10/13/04
The Care and Maintenance of Your Oil Furnace
By CYNTHIA POTTS, Contributing Writer
This time of year, you can’t drive more than a mile without spotting a heating company van zipping down the road. They’re everywhere, stopping at home after home, tuning up the furnaces. Summer vacation is definitely over, and our home heating systems will have serious work to do.
But what’s the big deal? You had the furnace serviced last year ? or maybe it was the year before that. Either way, the furnace has been running just fine. Why worry?
If you forgo yearly cleanings and inspections of your home heating system, your furnace can wear itself out too quickly, develop a leak that fills your home with deadly carbon monoxide, or simply stop working. That last sounds harmless enough ? but if the heat stops working when it’s thirty degrees below zero, the situation could be deadly. Having your furnace serviced is inexpensive ? a mere fraction of what it would cost to replace a broken system or expensive emergency repair bills. Additionally, you’ll benefit from the fuel and energy savings a clean, efficient furnace provides.
An oil furnace consists of a sealed chamber where oil is burned to heat an air exchanger. Then a blower or fan moves air across the exchanger, where it is heated, and then forced into the ductwork throughout the house to heat the structure. Some systems include a fan center, air filters, electronic air cleaners, media filters, humidifiers, and air conditioning evaporator coil. If you have central air in your home, there will also be a condensation pump, which is used to remove water resulting from central air’s dehumidification action. There may also be motorized dampers in your ductwork. All of these elements need regular care and maintenance.
Some of this work can be done yourself, and we’ll give you some basic information in this article. However, there are a few steps that the average homeowner should leave to the professionals.
For example, consider the oil burner. A basic tune up includes a nozzle and filter replacement, as well as heat exchanger and smoke pipe cleaning. This is pretty basic stuff, well within the reach of the weekend handyman. However, the next step in this process is a fuel to air mixture adjustment. To meet federal standards ? which you need to do in order to comply with your homeowner’s insurance policy, if nothing else ? obtaining the proper fuel/air mixture requires special instruments. Most heating services prefer that homeowners leave the entire oil burner tune-up to them, in order to ensure the system is operating at peak efficiency.
Don’t despair! There’s still plenty of work for you to do. Begin by checking and cleaning out your ductwork. It’s amazing what can fall through those little grates. Your furnace will function far better without all the Matchbox cars, Barbie shoes and spare keys in the way.
Shut the power off to your furnace before doing the following procedures, to prevent accidental shocks. Be sure to switch off both the electricity and the fuel supply.
Clean your combustion chamber by scrubbing away the black soot that coats the walls. A wire brush works really for this. A shop-vac can be used to remove the resulting loose debris. Check the chamber for any damage, holes or corroded areas. If you find any, alert your repairman.
Take a good look at your flue pipe. Leaks here let carbon monoxide into your home. If you’ve got small holes, you can patch them with flue tape. However, large holes, areas of corrosion, and structural integrity problems are best left to the pros.
Change the air filter. This filter cleans all the air that you’ll be breathing throughout the cold months ? you want it to be clean as possible. This is a great time to check the blower belt’s condition. If it looks worn, too loose, or damaged, alert your repairman.
Clean and inspect any heater accessories. If you notice any loose or frayed wires, note them and be sure to inform your repairman.
The whole process should only take a couple of hours ? certainly a small investment of time and money to guarantee a stress-free, warm winter!
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