19岁献身非洲，女宣教士建立简陋机构拯救数千儿童生命
- 主题发起人 明的凡
- 开始时间
1、报道者CNN，臭名昭著的左媒谎媒；
2、在各种耸人听闻的标题下面，CNN总算却生生地写下了这么一段："According to Gibbs, in the 10 years that SHC has been operating, 3,600 children have been successfully treated and 105 have died. 在SHC运作以来的10年中，3600个儿童被成功治愈，105位死亡。而中文翻译对治愈数字只字不提；
3、官司背后的影武者：WPI和 NO White Saviour， 什么性质的组织一目了然；
4、任何医疗机构都有不能100%治愈率，该宣教士的团队拯救了3600多孩童的生命，仅有105死亡案例。这和当地儿童的生存率比如何？没有报道。当然，作为左媒，CNN是不会在意平衡报道这个新闻的基本原则的。
5、谁说中学毕业不能给人施行急救不能作为医生护士助理的？在教会建立现代医疗体系之前就无人能给人治病了？关键是该机构的介入是增加了当地病儿存活治愈的机会还是反之。而我们在这报道中看不到这样的数据，看到的只是一两个不幸并且被极左政治和新闻机构夸大利用的个例。
6、特蕾莎修女当年也曾大受攻击。
我们知道，只报道部分事实而掩盖另一面的事实是撒谎的最佳方式。
"她建立的公益组织，每年却能收到几万美元的捐款，这些钱购买的食物、药物、卫生用品，能够解决一部分没有生病孩子的需求。"（用“药品”解决“没有生病孩子的需求”？！）
"According to Gibbs, in the 10 years that SHC has been operating, 3,600 children have been successfully treated and 105 have died. 吉布斯说，在SHC运作以来的10年中，3600个儿童被成功治愈，105位死亡。
上面引述的这两段话的信息量如何？
最后编辑:
我也想借此演示一下引导性标题的力量。
19岁美国“圣母”：扎根非洲十几年，救死了100个孩子
金贾Jinja，位于乌干达东南部维多利亚湖畔，是国家的第二大商业中心。因为湖畔形成的瀑布，为这座城市带来了水利工程，渔业产量，每年的收入也超过了1400万美元。
（图源：google）
但经济不断发展的同时，传染性疟疾、艾滋、营养不良等状况，仍然困扰着乌干达以及东部非洲的其他国家。正因为如此，每一年，1600亿美元的捐助投入到了非洲，用来对抗各式各样的问题。
（图源：youtube）
无国界医生组织、UNICEF联合国儿童基金会，还有各式各样的NGOs非政府组织都有常驻的团队，深入到了最需要帮助的地区。
（图源：youtube）
他们之外，不少人以个人的名义，扎根当地，开展救助的工作。来自美国弗吉尼亚的Renee Bach芮内·芭驰，便是其中的一员。
（图源：SHC）
多年前，19岁，刚刚高中毕业的芮内，以传教士的名义跟着当地的教会去了一趟乌干达。贫困的状况、数量颇多患有营养不良的儿童，被这些情景深深触动的芮内，待了十天不到，她觉得受到“上帝召唤”，决定留下来救孩子。
（图源：SHC）
2008年的秋天，芮内在乌干达金贾成立了一个名叫“Serving His Children为上帝之子服务（缩写SHC）”的非营利性公益组织，目标是“帮助营养不良的孩子，能救一个是一个”。
（图源：SHC）
这一干，就是十几年。她扎根当地，设立网站，在上面写日记，记录每天前来寻求帮助的无助母亲和患病的儿童。从几天的婴儿到七八岁的儿童，她把家改成了和诊所没啥区别的治疗室，风风火火开了张。
（图源：SHC）
一个美国白人女性，深入非洲底层社区为营养不良的孩子奔走，还收养了一个出生十天母亲不幸去世的女婴，这种故事，怎么说怎么燃。传回弗吉尼亚的当地教会后，人们纷纷捐款，支撑了SHC多年来的运作。
（图源：SHC）
但今年三月，芮内却被两位乌干达母亲告上法庭。这两位名叫Gimbo Zubeda和Kakai Rose的妈妈在庭上说：“她杀了我们的孩子，还有其他100多个乌干达孩子！”
（图源：SHC）
扮演了多年救世主Savior身份的芮内，真的杀人了吗？事情的真相，渐渐浮现。
庭上，两位母亲的代理律师对法官说：“多年来，芮内在当地人的印象中，是一个穿着白大褂、戴着听诊器，坐在自己的‘诊所’里为人治病的医生。她会输液打针，每次检查孩子的时候，也会抽血化验。”
（图源：twitter）
“没有人曾经怀疑过她！”但事实上，高中毕业的芮内，从来没有接受过正式的医疗训练，连基本的护理都没有学习过。
没有学过医的‘江湖郎中’，随手就开诊所给孩子们‘看诊’？芮内，卖的是那壶药？仔细看一看芮内在博客上写的‘医疗日记’（目前已经被她的团队删除），各种她行医的细节，看得人脊柱一凉。
（图源：SHC）
“2011年6月12日。今天接诊了一个病危的新生儿，我开着货车就冲到了现场。看她没呼吸，我边开车边赶紧给孩子戴上了氧气面罩，有一阵手都没在方向盘上！幸好我姐和两个好朋友在路边等着我，不过好可惜，孩子最后还是死了。”
（图源：twitter）
