[转贴] 加拿大的火器分级制度

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加拿大的火器分级制度:


加拿大的火器分级制度:加拿大是一个传统的爱好狩猎的国家,民间持枪相当普遍,治安虽比南边的邻居好很多,但毕竟枪击案也少不了。所以,劳民伤财的政府耗费几个亿,开展了规模浩大的枪支登记行动。费用一超再超,怨声载道。
不象美国各州有不同的枪支管制规定,甚至各县都有区别,混乱无章。加拿大到是全国统一,一张枪牌横扫全境。这里把所有的火器分成三个级别:非限制级,限制级和禁止级。
先说非限制级:所有总长度不少于66cm的来福枪霰弹枪,初速大于500英尺/秒(合152米/秒)的气枪,枪管不短于47cm的半自动步枪,都属于这个范畴。非限制武器的管理最松散,可以随身携带,当然你要背着逛商店还是不合适。外出旅游野营时你可以放在车上,但晚上必须装在不可见的枪盒里。 [ 相约加拿大:枫下论坛 rolia.net/forum ]
限制级:大多数手枪以及不属于非限制级的长枪,这个规定很含糊。实际操作中,只要不属于非限制和禁止级,都可以放入这个范围。
禁止级:几年前开始,政府已经不再给新人发放这个级别的执照。所以象我们这些来了五六年的,都拿不到,也不允许持有这个级别的火器。所有的全自动武器,例如M16,AK47等,所有可能很容易改成全自动的火器,或者法庭明确规定为限制级的,以及枪管小于105毫米的手枪。但据说如果你的枪牌超过一定年限,并表现良好,CFC有时候会错误地给你寄来一个Prohibited的licence,但买枪的时候不保证能登记上去。
Crossbow:现在政府还没有把“弩”作为管制武器,你可以在体育用品店随便买。但在限制级的牌照上,已经把它单列。我和一个警察有一次偶然聊天,我问为什么。他说很可能将来驽会被加强管制,因为近距离时,其杀伤力不输于手枪。反正也都有序列号,无非再一次劳民伤财而已。
与火器的级别相对应,枪牌也分三个级别:非限制级,限制级和禁止级。加拿大18岁以上的居民,甚至外国人,包括国际学生 ,都可以申请枪牌。12岁到17岁的少年,如确有需要,比如家庭以打猎为生,或参加射击比赛,那么经父母同意,也可以,但只能申请非限制级,前提和其他人一样,通过政府考牌官的考试。
考试分笔试和操作两部分。笔试以基本常识和法律法规为主,限制级和非限制级的都差不多,只不过一个倾向长枪,一个倾向短枪。50道题,对四十道通过。操作部分,可不是让你实弹射击,只是考你辨别枪械,上弹退弹,安全检查等等。 枪牌由联邦政府统一发放,申请过程耗时很长,四个月到一年半都有。这个和本文无关。
政府对枪支存放的要求很严,只能放在自己家中。每把枪都要上一种专门的扳机锁,并且必须枪弹分离。如果违反规定,处罚非常严厉。
在加拿大,所有的枪支在购买前,必须报CFC(即加拿大火器中心)备案。而所有的限制级和禁止级火器,都不能随便购买,更不能随身携带,必须经过CFC的批准。同时CFC会问你是收藏还是到俱乐部练
习,然后会寄给买卖双方一个Transfer Authorization Number,算做临时的certification,这时你才能拿到你要买的武器。然后,通过你的俱乐部申请一个Authorization To Transfer,你才可以到俱乐部练习。而非限制级的,买前买后则不需要那么麻烦。
加拿大有个好处,可以买北方公司的产品,这样,我们国产的54式,1911,五六等,在这里倒都可以买到。而美国,因为法律的问题,就没有这种幸运了。
等下次,我再写这里对打猎的规定和要求吧。
 
Globeandmail.com

MP targets gun-registry vote

By JANE TABER
From Monday's Globe and Mail

POSTED AT 6:31 AM EST Monday, Dec 6, 2004

Ottawa ― A group of Liberal backbenchers has the Martin minority government on tenterhooks over their plans to vote this week to scrap the controversial $1-billion gun registry.

