技术移民在加拿大的经历: CTV―Broken Promises

In my opinion, not recongizing foreign credentials is actually due to racism. What do you think, for example, if a white Canadian studies abroad and acquires a foreign qualification? Will employer reject his/her qualifications outright? I am sure that the answer is no. But if you are non-white, a new immigrant, they will give you lots of excuses.

I know a lot of immigrants, white British, Indians, Asians and blacks, who hold British qualifications. When they try to seek jobs in Canada, the British have no major problems and yet the 'colour' people are told that they do not have Canadian experience. You go figure why!
 
多元视野:华裔是最苦难深重的一族?
加国无忧 2006年01月05日,来源:本网编辑

联邦大选之际,人头税已成为华人社区的热门话题。身为华人而对人头税的来龙去脉所知甚少实感惭愧,于是抽出时间看了几本有关书籍。本想进一步看看CBC电视台播出的In the Shadow of Gold Mountain,但本周三好像没有播放,查了CBC的节目预告,本周六也没有,不知是媒体有误还是电视台节目安排出了什么差错。

不管怎样,即便从阅读中对此只有一知半解,也够人感觉难受的了。本人最不忍心看上个世纪我们华人穿着破棉袍、光着半个脑袋、脑后还吊根长辫子的样子。而这个形象如果和骄横跋扈的洋人放在一起,就更是令人惨不忍睹。早期北美华人的遭遇不仅使人感到心灵的震撼,更为我们华人先辈所受到的屈辱和不公正待遇而愤愤不平。

随后有个念头浮现在脑海:与其它种族相比,移民海外的华人是不是最为苦难深重的一族?历史上是否存在比华人境遇更糟、受到的歧视与排斥比华人更不堪忍受的族裔?而移居北美的华人在那个黑暗的岁月是怎么在痛苦的煎熬中挺过来的?而他们的遭遇给我们新一代加拿大移民什么样的启示?

移民都有本血泪账

提起谁是最苦难深重的移民一族,我最先想到的不是华人,而是黑人。也许是《根》真的在我脑海中生了“根”,也许是《飘》中郝思嘉的大胆、泼辣与痴情,白瑞德的风流、洒脱与勇敢很快就在会记忆的空间里 “飘”浮起来。移民资格与西北欧移民几乎一样老的黑人在新大陆这块土地上饱受了挫折与磨难。人们从《根》中了解到黑人从非洲老家贩卖到美洲所受的难以描述的欺凌与辛酸,也从《飘》中知道美国南北战争的起因本身就是黑奴制度的存与废。

但鲜为人知的是,当黑人在美国这个“熔炉”中感觉实在难熬的时候,曾经多次喊出“回到非洲去”的口号,用我们现在的时髦说法叫“回流”。第一次是十九世纪初,当追捕逃奴法在美国全国实行时,逃亡到北方的黑奴被迫迁往加拿大,但更多黑人深为“回到非洲去”的口号所吸引。很多白人政治精英,甚至包括以追求平等与权利为己任的托马斯・杰弗逊,都主张自由黑人离开美国回到非洲建立自己的国家。他的理由是,黑人即便获得自由,也难以被同化到美国的社会生活之中。这一想法后来不仅演变成为具体计划甚至得以实施。西非的利比里亚共和国就是这一计划实施的结果。但实际上真正从美国迁往这个国家的美国黑人并不多。

第二次“回到非洲去”的运动由牙买加黑人马卡斯・加维在上世纪初发起。尽管最初的宣传与动员令不少黑人为之心动,加维也组织了几次运送黑人回非洲的航行,但他经营的航运公司不久破产,加维本人也因欺诈罪郎当入狱。更为重要的是,这时候黑人运动中出现了一股新思潮,他们认为在美国的建设过程中黑人也出了力,作出了不可磨灭的贡献。黑人应该做的不是离开美国而是要在这片土地上站稳脚跟。南北战争使黑人身体上得到解放,而黑人民权领袖马丁・路德・金“我有一个梦”的呐喊加上由他领导的极其艰苦卓绝的斗争又使黑人争取到基本人权的保障和精神上的自由。

有色人种如此,正儿八经的白种人是否没有歧视,没有屈辱?据说白人移民中最多灾多难的有两大族裔:一是犹太人,一是爱尔兰人。犹太人的遭遇不用多说,提两个词就够了:希特勒和集中营。二战期间连混乱不堪的的上海都成了他们为之向往的避难地。