另一篇日记里，她记录了如何拯救一个九个月大的垂死婴儿。“我给孩子戴上了氧气面罩，然后开始急救。体温、输液、血糖、查血（看她有没有疟疾），然后数了数她的心跳频率。我想了半天她的病因是啥，可能是血有问题。于是我在金贾到处找血源，最后找到了她的匹配血型，开始输血。”
（图源：SHC）
不送孩子去医院，自行看诊，甚至还搞输血这种操作，只是芮内“行医生涯”里的一个小小部分。
根据为她工作过，因为看了她在弗吉尼亚当地教会媒体写的宣传稿，因而前往乌干达的志愿者说：“这不是最过分的，有时候她会悄悄跑到当地医院，说服病童的家长，说自己更有经验，让他们把孩子送到自己那里。她也经常在‘培训’志愿者的时候说‘我真的很热爱医学’。”
（图源：SHC）
自恋、莽撞、无知，芮内几乎集合了所有患病儿童和他们的父母们惧怕的特点。
为了揭露她，曾经为她工作过，或者听说过其种种劣迹的志愿者和在非洲工作的其它NGO的工作人员，在一个名叫“No White Saviors不要白人救世主”的网站和社交媒体上发布了数篇调查报告。
“培养当地领导者，不要白人救世主！”（图源：NWS）
这些志愿者给出了一个个打脸芮内的例子和幸存者的证言，以及被她删除后的文章截图。“芮内·芭驰残害的孩子们，有些幸存了下来。这个女孩名叫Patricia，因为芮内违规输血，没有检查孩子的血型，她的身体受到了永久损伤。”
（图源：SHC）
“看看这个小男孩，他不会说话，手上的疤痕都拜她所赐。”
（图源：twitter）
甚至，连芮内领养的女儿，程序上都存在漏洞。2009年，芮内领养了母亲去世的女婴，前两年，又领养了另外一个婴儿，孩子的父母是否健在，领养的程序是否合法，都存在问号。
（图源：SHC）
非法行医导致病童伤亡的现实，终究是纸包不住火。2015年，金贾警方和乌干达卫生部在大量的民众反馈和抗议后，下令关闭了芮内的诊所。但事实的尴尬之处，便在于此。
尽管芮内的医疗操作是绝对的违法行为，她建立的公益组织，每年却能收到几万美元的捐款，这些钱购买的食物、药物、卫生用品，能够解决一部分没有生病孩子的需求。
（图源：SHC）
当地政府管理的混乱，善款和物品不能及时发放到基层的时候，芮内和她的团队，起到了一定的替代作用。与此同时的代价，是被违规治疗害死的孩子们。
2015年被政府关闭后，没过多久，芮内另起炉灶，在其他地区又开了新的地方。不过，这时候，芮内写日记的习惯暂时放缓，被救活和救死的孩子们，很少再出现在她的话术里。
她的照片和名字不再出现在官网上，取而代之的，都是乌干达当地的志愿者和医疗人员。可事实上，退居二线的芮内，私下里仍然大肆开展着自己的‘治疗’行动。她定期给新来的志愿者做医疗培训，打针喂药输血，建立了自己的一套标准。
（图源：youtube）
这期间，扒皮的报告出现，她的团队回应道：“我们的创始人从来没有说自己是专业医护人员，也没有在病童上做过实验，导致他们死亡。”
“就算是行医，她也是全程在专业医护人员的指导下，进行了协助，比如打点滴等等。”声明之外，她的团队给出了有乌干达医生护士在场的照片，意为她只是打杂的人。
“要真相的话，你看到事情的两面。完整的图片：芮内在医生的请求下，帮助有执照的医生。”
如此甩锅，让许多受害家庭的父母们十分愤怒。也就有了最开始说的，今年三月时，两位乌干达母亲将她告上法庭的案例。其中一位母亲说：“我的儿子如果还活着，今年已经两岁了。我感觉芮内从我怀中夺走了他，希望法官还我们正义。”
（图源：SHC）
芮内的种种劣迹，也向人们揭示了关于非洲大地志愿者圈子里不堪的一幕。
长久以来，志愿者，尤其以西方志愿者为例的群体们，经常出现在报章杂志的头条封面上。鲜明的肤色对比，暖人的微笑包装，以救世主身份‘降临’到非洲大陆的一批批志愿者们，在一定程度上解了许多孩子和家庭的燃眉之急。
（图源：SHC）
但与此同时，‘志愿旅游’、‘打卡拍照’的救助方式，也引起了许多人的批判。
（图源：SHC）
2015年诊所被关闭后，芮内在声明上写道：“2007年，我年纪很小的时候去了趟乌干达，不得不承认，我有着‘白人救世主White savior complex’的标签。”
（图源：AJ+）
白人救世主，讲的就是一些西方国家前往贫困地区的志愿者们，以一种他们是权威，贫困地区必须听从自己的指导才能变得更好，同时救助他们，实际上是完满自己人生，为自己添光加彩的群体。像芮内这样的白人救世主们，乐此不疲。
（图源：twitter）
揭露芮内的“No White Saviors不要白人救世主”在自己的社交页面上写道：“我们从来没有说过‘不要白人’。我们想让你们知道，你们（白人）不是故事里的英雄。”
“非殖民地化任务和发展工作，不要白人救世主！”（图源：NWS）
真正的英雄，是那些有着真才实学，驻扎在当地，授之以渔，实打实做事情，而不是写日记、拍照片，将自己完美包装的芮内们。
（图源：youtube）
金贾Jinja，位于乌干达东南部维多利亚湖畔，是国家的第二大商业中心。因为湖畔形成的瀑布，为这座城市带来了水利工程，渔业产量，每年的收入也超过了1400万美元。
（图源：google）
但经济不断发展的同时，传染性疟疾、艾滋、营养不良等状况，仍然困扰着乌干达以及东部非洲的其他国家。正因为如此，每一年，1600亿美元的捐助投入到了非洲，用来对抗各式各样的问题。