Sarnia Liberal MP Roger Gallaway, who is leading the charge, has served notice to the Speaker of the House of Commons that he wants a separate vote on the funding for the National Firearms Program when the House votes on spending estimates Thursday.

Mr. Gallaway's initiative, combined with Prime Minister Paul Martin's fragile minority government, could result in the death of the contentious registry, which has seen costs balloon from a promised $2-million to reports of more than $1-billion.

"Everybody supports gun control," Mr. Gallaway said in an interview yesterday. "The question is: Can we support this version of it?"

Mr. Gallaway, who supported the Chrétien government's gun-control initiative in 1995, said he now feels "deceived by the costs" and wants to "register my objection to runaway spending."

"The most basic rights of the House of Commons is to approve grants of money," said Mr. Gallaway, adding that if the program dies, "I certainly won't be sad."

Mr. Gallaway said the vote Thursday would be on an allocation of about $80-million for the remainder of this year.

Ironically, today is the 15th anniversary of the Ecole Polytechnique massacre in which a young man, Marc Lépine, killed 14 female students. The incident was the impetus for the Chrétien government's gun-control legislation.

Mr. Gallaway said at least "half a dozen" Liberal MPs are supporting him. "I certainly made certain I had them with me before I stepped out onto the gangplank."

And he is walking the plank, despite the fact that Mr. Martin had pledged to give backbench MPs more clout, addressing the so-called democratic deficit.

This issue was discussed at length at last Thursday's cabinet meeting.

Deputy Prime Minister Anne McLellan, who is responsible for the program, compared Mr. Gallaway's initiative to the recent antics of Mississauga MP Carolyn Parrish, a senior Liberal source said.

The source said that Ms. McLellan suggested Mr. Gallaway's actions are as bad as what Ms. Parrish had done when she stomped on a George W. Bush doll and said she wouldn't "shed a tear" if the Martin government were defeated in the next election.

Mr. Martin promptly dumped her from the Liberal caucus; she now sits as an independent.

Still, some Liberals have concluded from Ms. McLellan's reaction to Mr. Gallaway's move that there is concern the program could be struck down.

Mr. Gallaway said that "people who find this a preposterous act can only say so because of their inability to debate the issue."

The source said Mr. Martin and his ministers debated at cabinet whether to whip the vote -- that is, require all cabinet ministers and parliamentary secretaries to vote together to approve the funding.

It does not appear that cabinet discussed whether to make the vote one of confidence, which would mean the government could fall if the funding is not approved.

The issue was also raised at the weekly chiefs of staff meeting by Dan Rogers, the chief of staff to Government House Leader Tony Valeri. Mr. Rogers was giving the senior staffers an indication of what was on the week's agenda and what to watch for in terms of controversial issues.

The Liberals have 133 votes in the Commons; the Tories have 99; there are 54 Bloc MPs, 19 New Democrats and two independents.

It is likely the Tories would support Mr. Gallaway and vote against continuing to fund the registry.

However, it is not clear where the other parties are on this. It is believed that Mr. Martin would have the support of Bloc and the NDP MPs, and therefore would have the numbers to ensure the program continues.

If he were to whip the vote, the Prime Minister would have 66 votes from cabinet ministers and parliamentary secretaries to guarantee the continuation of the program.

The gun registry has been a difficult program and issue for the Liberals since its inception. Last year, the Liberal caucus exploded over the issue after a report by Auditor-General Sheila Fraser said that implementing the program will cost more than $1-billion by 2005. Promises were made in 1995 that it would cost only $2-million after the fees from licencing and registration were recovered.

"This was never part of a Throne Speech. This was never a fundamental program of government," Mr. Gallaway said yesterday. "This was just something that appeared in 1995. So it's not about doing in a department or doing in Via Rail or something . . . but it's rampant government spending at its worst."

Bell Globemedia
© 2004 Bell Globemedia Publishing Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 
我好象考枪牌。那里可以考的。。。。。
 
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