那么爱尔兰人呢?当成群结队的爱尔兰人到达美国时,来自西欧北欧的“老移民”特别瞧不起他们。尽管爱尔兰移民有语言上的优势,主流社会认为爱尔兰人不仅贫穷、缺乏教养而且信仰与他们不同的宗教(天主教)。广布于大西洋沿岸的爱尔兰人为求生存,什么脏活累活都抢着干。修运河、筑铁路,他们都走在前面,成为当时美国劳力市场上粗活累活危险活的主力军;城市建设开始后他们是码头工和建筑工人。由于宗教原因和他们在劳力市场上既便宜又能吃苦,从而成为本地美国人歧视和排挤的对象。移民美国后很长一段时间,爱尔兰人都饱受歧视。很多城市报纸的招工广告上雇主往往特别声明“不要爱尔兰人”,其偏见之深由此可见一斑。

爱尔兰移民高潮之后,德国人是移民美国最大的一个族裔。令当地美国人特别恼火的是,最初移民美国的德国人不仅和爱尔兰移民一样信奉天主教,甚至拒绝说英语。德裔移民在很多场合都声称并宣扬德国文化艺术的优秀和德语的优美。更有甚者,德国人曾多次要求在其人口相对集中的城市和社区的公立学校用德语教学,并试图在美国的几个州建立相对独立的德语区。

十九世纪末期美国的极端本土主义者对大量涌入的意大利人和犹太人也很反感。他们认为毫无价值的爱尔兰人和脖子僵硬的德国人固然令人讨厌,但毕竟属于“白种人”。在他们的眼中,意大利人和犹太人连“白种人”都不是。

海外华人受苦极深

比起早期华人移民在美国的遭遇,无论爱尔兰和德国移民,还是意大利人和犹太人的境遇真是小巫见大巫。当地美国人完全将中国人看作异类:无论是外貌、语言,还是衣着、饮食都是奇奇怪怪的,几乎找不出哪怕是一丁点儿共同之处。华人在随后的年月里所受到的极端不公正待遇与当地美国人的这种感觉和态度大有关系。

由于满清政府的软弱无能,导致美国政府制订了一系列排华法案。如1893年颁布的《麦克瑞法案》规定,只要任何一名美国人指控某一华人为非法居留,该华人就会遭到逮捕,扣押然后递解出境。仅1901至1905年间,美国花费32万美元将3093名华人递解出境。尽管中美双方一再谈判,但仍对华人实行移民限制,有10年时间甚至绝对禁止华人移美。

加拿大华人的境遇有过之而无不及。从1875年开始,华人最多的西海岸BC省就不厌其烦地出台一个又一个法案限制华人的自由与权利:华人不允许参加省选举;不能获得公有土地;不能在煤矿从事技术工作;不许进疗养院;无权获得卖酒和伐木工执照;不能成为学校理事、政府雇员和陪审团成员;更妙的是1922年通过的工厂法明确规定洗衣店周末和夜晚不能洗衣服!

将歧视和排斥华人的闹剧推向极致的即1885年通过的臭名昭著的人头税法案。这是加拿大联邦所通过的第一个反华人法案。该法案规定,除了外交官、商人和学生,每个进入加拿大的具有华人血统的人都必须缴纳50加元的人头税。五年后人头税翻了一番;三年后又翻了五番,增加至每人500加元!当时的500加元值多少?加拿大统计局的数据表明,当时一个平常家庭每月的日用花销在13加元左右,故当时500加元的价值由此可见一斑。那时候的华裔虽然没有自由和权利,但要尽的义务一样不少,不仅要交各种赋税,而且征兵也不能免。

从另一个事实可以看出华裔所受的苦难之深:早期赴加拿大的华人因种族歧视和法律上的种种限制不能携带家眷而不得不长期过着单身独居生活。根据加拿大人口普查资料,1937-38年间BC省首府维多利亚市50-59岁的华人男性中95%为单身汉。直到到二战后加拿大才撤消排华法案,故上世纪50和60年代形成一股移民潮,大批华人才被允许以家属身份移民加拿大与丈夫或父亲团聚。

我们应该与时俱进

历史就像人一样,是一种经历,也是一种过程。无论美国还是加拿大,其价值观念和移民政策都有一个演化过程。其中起决定作用的既有意识形态或文化背景层面的价值观问题,也有经济务实的利益关系问题。白人杀戮印第人的残忍与血腥、主流排斥异族的傲慢与偏见都植根于文化差异与经济冲突。即使从海外移民的资历与学历在加国不被承认仍然可以看出保护所谓主流而排斥异己的痕迹。这些根深蒂固的东西是特别难以一朝一夕予以改变的。

美国加拿大的移民政策在变,我们也要随之而变。当我们这一辈移民来到北美的时候,无论政治还是经济环境都已经大为改观了,只要你真有本事,在这块土地上仍然可以大有作为。尽管加国移民政策及其运作还有诸多不如人意的地方,但我们比起受尽屈辱的华人先辈,还算幸运得多。