（图源：youtube）
无国界医生组织、UNICEF联合国儿童基金会，还有各式各样的NGOs非政府组织都有常驻的团队，深入到了最需要帮助的地区。
（图源：youtube）
他们之外，不少人以个人的名义，扎根当地，开展救助的工作。来自美国弗吉尼亚的Renee Bach芮内·芭驰，便是其中的一员。
（图源：SHC）
多年前，19岁，刚刚高中毕业的芮内，以传教士的名义跟着当地的教会去了一趟乌干达。贫困的状况、数量颇多患有营养不良的儿童，被这些情景深深触动的芮内，待了十天不到，她觉得受到“上帝召唤”，决定留下来救孩子。
（图源：SHC）
2008年的秋天，芮内在乌干达金贾成立了一个名叫“Serving His Children为上帝之子服务（缩写SHC）”的非营利性公益组织，目标是“帮助营养不良的孩子，能救一个是一个”。
这一干，就是十几年。她扎根当地，设立网站，在上面写日记，记录每天前来寻求帮助的无助母亲和患病的儿童。从几天的婴儿到七八岁的儿童，她把家改成了和诊所没啥区别的治疗室，风风火火开了张。
（图源：SHC）
一个美国白人女性，深入非洲底层社区为营养不良的孩子奔走，还收养了一个出生十天母亲不幸去世的女婴，这种故事，怎么说怎么燃。传回弗吉尼亚的当地教会后，人们纷纷捐款，支撑了SHC多年来的运作。
（图源：SHC）
但今年三月，芮内却被两位乌干达母亲告上法庭。这两位名叫Gimbo Zubeda和Kakai Rose的妈妈在庭上说：“她杀了我们的孩子，还有其他100多个乌干达孩子！”
（图源：SHC）
扮演了多年救世主Savior身份的芮内，真的杀人了吗？事情的真相，渐渐浮现。
庭上，两位母亲的代理律师对法官说：“多年来，芮内在当地人的印象中，是一个穿着白大褂、戴着听诊器，坐在自己的‘诊所’里为人治病的医生。她会输液打针，每次检查孩子的时候，也会抽血化验。”
（图源：twitter）
“没有人曾经怀疑过她！”但事实上，高中毕业的芮内，从来没有接受过正式的医疗训练，连基本的护理都没有学习过。
没有学过医的‘江湖郎中’，随手就开诊所给孩子们‘看诊’？芮内，卖的是那壶药？仔细看一看芮内在博客上写的‘医疗日记’（目前已经被她的团队删除），各种她行医的细节，看得人脊柱一凉。
（图源：SHC）
“2011年6月12日。今天接诊了一个病危的新生儿，我开着货车就冲到了现场。看她没呼吸，我边开车边赶紧给孩子戴上了氧气面罩，有一阵手都没在方向盘上！幸好我姐和两个好朋友在路边等着我，不过好可惜，孩子最后还是死了。”
（图源：twitter）
另一篇日记里，她记录了如何拯救一个九个月大的垂死婴儿。“我给孩子戴上了氧气面罩，然后开始急救。体温、输液、血糖、查血（看她有没有疟疾），然后数了数她的心跳频率。我想了半天她的病因是啥，可能是血有问题。于是我在金贾到处找血源，最后找到了她的匹配血型，开始输血。”
（图源：SHC）
不送孩子去医院，自行看诊，甚至还搞输血这种操作，只是芮内“行医生涯”里的一个小小部分。
根据为她工作过，因为看了她在弗吉尼亚当地教会媒体写的宣传稿，因而前往乌干达的志愿者说：“这不是最过分的，有时候她会悄悄跑到当地医院，说服病童的家长，说自己更有经验，让他们把孩子送到自己那里。她也经常在‘培训’志愿者的时候说‘我真的很热爱医学’。”
（图源：SHC）
自恋、莽撞、无知，芮内几乎集合了所有患病儿童和他们的父母们惧怕的特点。
为了揭露她，曾经为她工作过，或者听说过其种种劣迹的志愿者和在非洲工作的其它NGO的工作人员，在一个名叫“No White Saviors不要白人救世主”的网站和社交媒体上发布了数篇调查报告。
“培养当地领导者，不要白人救世主！”（图源：NWS）
这些志愿者给出了一个个打脸芮内的例子和幸存者的证言，以及被她删除后的文章截图。“芮内·芭驰残害的孩子们，有些幸存了下来。这个女孩名叫Patricia，因为芮内违规输血，没有检查孩子的血型，她的身体受到了永久损伤。”
（图源：SHC）
“看看这个小男孩，他不会说话，手上的疤痕都拜她所赐。”
（图源：twitter）
甚至，连芮内领养的女儿，程序上都存在漏洞。2009年，芮内领养了母亲去世的女婴，前两年，又领养了另外一个婴儿，孩子的父母是否健在，领养的程序是否合法，都存在问号。
（图源：SHC）
非法行医导致病童伤亡的现实，终究是纸包不住火。2015年，金贾警方和乌干达卫生部在大量的民众反馈和抗议后，下令关闭了芮内的诊所。但事实的尴尬之处，便在于此。
尽管芮内的医疗操作是绝对的违法行为，她建立的公益组织，每年却能收到几万美元的捐款，这些钱购买的食物、药物、卫生用品，能够解决一部分没有生病孩子的需求。
（图源：SHC）
当地政府管理的混乱，善款和物品不能及时发放到基层的时候，芮内和她的团队，起到了一定的替代作用。与此同时的代价，是被违规治疗害死的孩子们。
2015年被政府关闭后，没过多久，芮内另起炉灶，在其他地区又开了新的地方。不过，这时候，芮内写日记的习惯暂时放缓，被救活和救死的孩子们，很少再出现在她的话术里。
