Angela Lee Duckworth (born 1970) is an American academic, psychologist, and popular science author. She is the Rosa Lee and Egbert Chang Professor of Psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, where she studies grit and self-control. She is the founder and former CEO of Character Lab, a not-for-profit whose mission is to advance the science and practice of character development.
[edit] Duckworth is best known for her research on grit, a strength she defines as passion and perseverance for long-term goals.[1][14][15] She developed the Grit Scale, a measure of this construct.[15][16] Duckworth has found grit to be a common factor among the high-achievers she has studied.[15] Her work suggests that grit is unrelated to IQ but closely related to conscientiousness.[14][15] Grit has been studied across the lifespan, but Duckworth focuses primarily on how building grit can help adolescents.[9] This falls under the umbrella of character education and the movement to expand school instruction beyond solely cognitive factors. Since the introduction of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) in 2015, there has been a growing call for effective ways to measure character strengths.[17] However, Duckworth herself has encouraged caution when applying and, especially, testing character in classrooms.[18] One reason is that existing measures were designed for scientific purposes, and so as yet there are no reliable ways to measure grit in high-stakes situations, like college admissions or job applications.[19] Some claim that focusing on grit would lead to the neglect of other important factors, like the positive socio-economic prerequisites necessary to deploy it.[20] Duckworth has acknowledged the importance of environmental factors, saying that it's not that one matters more than the other but rather that they both matter: "The question is not whether we should concern ourselves with grit or structural barriers to achievement. In the most profound sense, both are important, and more than that, they are intertwined."[21] Grit has had its share of critics. A 2017 meta-analysis found that "grit is only moderately correlated with performance and retention," and that it had not been adequately distinguished from several previously studied constructs, including conscientiousness, persistence, and industriousness.[22] In a 2021 article, Duckworth acknowledged that she had misinterpreted the psychometric properties of her Grit Scale.[23] 安杰拉·李·达克沃思(英语:Angela Lee Duckworth,1970年7月20日—)[1] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),汉名李惠安,生于美国,心理学者,现任教于宾州大学心理学系。