國家的錢，布施給所有的窮人，也供僧，打齋供眾。我這樣有什麼功德？」那時誰若出家，皇帝特別歡迎，什麼都供養你，吃的他也供著，住的他也供著；只要你出家，皇帝就供養你，恭敬你，向你叩頭。

梁武帝這個人，什麼都要第一的，所以一見達摩祖師，也不求法，儘想要達摩祖師來讚歎他一下，來給他戴幾頂高帽子。他怕達摩祖師不知道他造寺、度僧、布施、設齋的功德，不知道他這些好處，於是就自我介紹：「你看我，造了幾百處廟，又有這個廟，又有那個廟，所有的廟裏都住了很多和尚，這些和尚都是我一手成就他們出家的。我又做了多少布施，供養多少僧，你說我這功德怎麼樣啊？」這個意思就是自我介紹，自己說：「噢！你看我，我這個皇帝和其他皇帝是不一樣的；我這個皇帝是專門做好事的，做功德的。你說我有什麼功德呢？」他這不是想要求法了生死，是先要炫示炫示自己的功德。

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Emperor Wu of Liang


Boasts of His Own Merit and Virtue

When Patriarch Bodhidharma first arrived in Nanjing from Guangzhou, he went to convert Emperor Wu. Emperor Wu asked him, "In my whole life, I have built many temples, helped many people to leave the home-life, provided the needy with money from the national treasury, and also made vegetarian meal offerings to the Sangha. What merit and virtue have I created?" At that time, whoever left the home-life would be treated well by the Emperor, with everything including food, dwelling, and clothing provided for.

As long as you were a left home person, the emperor would make offerings to you, pay reverence to you, and bow to you. Emperor Wu was the kind of person who wanted to be number one in everything. That was why when he met Patriarch Bodhidharma, he didn't seek Dharma from him. Instead he was totally engrossed in how to win praise from the Patriarch. He wanted to inflate his ego. Concerned that the Patriarch might not know of the good deeds that he had done, such as building temples, converting monks, practicing giving, and making vegetarian meal offerings, he went ahead and pointed them out as he introduced himself to the Patriarch.

He said, "You see, I have built hundreds of temples. This one and that one all house many monks whom I helped to leave the home-life. The amount of giving I have done is not small and the number of monks I have provided for is not small. How much merit and virtue would you say I've amassed?" Basically, he was providing his own promotion campaign. He was saying, "Look at me! I am different from other emperors. I specialize in doing good deeds, creating merit and virtue. How much merit and virtue would you say I have?" He did not want to seek the Dharma for ending birth and death; instead, he wanted to boast of his own merit and virtue first.
 
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說有功德　實無功德

達摩祖師聽梁武帝這樣自我陶醉，自我介紹，自我炫示功德，自我賣廣告，自說自己有什麼什麼好處，自己讚歎自己。一般人聽皇帝這麼講，就會說：「啊！你有功德，你的功德真大！你的功德是世界上沒有的。」一般人會這麼講；可是，一個聖人怎麼會說這種拍馬屁的話？達摩是個祖師，怎麼會有這種阿諛奉承的行為？所以他一聽，就說：「實無功德！」實實在在沒有功德。

當時達摩祖師本來是預備救度梁武帝的，但是梁武帝也就因為自視太高──看自己是個皇帝，造了很多廟，度了很多僧，又布施了很多錢，又供養三寶，自認為已經有無量的功德了，而達摩祖師想破他這種執著，就說他沒有功德。

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Actually He Had No Merit and Virtue At All

Patriarch Bodhidharma listened to Emperor Wu of Liang praising himself as if drunk on his own ego, introducing himself, boasting of his merit and virtue, advertising for himself, calling attention to his own good points, and generally lauding himself. Most people, upon hearing the Emperor's comments, would have said, "Ah! Of course you have merit and virtue! You have tremendous merit and virtue! Your merit and virtue is out of this world!" That would be most people's response. Now I ask you, would a sage ever say things just to flatter someone? But Bodhidharma was a patriarch. How could he possibly flatter and fawn? And so he replied, "Actually you have no merit and virtue. In truth, no merit and virtue at all."

Patriarch Bodhidharma originally had gone there with the idea of saving Emperor Wu of Liang. However, Emperor Wu was too conceited; he had too high an opinion of himself. Being an emperor was already something, he thought. He had built many temples, enabled many people to leave home, given away a lot of money, and made a lot of offerings to the Triple Jewel. So, he thought he had created a tremendous amount of merit and virtue. Patriarch Bodhidharma, wanting to shatter the Emperor's attachment, said that he had no merit and virtue at all.
 