她的照片和名字不再出现在官网上，取而代之的，都是乌干达当地的志愿者和医疗人员。可事实上，退居二线的芮内，私下里仍然大肆开展着自己的‘治疗’行动。她定期给新来的志愿者做医疗培训，打针喂药输血，建立了自己的一套标准。
（图源：youtube）
这期间，扒皮的报告出现，她的团队回应道：“我们的创始人从来没有说自己是专业医护人员，也没有在病童上做过实验，导致他们死亡。”
“就算是行医，她也是全程在专业医护人员的指导下，进行了协助，比如打点滴等等。”声明之外，她的团队给出了有乌干达医生护士在场的照片，意为她只是打杂的人。
“要真相的话，你看到事情的两面。完整的图片：芮内在医生的请求下，帮助有执照的医生。”
如此甩锅，让许多受害家庭的父母们十分愤怒。也就有了最开始说的，今年三月时，两位乌干达母亲将她告上法庭的案例。其中一位母亲说：“我的儿子如果还活着，今年已经两岁了。我感觉芮内从我怀中夺走了他，希望法官还我们正义。”
（图源：SHC）
芮内的种种劣迹，也向人们揭示了关于非洲大地志愿者圈子里不堪的一幕。
长久以来，志愿者，尤其以西方志愿者为例的群体们，经常出现在报章杂志的头条封面上。鲜明的肤色对比，暖人的微笑包装，以救世主身份‘降临’到非洲大陆的一批批志愿者们，在一定程度上解了许多孩子和家庭的燃眉之急。
（图源：SHC）
但与此同时，‘志愿旅游’、‘打卡拍照’的救助方式，也引起了许多人的批判。
（图源：SHC）
2015年诊所被关闭后，芮内在声明上写道：“2007年，我年纪很小的时候去了趟乌干达，不得不承认，我有着‘白人救世主White savior complex’的标签。”
（图源：AJ+）
白人救世主，讲的就是一些西方国家前往贫困地区的志愿者们，以一种他们是权威，贫困地区必须听从自己的指导才能变得更好，同时救助他们，实际上是完满自己人生，为自己添光加彩的群体。像芮内这样的白人救世主们，乐此不疲。
（图源：twitter）
揭露芮内的“No White Saviors不要白人救世主”在自己的社交页面上写道：“我们从来没有说过‘不要白人’。我们想让你们知道，你们（白人）不是故事里的英雄。”
“非殖民地化任务和发展工作，不要白人救世主！”（图源：NWS）
真正的英雄，是那些有着真才实学，驻扎在当地，授之以渔，实打实做事情，而不是写日记、拍照片，将自己完美包装的芮内们。
（图源：youtube）
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儿童：降低死亡率
2018年9月19日
重要事实
五岁以下儿童
自1990年以来，全球在降低儿童死亡率方面取得了重大进展。全世界五岁以下儿童死亡人数从1990年的1260万人减至2017年的540万人，即每天死亡人数从1990年的3.4万人下降到1.5万人。1990年以来，全球5岁以下儿童死亡率降低了58%，从1990年的每千名活产93例死亡减至2017年的39例死亡。
尽管在世界范围内，五岁以下儿童死亡率在不断下降，但各地区和各国家之间仍存在差距。撒哈拉以南非洲地区仍是世界上五岁以下儿童死亡率最高的地区：每13名儿童中有一人在满五岁之前死亡，比高收入国家高出14倍。根据地理区域和社会经济条件，在各国之间也存在不平等现象。仅在2017年，如果每个国家的五岁以下儿童死亡率与该区域死亡率最低的国家持平，则可避免约440万例死亡；五岁以下儿童死亡总人数将会减少到100万。
五岁以下儿童死者中有半数以上是由那些通过可负担得起的简单干预措施得到预防和治疗的疾病所致。加强卫生系统，向所有儿童提供这类干预措施，就能拯救许多幼小的生命。
营养不良儿童，尤其是那些存在严重急性营养不良的儿童，死于诸如腹泻、肺炎和疟疾等常见儿童病症的危险更高。营养相关因素对五岁以下儿童死亡的贡献率达到约45%。
新生后期儿童死亡的主要原因：风险因素和应对
死亡原因 风险因素 预防 治疗
肺炎或其它急性呼吸道感染 低出生体重
营养不良
非母乳喂养儿童
过分拥挤的环境
疫苗接种
营养充足
纯母乳喂养
减少室内空气污染
由训练有素的卫生保健人员进行妥善护理
抗生素
对重症进行氧气治疗
儿童期腹泻 非母乳喂养儿童
不安全的饮用水和食品
个人不良卫生习惯
营养不良 纯母乳喂养
安全的水和食品
适当的卫生设施和个人卫生
营养充足
疫苗接种
低渗透压口服补液盐
锌补充剂
通过疫苗预防
对于某些最致命的儿童期疾病，如麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、白喉、破伤风、百日咳、肺炎链球菌和B型流感嗜血杆菌引起的肺炎以及轮状病毒引起的腹泻等，现已具备疫苗，可以防止儿童染病和死亡。
5-14岁儿童死亡率
2017年，5-14岁儿童的死亡概率为每千名五岁儿童中有7.2例死亡，约占2017年五岁以下儿童死亡率的18%。该年龄组每天约有2 500名儿童死亡。全球5-9岁儿童的死亡数占所有5至14岁儿童死亡人数的61%。损伤（包括道路交通伤、溺水、烧伤和跌落）是5-14岁儿童死亡和终身残疾的主要原因之一。大龄儿童和青少年的死亡模式反映了各年龄组的潜在风险状况，从儿童传染病转向事故和损伤，尤其是在大龄儿童和年幼青少年中间发生的溺水和道路交通伤害。
儿童健康方面的新重点