不说别的,当笔者为一间加拿大社会经济调查公司作电话采访时,发现无论在多伦多还是温哥华,年收入10万加元的华裔移民不是一户两户,其中有的来加拿大也不过三五年时间。而很多由华人社区脱颖而出的政界明星、学界精英、商界名流大家已经耳熟能详。还有在各行各业做得与白人一样好甚至更好的华裔比比皆是,他们大都活得很自信、很充实、也很洒脱。什么叫成功?什么叫出人头地?什么叫主流?在标准资本主义社会的加拿大,这就是。

有人在网上讲某某回国以后如何成功的故事,某某因为在这儿找不到感觉而决定回流,这当然是成功,也不失为一种选择。但归去来兮,能留者会留,能走者该走,天要下雨,娘要嫁人。不过令本人最为钦佩的还是能在异国他乡打拼出一片天地的人。这些人不仅有真本事,还有志气、野心、与众不同的品格。我没有,但我从心底佩服并尊敬他们。

其实本地人也实实在在地尊敬他们。说句大实话,白人也真心佩服这样的人。不然连大学未毕业的比尔・盖茨不会成为美国人心目中最佩服的人。所钦佩者,非为比尔盖茨挣下的几百辈子花不完的亿万美元,也不是他建立的举世无双的微软帝国,而是他的创业精神,他不断进取的人生态度以及不畏困难挫折的顽强品质。

话说回来,我们要不要算人头税旧账?我们要算,但不是现在这个做法。连总理马丁都看出华人内部的深层矛盾,正因为如此,他才有可乘之机,才可以利用华人自己的不和拖拖延延,关键时候吞吞吐吐,距离我们华人社区的要求总差那么一步。

如果说华人真有“陋习”的话(这是很多人不愿正视与承认的),最大的可能就是不团结、窝里斗。在国内如此,出来照旧如此。我就不明白那些华人社区的头头脑脑们为何不能坐下来,心平气和地讨论,然后拿出一个大家都接受的方案,最后再共同推举代表与联邦政府讨价还价。

我说我们要算旧账,但不能钻进里面出不来。它毕竟是历史的东西、过去的东西,我们华人不仅不能忘记过去,还要顾到眼前,更要放眼未来,为华裔子孙后代着想,为华裔整体形象着想。

渥太华平权会日前推出两步走解决人头税方案: 政府先赔偿200余名在世苦主,给每人2万赔偿;然后再通过广泛咨询建立纪念基金,并主张这第二步慢慢来。笔者以为这不是个什么好方案。华人为人头税已经奔走苦斗了几十年,不趁热打铁,更待何时?错过了联邦大选及政党领袖纷纷表示愿意道歉的大好时机,再拖拖拉拉到猴年马月?

我说我们应该审时度势、把握机会,同时还要与时俱进、有礼有节,在尽力争取政治上道歉、经济上赔偿的时候,有个原则是见好就收,这既可取得双赢之效果,也不失为明智选择。

下次有机会,谈谈我们新移民为什么对人头税不感兴趣,也顺便看看主流英文媒体对这事如何评价。(楚河)
 
最初由 Michel 发布
In my opinion, not recongizing foreign credentials is actually due to racism. What do you think, for example, if a white Canadian studies abroad and acquires a foreign qualification? Will employer reject his/her qualifications outright? I am sure that the answer is no. But if you are non-white, a new immigrant, they will give you lots of excuses.

I know a lot of immigrants, white British, Indians, Asians and blacks, who hold British qualifications. When they try to seek jobs in Canada, the British have no major problems and yet the 'colour' people are told that they do not have Canadian experience. You go figure why!

racism 是某些人掩饰无能的最顺手的借口。

新移民,特别是大陆移民,最大的问题是语言,而不是学历。公司完全有理由怀疑一个无法和老板以及同事正常交流的人的能力,不管是什么学历。

我很怀疑,文中提到的国内某国际公司的市场代表翟女士,能够在加拿大,用英语完整表达自己的市场经验。我甚至支持加拿大,在那个来自伊朗的药剂师没有完成三年培训之前,不要轻易给他许可证,因为我实在怕他把英文药名看错了。
 
公司完全有理由怀疑一个无法和老板以及同事正常交流的人的能力,不管是什么学历

The important point is what is '正常交流'? Do you have to be a Shakespeare to be able to '正常交流'? All one really needs is able to communicate professionally. Whether one can talk about the hockey game last night is totally beside the point. However, according to my observation, here in Canada it seems like 'effective communication' is a byword for flawless Canadian accent, or sometimes even worse, being white.
 