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當面錯過　不識祖師

那麼說他沒有功德不要緊，但梁武帝當時一聽這話，就不歡喜了，所以就不睬這個達摩，達摩祖師再講什麼法，他也不聽了：「我何必要聽你講呢！」梁武帝因為業障太重了，所以達摩祖師雖然是印度來的第一代祖師，可是他就當面錯過。中國人有句話說：「對面不識觀世音！」這梁武帝呢，他對面不識西來意，不認識西來的祖師。

達摩祖師為什麼要救他？因為達摩祖師知道梁武帝將有一種災難，就想令他覺悟──或者出家修行，或者把皇帝讓給旁人做，那麼他就可以免去餓死的災難。

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Meeting Face-to-Face, He Misses His Chance,Failing to Recognize the Patriarch

For the Patriarch to say he had no merit and virtue was one thing, but for Emperor Wu of Liang to hear that was another, for it made him quite unhappy. From then on, the Emperor ignored Patriarch Bodhidharma. No matter what Dharma the Patriarch spoke, the Emperor refused to listen. "Why should I listen to you?" Emperor Wu's karmic obstacles were too heavy. Although Patriarch Bodhidharma came from India to become the First Patriarch of China, Emperor Wu of Liang failed to recognize him. He was face-to-face and missed his chance.

The Chinese people have a saying, "Coming face-to-face, one fails to recognize the Bodhisattva Who Contemplates the Sounds of the World." Emperor Wu of Liang was face-to-face and failed to recognize the One Who Intentionally Came from the West. He did not recognize the Patriarch who came from the West. Why did Patriarch Bodhidharma want to save him? He knew that the Emperor was going to encounter some difficulty, so he wanted to help the Emperor awaken. Had Emperor Wu been able to leave home and cultivate, or to yield his throne to someone else, he could have avoided the fate of starving to death.
 
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前生因緣　餓死獼猴

梁武帝本來非常相信佛法，在他那個時代，中國的佛教是很興盛的，他到處造廟，以他皇帝的力量來提倡佛法，所以當時的人民都信佛。

可是，他在過去生中造的業也很重。在過去世，梁武帝是一個出家的比丘。這個比丘在山上修行，有一隻猴子就天天偷他所種的東西吃，像桃子、蘋果之類，樹上所有的水果，牠都來偷吃。他種的東西被這猴子給吃得沒剩多少，於是就把猴子圈到一個山洞裏，用石頭把洞門擋上了。本來他預備擋幾天，就把牠放出來，不准牠再偷東西吃，孰不知他把猴子堵到洞裏，卻忘了，結果把牠餓死在洞裏頭。

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Causes and Conditions from a Previous Life:He Starved a Monkey

Emperor Wu originally had deep faith in the Buddhadharma. During his time, Buddhism flourished in China. Using his power as an emperor, he built temples everywhere and promoted Buddhism. Consequently, many people came to believe in the Buddhadharma.

However, he had also created very heavy karma in a past life. What kind of a person had Emperor Wu been in the past? He had been a Bhikshu, a Buddhist monk. While that monk cultivated up in the mountains, a monkey would come every day to steal the things he planted for food and to steal the fruit from the nearby trees, such as peaches, apples, and the like. The monkey stole and ate all the fruit and most of the vegetables the monk planted.

Finally one day the monk managed to trap the monkey in a cave and blocked the entrance of the cave with rocks. Basically he planned to keep the monkey in there for a couple of days and then let it out, in order to teach the monkey a lesson so that it wouldn't steal his food anymore. Who would have guessed that after blocking up the cave he would forget about it, thus causing that monkey to die of hunger!
 
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今世果報　餓死臺城

所以他今生做了皇帝，這猴子就托生做侯景，這侯景帶著兵，把南京攻下來，將梁武帝 關到臺城裏，又把所有吃的東西都拿走，不給他東西吃，因此梁武帝就餓死在那個地方。他餓死猴子，今生這猴子也同樣把他餓死，就受這種果報。

因為達摩祖師本來看他造這麼多的功德，可以將功折罪，但是這也要有一種因緣，所以達摩祖師對他講話也就不客氣。可是梁武帝一想：「我是個大皇帝，啊！你一個窮和尚來到我的國家，對我講話，還這麼不客氣！」所以就對達摩祖師疏遠了。達摩祖師雖然想要救度他，要對他有一種慈悲心，但是他不接受，不向達摩祖師求，那也沒法子了；於是達摩祖師就走了，不管他了。

結果，過了一個時期，梁武帝果然被侯景帶著一些個人馬，把他餓死在臺城裏，這是有這麼一個原因。你們大家想一想，如果他有功德，怎麼會餓死？因為沒有功德，所以就餓死了。達摩祖師當時本想挽救，不教他餓死，希望他能生一種覺悟心，可惜梁武帝這個吾我太大了，所以就是達摩祖師也救不了他。


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Receiving Retribution in This Life,He Starves to Death in the Palace

In this life, he was an emperor, and the monkey was reborn to be Hou Jing. Hou Jing led soldiers to attack Nanjing. After Nanjing was taken, he kept Emperor Wu in captivity in the palace and did not provide him with any food. He took all food away, and left the Emperor there to starve to death. In a previous life, the Emperor starved the monkey to death, and in this life the monkey starved him to death. He had to undergo that retribution.

Now before that happened, Patriarch Bodhidharma saw that the Emperor had done so many good deeds that he could have redeemed his offense with the merit and virtue created. However, to do so there must be some conditions. That's why the Patriarch was not polite to him. But the Emperor thought to himself, "I am an emperor, a great emperor, and you are only a poor monk. You come to my country and are utterly rude to me." So he alienated himself from the Patriarch. Though Patriarch Bodhidharma wanted to save him and brought forth a compassionate mind toward him, the Emperor could not accept him. Because the Emperor made no move to seek help from the Patriarch, there was nothing the Patriarch could do to help him. Thus, the Patriarch left and paid no more attention to the Emperor.