先天性异常、伤害和非传染性疾病（慢性呼吸道疾病、后天心脏病、儿童癌症、糖尿病和肥胖）是全球儿童健康议程中的新重点。每33名婴儿中就有1名先天性异常，每年导致320万名儿童罹患与出生缺陷有关的残疾。影响儿童及其以后生活的非传染性疾病全球负担在迅速上升，而许多风险因素是可以预防的。
同样，全球超重儿童的人数从2000年约3100万人增加到了2015年的4200万人，包括在儿童营养不良比率高的国家。
全球反应：可持续发展目标3
2015年联合国大会通过的可持续发展目标旨在确保所有儿童的健康生活方式并促进其福祉。可持续发展目标3旨在到2030年消除新生儿和5岁以下儿童可预防的死亡。
为了到2030年实现与五岁以下儿童死亡率有关的可持续发展目标[1]，全球四分之一以上的国家将需要加速推进这方面的进展，需在2017年至2030年期间，将五岁以下儿童死亡人数减少1000万。撒哈拉以南非洲地区和东南亚国家五岁以下儿童死亡占比80%，这些国家仍需要加大这方面的努力。
世卫组织的应对
世卫组织呼吁会员国通过全民健康覆盖工作实现卫生公平，使所有儿童都能够获得基本的卫生服务，同时不产生过大的经济困难。
从目前现状转向量身定制和多途径的创新方法，提高儿童保健服务的可及性、覆盖面和质量，这将需要确立战略方向，并在社区和设施之间寻求最佳基本护理组合，还需卫生部门和多部门的共同努力，解决不平等和健康的社会决定因素。
[1] 在每个国家将5岁以下儿童死亡率至少降至每千名活产婴儿25例。
2018年9月19日
重要事实
- 据估计，2017年有630万名15岁以下儿童死亡。其中540万名儿童未满五岁，250万名儿童在出生后第一个月内死亡。这意味着每天有1.5万名五岁以下儿童死亡。
- 这些早期儿童死亡一半以上是由一些通过负担得起的简单干预措施可以预防或治疗的病症所导致。
- 五岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因是早产并发症、肺炎、出生窒息、腹泻和疟疾。
- 这些死者中近半数为新生儿，随着年龄较大婴儿死亡率的不断下降，这一数字将会上升。
- 撒哈拉以南非洲儿童在五岁以前死亡的可能性是高收入国家儿童的14倍以上。
五岁以下儿童
自1990年以来，全球在降低儿童死亡率方面取得了重大进展。全世界五岁以下儿童死亡人数从1990年的1260万人减至2017年的540万人，即每天死亡人数从1990年的3.4万人下降到1.5万人。1990年以来，全球5岁以下儿童死亡率降低了58%，从1990年的每千名活产93例死亡减至2017年的39例死亡。
尽管在世界范围内，五岁以下儿童死亡率在不断下降，但各地区和各国家之间仍存在差距。撒哈拉以南非洲地区仍是世界上五岁以下儿童死亡率最高的地区：每13名儿童中有一人在满五岁之前死亡，比高收入国家高出14倍。根据地理区域和社会经济条件，在各国之间也存在不平等现象。仅在2017年，如果每个国家的五岁以下儿童死亡率与该区域死亡率最低的国家持平，则可避免约440万例死亡；五岁以下儿童死亡总人数将会减少到100万。
五岁以下儿童死者中有半数以上是由那些通过可负担得起的简单干预措施得到预防和治疗的疾病所致。加强卫生系统，向所有儿童提供这类干预措施，就能拯救许多幼小的生命。
营养不良儿童，尤其是那些存在严重急性营养不良的儿童，死于诸如腹泻、肺炎和疟疾等常见儿童病症的危险更高。营养相关因素对五岁以下儿童死亡的贡献率达到约45%。
新生后期儿童死亡的主要原因：风险因素和应对
死亡原因 风险因素 预防 治疗
肺炎或其它急性呼吸道感染 低出生体重
营养不良
非母乳喂养儿童
过分拥挤的环境
疫苗接种
营养充足
纯母乳喂养
减少室内空气污染
由训练有素的卫生保健人员进行妥善护理
抗生素
对重症进行氧气治疗
儿童期腹泻 非母乳喂养儿童
不安全的饮用水和食品
个人不良卫生习惯
营养不良 纯母乳喂养
安全的水和食品
适当的卫生设施和个人卫生
营养充足
疫苗接种
低渗透压口服补液盐
锌补充剂
通过疫苗预防
对于某些最致命的儿童期疾病，如麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、白喉、破伤风、百日咳、肺炎链球菌和B型流感嗜血杆菌引起的肺炎以及轮状病毒引起的腹泻等，现已具备疫苗，可以防止儿童染病和死亡。
5-14岁儿童死亡率
2017年，5-14岁儿童的死亡概率为每千名五岁儿童中有7.2例死亡，约占2017年五岁以下儿童死亡率的18%。该年龄组每天约有2 500名儿童死亡。全球5-9岁儿童的死亡数占所有5至14岁儿童死亡人数的61%。损伤（包括道路交通伤、溺水、烧伤和跌落）是5-14岁儿童死亡和终身残疾的主要原因之一。大龄儿童和青少年的死亡模式反映了各年龄组的潜在风险状况，从儿童传染病转向事故和损伤，尤其是在大龄儿童和年幼青少年中间发生的溺水和道路交通伤害。
儿童健康方面的新重点
先天性异常、伤害和非传染性疾病（慢性呼吸道疾病、后天心脏病、儿童癌症、糖尿病和肥胖）是全球儿童健康议程中的新重点。每33名婴儿中就有1名先天性异常，每年导致320万名儿童罹患与出生缺陷有关的残疾。影响儿童及其以后生活的非传染性疾病全球负担在迅速上升，而许多风险因素是可以预防的。