My brother-in-law has only Chinese credentials. He had no problem to find a very good job not too long after he went to Finland in 1993. Before he came to Canada in 1997, he found a job in Toronto from the internet and the employer offerred him CAD40000 to CAD80000, he could choose the salary within that range but more money, more responsibilities for sure. After three months he worked in that company, he was leaving that company to go to IBM, that company promised to give his wife a job if he stayed but he left. Now he is earning over CAD110000 as a senior programmer in IBM. HE HAS ONLY CHINESE CREDENTIALS. My husband is earning good money too with his Chinese credentials.
 
最初由 Michel 发布
公司完全有理由怀疑一个无法和老板以及同事正常交流的人的能力,不管是什么学历

The important point is what is '正常交流'? Do you have to be a Shakespeare to be able to '正常交流'? All one really needs is able to communicate professionally. Whether one can talk about the hockey game last night is totally beside the point. However, according to my observation, here in Canada it seems like 'effective communication' is a byword for flawless Canadian accent, or sometimes even worse, being white.

很多找不到工作的移民的英语,还真的是无法应付communicate professionally。不要觉得差劲的英语,只是不能聊冰球。

要知道,更多的移民找到了满意的工作。对于那些找不到工作的兔子,racism 是掩饰无能的最顺手的excuse。
 
最初由 chieftain 发布


很多找不到工作的移民的英语,还真的是无法应付communicate professionally。不要觉得差劲的英语,只是不能聊冰球。

要知道,更多的移民找到了满意的工作。对于那些找不到工作的兔子,racism 是掩饰无能的最顺手的excuse。

I went to a walk in clinic, the doctor is not sure how to use thermometer; My wife went to have a body check, the doctor also seems to be inexperienced. They are all immigrants I think.

So people have the reason not to trust immigrants at one. Same as you, I cannot聊冰球
 
Flyingex: Is this doctor in Ottawa??!!!
 
This one is funny: if you don't have canadian experience, get American's.

Canadians do feel good about themselves :-)

----
But it's a move he has to make. The job in the U.S. offers a chance to get back into the engineering profession, to regain his confidence and reclaim his future. Kumar says he owes it to his family, who sacrificed so much for him back in India.


And maybe with American job experience under his belt, Raj might one day return to Canada and get a job that fits his skills here.
 
I totally agree that the point system fails.

Canada is not looking for skilled workers, it is looking for anyone can do job as long as young. And the size of labor market for skilled workers is respectively smaller than the one in States.

But Canada wants to choose "highly educated" people from developing countries, like China and India. At the same time, it protects the jobs for Canadian licensed professionals and forces immigrants to do something else.

----
Suing Ottawa

One couple in Alberta is determined to take on Canada's failing immigration system. Prem and Nessa Premakumaran are suing the federal government, accusing Canada of wooing professionals like themselves under false pretences.

Now living in Edmonton, Prem and Nessa were educated in the United Kingdom and worked for 20 years in London, England, in accounting and office administration before emigrating to Canada.

They claim that during their interview at the Canadian High Commission they were told they would have no trouble finding work in their fields given their experience and qualifications. Today, they complain, that they were sold a bill of goods.

"If they are looking for slaves to do the jobs, menial jobs, they should advertise they are looking, Canada is looking for slaves to do the menial jobs," complains Prem.

Since coming to Canada, it's been a constant struggle for Prem and Nessa to support their young family. In spite of their global experience and a booming Alberta economy, no one would hire them.


Instead of working in finance and office administration, the Premakumarans have been forced to take whatever jobs they could get to survive, cleaning hotel rooms and offices.

At one point Prem was even forced to shovel snow in front of Canada Place to make ends meet.


Ontario condemns federal immigration

So what's wrong? Ontario's Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Michael Colle blames a federal visa system that is out of touch with the reality of the job market. Colle says the federal point system gives priority to people with academic credentials regardless of whether there is work for them.

"The immigration system in Canada is broken," Colle told W-FIVE in an interview. "It's like inviting someone for dinner to your home and you basically feed them crumbs.

"The problem is that we in Ontario may need welders, we need construction workers, we need truck drivers. So the point system doesn't do you any good if you're a truck driver who wants to come to Canada from Romania. Yet if you're a PhD from Bucharest you'll probably get in but you may not get work but if you're a truck driver you get to work immediately. Well, then the point system isn't working? That's an understatement."

Bad news spreading fast

Our reputation as a nation that welcomes the world is at stake. And the bad news about how tough things can be for skilled newcomers in Canada is spreading fast -- via the Internet, messages posted by disappointed, highly technical immigrants who are plugged into the global marketplace.

A recent online article out of New Delhi warns "Far from being the El Dorado of repute, for many immigrants Canada has emerged as a land of unmitigated disaster. From rampant discrimination to hidden booby traps, Indians have been forced into an economic quagmire, having to settle for a dead end job."
 
No pain no gain, this one is also true.

However the immigration minister believes immigrants will eventually find success in Canada.
 
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