What happened as a result was that after a period of time, Emperor Wu was captured and starved to death in the palace by Hou Jing and his people. Such was the cause and effect. You all think about it. If the Emperor actually had merit and virtue, how could he have starved to death? It was because he did not have merit and virtue that he died of hunger. Patriarch Bodhidharma wanted to save him from his fate by helping him reach an awakening. What a pity that Emperor Wu of Liang's ego was so big that even Patriarch Bodhidharma could not save him.
 
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天花亂墜　地湧金蓮

在南京，離開皇宮後，達摩祖師遇到神光法師在那兒講經。神光法師講經講得天花亂墜，地湧金蓮──天女散花，地下湧出金蓮花來。啊！這種境界是很殊勝的。

達摩祖師一聽說，就去看一看這個法會，到那個地方聽經。這時候他大約學會說幾句中國話了，因為從廣州到南京，這一路上，一天學一句，那麼十天就學十句，一百天就學一百句。這位祖師也很聰明的，他學中文不用學，一聽就會了。

在南京，聽神光法師在那兒講經。這個神光法師也很神氣的：「噢！你看我講經講得多好，印度人也來聽！哈！這麼遠跑來聽我講經，這真是不可思議！」就覺得自己很不錯的。

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The Heavens Rain Down Flowers;

Golden Lotuses Well Forth from the Earth

While still in Nanjing, after he left the imperial court, Patriarch Bodhidharma met the Venerable Shen Guang (Spiritual Light), who was lecturing on the Sutras. When Dharma Master Shen Guang explained the Sutras, the heavens rained down flowers, and golden lotuses welled forth from the earth. Heavenly maidens scattered blossoms, and from beneath the earth golden lotuses burst forth. Ah! What a supreme state!

The Patriarch heard about that, and so he also went to observe the Dharma assembly and listen to the Sutra lecture. By then he probably had learned some Chinese and could speak a few sentences. If on the road from Guangzhou to Nanjing, he learned one sentence a day, he would have learned ten sentences in ten days, and a hundred in a hundred days. That Patriarch was very intelligent; he did not have to study to learn Chinese, he just listened.

In Nanjing, he listened to Dharma Master Shen Guang explain a Sutra. Dharma Master Shen Guang was quite pleased by that. "Hah! See how well I lecture the Sutras? Even an Indian has come to listen! Ah! He came from so far away to listen to my lecture. How truly inconceivable!" He felt quite good about it.
 
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祖師問難　講經為何

神光法師講完了經，想不到這印度人就來問他問題了，說：「法師！你在這兒幹什麼？」
神光法師說：「咦！我在這兒講經，你還不懂嗎？我以為你是來聽我講經的，原來你連講經都不懂啊！」
達摩祖師說：「你講經幹什麼？為什麼要講經？」



The Patriarch Asks Him,
"Why Are You Explaining Sutras?"

After he finished his Sutra lecture, he was surprised when the Indian began to question him. The Patriarch asked, "Dharma Master, what are you doing?"

Dharma Master Shen Guang replied, "I am lecturing on the Sutras. You don't even know that? I thought you came to listen to the explanation of the Sutra, but it turns out you don't even know what a Sutra lecture is all about!"

Patriarch Bodhidharma asked, "Hmm. What are you doing when you lecture on the Sutras? Why explain Sutras?"
 
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神光法師　反唇相譏

神光法師說：「喔！那你來幹什麼？你連為什麼講經都不知道？你到底是從什麼地方來的？」

「我從印度來的。」

「你從印度來的，我講佛經，你印度沒有講佛經的嗎？你都不懂？」

達摩祖師說：「我們印度講經啊，是講無字真經，沒有字的經。你講經，是講有字的經。」

神光法師說：「什麼叫無字真經？」

達摩祖師說：「我講的經，是沒有字的，就那麼一張白紙講經。你講這個經，黑的是字，白的是紙，那麼你講它幹什麼？」

神光法師說：「我講經教人了生死嘛！」


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Dharma Master Shen Guang

Retorts Sarcastically

Dharma Master Shen Guang said, "Hey! What did you come here for? Don't you even know what Sutra lectures are all about? Where did you come from?"

"I came here from India."

"You come from India, and I am here explaining the Buddhist scriptures. Don't people explain Buddhist scriptures in India? You don't even seem to know."

Patriarch Bodhidharma replied, "The Sutra lectures in India explain the wordless true

Sutra. The Sutras you lecture on here have words."

Dharma Master Shen Guang asked, "What is the wordless true Sutra?"

Patriarch Bodhidharma answered, "The Sutra I lecture is wordless. It is just a piece of blank paper. As to the Sutras you lecture, the inked areas are words, and the blank areas are paper. Why are you explaining them?"

Dharma Master Shen Guang replied, "I lecture on the Sutras to teach people how to end birth and death!"
 
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