同样，全球超重儿童的人数从2000年约3100万人增加到了2015年的4200万人，包括在儿童营养不良比率高的国家。
全球反应：可持续发展目标3
2015年联合国大会通过的可持续发展目标旨在确保所有儿童的健康生活方式并促进其福祉。可持续发展目标3旨在到2030年消除新生儿和5岁以下儿童可预防的死亡。
- 在每个国家将新生儿死亡率至少降至每千名活产婴儿12例（可持续发展目标3.2）；
- 在每个国家将5岁以下儿童死亡率至少降至每千名活产婴儿25例（可持续发展目标3.2）。
为了到2030年实现与五岁以下儿童死亡率有关的可持续发展目标[1]，全球四分之一以上的国家将需要加速推进这方面的进展，需在2017年至2030年期间，将五岁以下儿童死亡人数减少1000万。撒哈拉以南非洲地区和东南亚国家五岁以下儿童死亡占比80%，这些国家仍需要加大这方面的努力。
世卫组织的应对
世卫组织呼吁会员国通过全民健康覆盖工作实现卫生公平，使所有儿童都能够获得基本的卫生服务，同时不产生过大的经济困难。
从目前现状转向量身定制和多途径的创新方法，提高儿童保健服务的可及性、覆盖面和质量，这将需要确立战略方向，并在社区和设施之间寻求最佳基本护理组合，还需卫生部门和多部门的共同努力，解决不平等和健康的社会决定因素。
[1] 在每个国家将5岁以下儿童死亡率至少降至每千名活产婴儿25例。
https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/03/africa/renee-bach-lawsuit-uganda-intl/index.html
American missionary in 'unlawful medical practice' suit after babies died in Uganda
(CNN)An American missionary has been accused of posing as a medical expert in Uganda, in a case involving the deaths of two local children.
Renee Bach and her non-profit Serving His Children (SHC) have been named in a civil lawsuitfiled in Uganda for operating a "medical facility" without a license.
The plaintiffs include Women's Probono Initiative (WPI) an organization that promotes women's human rights in Uganda and Gimbo Zubeda and Kakai Annet, who allege that actions by Bach and SHC led to the death of Zubeda and Annet's babies.
The suit, which was filed in January and provided to CNN by WPI, alleges that Bach and SHC "have unlawfully practiced medicine and offered medical services to unsuspecting vulnerable children." Bach is not a medical professional; she is the founder of SHC, which describes itself as a religious nonprofit.
Bach was interviewed about her organization by two local TV stations in Virginia in 2017, CNN affiliates WSET and WSLS. "Our focus is malnutrition," she told WSLS at the time, "We do preventative care programs and also treatment services."
'A God-given vision'
Butaccording to WPI,Zubeda and Annet were led to believe that Bach was a "medical doctor" and that her home in Uganda's Jinja district was a "medical facility," as she was often seen "wearing a white coat, a stethoscope and often administered medications to children in her care."
