而这次试验是为了寻找一种新粒子,没人真知道到底会发生什么......
"For most physicists and philosophers of science a unified description of physical phenomena has remained a distant dream, as Weinberg makes clear in his book. Most of them hope that yet another generation of giant accelerators will lead to the discovery of a new particle called the Higgs particle, named after Scottish theoretician Peter Higgs who more than thirty years ago proposed it as a way to give mass to all particles and give unity to physical theory. But in a purely electromagnetic theory of matter, beginning with an extremely energetic electron-positron pair, all mass is derived from this primeval entity. In effect, it takes the place of the Higgs particle, since the Higgs field is known to be analogous to the electromagnetic field.
However, a few other thinkers continue to believe that such a search for the Higgs particle is not only not needed but bound to be fruitless, as I learned when a reader of the first edition of this book by the name of Richard Savage contacted me. Savage, an independent scholar interested in the philosophy of science, called my attention to a fascinating historical incident that relates directly to the widely held belief of most theorists that more powerful accelerators will lead to the discovery of Higgs-type particles. An 18th Century American by the name of Benjamin Thompson, apparently the first to discern the connection between mechanical energy and heat, observed huge cylinders of brass being bored to make cannons. In those days, such a boring machine was powered by a horse on a treadmill mechanism. Cannon borers knew well that when boring, the tool and the metal chips it produced could become very hot.
Thompson discovered a remarkable relationship: the rate at which the horse worked appeared to be directly proportional to the temperature of the boring tool and the hot metal chips it produced. Later, in the middle of the 19th century in England, James Joule performed careful experiments which confirmed Thompson's observations. At about the same time, Robert Mayer, a young German physician, arrived at a fundamental insight, namely that the muscular energy expended by the horse can be changed into another form: heat or motion of the molecules of the brass, but that energy is conserved in the process, and cannot be created or destroyed.
Applying this same principle to the case of the operation of a particle accelerator, Savage argues that within all particle accelerators, the high energy collision processes that lead to the creation of new massive particles in the collision of such particles as electrons and positrons or protons and anti-protons follow the same basic principle of energy conservation. Savage thus asks: is not the electromagnetic energy that powers the particle accelerator what horsepower was to the cannon borer?
Savage points out that at the present advanced stage of high energy physics, we know that electromagnetic energy is able to produce extremely high energy conditions which physicists believe prevailed at a very early stage of the universe's existence. He asks whether it might not also be the case that the universe, at such an early stage of its existence, would have "employed" electromagnetic energy to produce the same magnitude of prevailing high energy conditions and high energy particle interactions on a macrophysical scale which are produced today on a microphysical scale by particle accelerators.
His answer, like my own, is that the underlying fundamental physical nature of anything and everything that can be produced by more powerful accelerators will be some form or another of electromagnetic energy."
Ernest J. Sternglass, "Before the Big Bang: the Origins of the Universe and the Nature of Matter," pp. 288-289 (2nd edition 2001).