教你如何看轮胎参数[zt]

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最新更新时间:2006-6-4 来源地:第二汽车 浏览次数:151

许多驾驶员并不了解自己车上用的或准备购买的是什么类别的轮胎。如果同一辆车上用了不同胎体的轮胎,会影响车的使用性能。因此,在换轮胎时最好先了解一下自己车上使用的是什么胎体的轮胎,如果是半钢丝的,仍然选用半钢丝的,如果是全纤维的,就仍然选用全纤维的。


下面是钢丝、尼龙和纤维的表示方法,它们铭刻在轮胎的胎壁上。
STEEL――钢丝;
NYLON――尼龙;
POLYESTER――纤维。
每一条轮胎的胎壁上都镌着该条轮胎的构造详情。也就是说,这条轮胎的胎冠是由几层xx制成,而胎侧是由几层xx构成,使人一目了然,一看便知。
例如:普力司通195/50R15 T1花纹轮胎胎侧上的“PLIES(2POLYESTER+2STEEL+NYLON)即指此轮胎为半钢丝子午线轮胎,它的胎冠是由二层纤维帘布和二层钢丝及一层尼龙制成。
又如上海回力185/70R13轮胎,它在胎侧是这样刻的:
TREAD:2PLIES POLYESTER
(胎冠) (层级) (纤维帘布)
2PLIES STEEL
(层级) (钢丝)
SIDEWALL:2PLIES POLYESTER
(胎侧) (层级) (纤维帘布)
也就是说这条轮胎的胎冠是由二层纤维帘线和二层钢丝制造的;而它的胎侧则是由二层纤维帘线制成。
又比如 185/70R14(88H707花)是这样表示的:
TREAD:POLYESTER1 + STEEL2 + NYLON2
(胎冠)(一层纤维帘布)(二层钢丝)(二层尼龙)
也就是说这条轮胎的胎冠是由一层纤维帘线和二层钢丝及二层尼龙帘线制成。
又比如美国固特异185/70R13(86S)轮胎,它是这样表示的:
TREAD:3PLIES 1POLYESTER+2STEEL
SIDEWALL:1POLYESTER
也就是说,这条轮胎的胎冠共有三层,即一层纤维帘线和二层钢丝制成;而胎侧是由一层纤维帘线制成。
再如,山东威海的三角牌轮胎165/70R13(79S・TR266花纹)是这样表示的:4PLIES(2STEEL+2POLYESTER),也就是说这条轮胎的胎冠是由二层钢丝和二层纤维帘线共4层组成。
胎冠和层级数越多,它的耐刺、载重等性能越优秀,但散热较慢。胎侧的层级数太少,一是胎体强度不够好,显得胎侧太软,容易被割伤,一是抗撞击能力差,极易被坚硬物撞击坏。但散热和吸震性能好。

每一条轮胎上,在它的规格型号后面都有由数字和字母组成的一组混合数字,如:185/70R13 88H、185R14 90S等,其中的“88H”和“90S”即是轮胎的载质量和速度级别。“88、90”是载重代号,“H、S”是速度级别代号。
因为每一条轮胎在生产过程中,都是严格按照有关该条轮胎的固定技术指标设计生产的,因此,它的载质量和速度级别都有它的临界限。在设计生产过程中不但要考虑每个部位的胶料配方,同时还要考虑胎冠的花纹及花纹的深浅、胎冠和胎侧的用料及层数,还要考虑升温、散热等复杂因素。所以,轮胎上所标出的载质量和速度级别是该条轮胎的最高载质量和最高速度级别。在使用轮胎时,最好不要超过它的最高限度,否则,会降低轮胎的使用寿命,严重时会发生恶性爆胎翻车事故。
轮胎上的载质量和速度的乘积叫“工作量”即: 工作量=载质量(W)x速度(S)
从这一公式中可以看出,排出客观因素影响,一般情况下轮胎的工作量是固定的,如:185/70R13 88H轮胎,它的工作量=560(kg)×210(km/h)=117600。如果它的速度慢一些,那么,它的负荷可以增大一些,如果它的负荷减小一些,它的速度可以快一些。但经验证明,轮胎的行驶速度在40km/h以下时,轮胎的负荷可以相应增加,当轮胎的行驶速度超过100km/h时,其负荷应相应减少。

轮胎的速度代号
代号安全速度(公里/小时)
P 150
Q 160
R 170
S 180
T 190
U 200
H 210
V 240
Z 〉240

国际标准化组织(ISO)轮胎代号系统
 195    70      R      14      86     H
  1     5      6     3      7       2
1.胎宽:用英寸表示交*帘布层胶胎,或用毫米表示(子午线轮胎)
2.最大允许速度
3.轮辋直径,用英寸表示
4.最大载重能力,用当量帘布层数表示(4PR轮胎强度相当于4层棉帘线)
5.纵横比(胎高/胎宽),用百分比表示
6.子午线轮胎
7.载重能力(功率利用指数)
最大允许速度代号和速度
代号 速度(公里/小时)
K 110
L 120
M 130
N 140
P 150
Q 160
最大允许速度代号和速度
代号 速度(公里/小时)
R 170
S 180
T 190
U 200
H 210
V 240
Z 240或以上
载重能力
代号 能力(千克/胎)
78 425
80 450
82 475
84 500
86 530
 