Two former SHC employees also believed that Bach was a doctor, according to affidavits filed in support of the lawsuit, they said they had observed Bach in a "clinical coat" and assumed she was a medical professional.
CNN has reached out to Bach and her parents directly for comment but has not yet heard back.
Kids for sale: 'My mom was tricked'
A press release given to CNN by Bach's attorney David Gibbs III says that she "worked alongside Ugandan medical professionals, she learned skills to help provide assistance as necessary; and she often assisted nurses and other healthcare professionals to serve in crisis situations."
Gibbs, of the National Center for Life and Liberty, represents both Bach and SHC.
Exhibits presented within the lawsuit include a screenshot of the SHC website,picturing Bach with a young girl in her arms next to the title "Renee Bach/Founder, Director: Africa."
One section reads, "Serving His Children has grown from the God-given vision of a young woman to a ministry that is saving and changing hundreds of lives every year. She is passionate about the children of Uganda and loves hands-on involvement in their medical care, as well as being a part of mentoring their moms."
Spurious allegations
In an interview with CNN, Gibbs denied that Bach misrepresented herself as a medical professional while in Uganda.
"The allegations that are being put forward we think are spurious and are not meritorious," he said. Bach had "no lack of sympathy for these mothers who have lost their children," Gibbs said in response to the lawsuit.
The lawyer said that one child named in the lawsuit had not actually been treated by the organization at all. While the other child was treated by SHC, however Bach was out of the country at the time.
Gibbs added that his client was willing to testify in court and provide any information needed. Bach has already appeared in a March 12 hearing and could face trial early next year.
Red flags wave over Uganda's adoption boom
The lawsuit states that SHC "was closed by the Jinja District Health Services Office in the year 2015 and ordered to refer all children under its care to available government health facilities but still continues to admit children to its premises."