The meaning of tire codes

Tirecode.gif

Tire identification diagram

Tire identification diagram, light truck specific features
The tire code consists of a string of letters and numbers, as follows:
An optional letter (or letters) indicating the intended use or vehicle class for the tire
'P' - Passenger
'LT' - Light Truck
'ST' - Special Trailer
'T' - Temporary
The width of the tire - in millimeters, from sidewall edge to sidewall edge.
A slash character ('/').
The ratio of the sidewall height to the total width of the tire - as a percentage. If this is missing, it is assumed to be 82%. If the number is larger than 200, then this is the diameter of the entire tire in millimeters.
Construction of the fabric of the tire
'B' - bias belt
'D' - diagonal
'R' - radial
Diameter of the rim that this tire is designed to fit - in inches.
Load index.
Speed rating - one or perhaps two letters (see table below).
Additional marks.
[edit]
Load Index
Load Index
Code Pounds Kilograms Code Pounds Kilograms
71 761 345 91 1,356 615
72 783 355 92 1,389 630
73 805 365 93 1,433 650
74 827 375 94 1,477 670
75 853 387 95 1,521 690
76 882 400 96 1,565 710
77 908 412 97 1,609 730
78 937 425 98 1,653 750
79 963 437 99 1,709 775
80 992 450 100 1,764 800
81 1,019 462 101 1,819 825
82 1,047 475 102 1,874 850
83 1,074 487 103 1,929 875
84 1,102 500 104 1,984 900
85 1,135 515 105 2,039 925
86 1,168 530 106 2,094 950
87 1,201 545 107 2,149 975
88 1,235 560 108 2,205 1,000
89 1,279 580 109 2,271 1,030
90 1,323 600 110 2,337 1,060
[edit]
Speed rating codes
The code is made up of one or two letters describing the maximum safe speed for the tire.
Tire speed rating codes
Code MPH km/h
N 93 150
Q 99 160
R 105 170
S 112 180
T 118 190
U 124 200
H 130 210
V 149 240
W 167 270
Y 186 300
ZR Over 149 Over 240
The code "ZR" means a speed limit for the tire of more than 240 km/h. In this case there is often an additional code, example: 225/45 ZR 17 Y.
[edit]
Additional marks
There are numerous other markings on a typical tire, these may include:
M&S: On winter tires, at the end of the above mentioned codes the following abbreviation can be found: M&S for Mud and Snow. On spike tires there is an additional E after the S.
E4 - Tire approved according ECE-regulations, (the number indicates the country of approval).
030908 - Approval number of the tire
DOT code: All tires imported into the USA have the DOT code, as required by the Department of Transportation (DOT). It specifies the company & factory, mold, batch, and date of production (2 digits for week of the year plus 2 digits for year; or 2 digits for week of the year plus 1 digit for year for tires made prior to 2000)
TL - Tubeless
TT - Tubetype, tire with an inner-tube
Made in - Country of production
C (commercial) - Tires for light trucks (Example: 185 R14 C)
B - Bias Belted tires for motorcycles (Example: 150/70 B 17 69 H)=diagonal construction with belt added under the tread
SFI - abbr. for "side facing inwards" = inside of asymmetric tires
SFO - abbr. for "side facing outwards" = outside of asymmetric tires
TWI - Tire wear index, an indicator in the main tire profile which shows when the tire is worn down and needs to be replaced
SL (standard load): Tire for normal usage and loads
XL (extra load): Tire for heavy loads
rf - Reinforced tires
Arrows - Some tread designs are designed to perform better when driven in a specific direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise). Such tires will have an arrow showing which way the tire should rotate when the vehicle is moving forwards. It is important not to put a 'clockwise' tire on the left hand side of the car or a 'counter-clockwise' tire on the right side.
[edit]
Tire geometry

When referring to the purely geometrical data, a shortened form of the full notation is used. To take a common example, 195/55R16 would mean that the width of the tire is 195 mm at the widest point, the height of the side-wall of the tire is 55% of the width (107 mm in this example) and that the tire fits 16 inch diameter wheels.
Less commonly used in the USA and Europe (but often in Japan for example) is a notation that indicates the full tire diameter instead of the side-wall height. To take the same example, a 16 inch wheel would have a diameter of 406 mm. Adding twice the tire height (2x107 mm) makes a total 620 mm tire diameter. Hence, a 195/55R16 tire might alternatively be labelled 195/620R16.
Whilst this is theoretically ambiguous, in practice these two notations may easily be distinguished because the height of the side-wall of an automotive tire is typically much less than the width. Hence when the height is expressed a percentage of the width, it is almost always less than 100% (and certainly less than 200%). Conversely, vehicle tire diameters are always larger than 200 mm. Therefore, if the second number is more than 200, then it is almost certain the Japanese notation is being used - if it's less than 200 then the US/European notation is being used.
[edit]
Example

The tires on a MINI Cooper might be labelled:
P195/55R16 85H
'P' these tires are for a passenger vehicle.
195 - the width of the tire is 195 mm at the widest point.
55 - indicates that the height of the side-wall of the tire is 55% of the width - 107 mm.
R - this is a radial tire.
16 - this tire fits 16 inch diameter wheels.
85 - the load index, a maximum of 515 kg per wheel in this case.
H - the speed index, this means the maximum permitted speed, here 210 km/h (130 mph).
 
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