'Deaths of hundreds of children'
Dr. Dyogo Peter, the Jinja District Health Officer, confirmed the 2015 SHC closure and transfer of the children to a government health facility in a phone call with CNN.
The lawsuit also claims that Bach and SHC's actions have caused the "death of hundreds of children," citing a former employee who claims to have delivered the bodies of children who died in the facility back to their home villages.
In an affidavit, SHC's former driver Charles Olweny stated that he worked there for eight years and that he "would drive at least seven to ten bodies of children back to their villages each week."
He stated that he would offer fifty thousand (50,000) Uganda Shillings, a small coffin and a bag of maize meal to each family as a form of condolence, according to the document.
In response, Gibbs described Olweny's testimony as "tremendously inaccurate," saying that there were affidavits questioning his "integrity and veracity."
"At that rate of death, you'd be talking thousands of children would have just passed away and that's just not accurate," Gibbs said.
According to Gibbs, in the 10 years that SHC has been operating, 3,600 children have been successfully treated and 105 have died.
'My heart breaks every time'
In court exhibits and in archived online images, blog posts written by Bach vividly recounts how she cared for desperate children and adults at her facility.
In an October 11, 2011 post labeled "Patricia," Bach writes, "I immediately ushered them into the clinic. I hooked the baby up to oxygen and got to work... As I took her temperature, started an IV, checked her blood sugar, tested for malaria, and looked at her HB count, they began to tell me her story.... A story that I feel I have heard many times before. But even though I've heard countless similar stories, my heart still breaks every time."
Bach continues, "She needed a blood transfusion. And fast. ...About 30 minutes into her transfusion, she started to show signs of having anaphylactic reaction. Not good. Not good at all. Her neck and face started swelling. A lot. I'm talking about a ton of swelling. Within 15 minutes her breathing went from bad to worse. Her throat was beginning to close. We gave her an antihistamine and off to Kampala we went....".
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Bach's post says that the baby needed a second transfusion at the hospital and later developed a wound on her face that only disappeared after "we were able to get the proper medication to stop the spreading," she wrote.
According to the blog post, Patricia survived.
In a video that WPI says they will use in court as evidence, Bach says she got a malnourished child transferred from a hospital to her own facility.
The video, titled "Baby Moses: The Full Story,"details how Bach went to a hospital three times in one day, in order to get the child discharged.
"The intern doctors weren't there so we continued to just go and check on him...we were able to get him discharged and transferred here to our facility," she says. It is unclear what happened to Moses after the video was recorded.
While Bach's blog talks about many of the successes she says she has had in restoring children to proper health, it also contains stories of deaths at SHC.
In one of Bach's 2012 blog posts, she says an unnamed baby and a woman named Lydia died at the facility.
'Ethically horrid'
Other materials given to CNN by WPI include pictures of Bach wearing gloves and appearing to attach something to a baby's head while it is hooked up to a breathing machine.
Pictures and a promotional video sent to CNN by WPI also show Bach using a stethoscope on small children at the facility.
"What she was up to is ethically horrid," says Art Caplan, the founding head of the Division of Medical Ethics at NYU Langone School said about Bach's case.
"It's a reminder...when you're present in poor countries and you put on a white coat and wear a stethoscope or sound like a doctor, people are so desperate that they trust you and betraying that trust is one of the worst things anyone can do... I think she was trying to do good but that drive to handle very tough, miserable health circumstances led her down the absolute wrong path so it's not an excuse."
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In response to the presence of alleged visual proof provided in court documents that Bach participated in the medical treatment of children, Gibbs says,
"First of all, we have to remember we are in Uganda, okay. So there are different standards and she has clearly helped assist doctors and nurses and other folks.
"You know, Renee has a lot of medical training whether it was CPR training or the placement of IV's or other things...but she was never a licensed medical doctor or nurse. So she would assist when that would be helpful."
"But the allegation that she was over there pretending to be a doctor or holding herself out there as a nurse is nonsense," he added.
Gibbs says Bach is now back temporarily in the States and there are concerns for her and her family's safety as she has received death threats.
The website for Serving His Childrenwebsite is still active, though all social media accounts connected to the page have been taken down for Bach's safety, according to Gibbs.
American missionary in 'unlawful medical practice' suit after babies died in Uganda
(CNN)An American missionary has been accused of posing as a medical expert in Uganda, in a case involving the deaths of two local children.
Renee Bach and her non-profit Serving His Children (SHC) have been named in a civil lawsuitfiled in Uganda for operating a "medical facility" without a license.
The plaintiffs include Women's Probono Initiative (WPI) an organization that promotes women's human rights in Uganda and Gimbo Zubeda and Kakai Annet, who allege that actions by Bach and SHC led to the death of Zubeda and Annet's babies.
The suit, which was filed in January and provided to CNN by WPI, alleges that Bach and SHC "have unlawfully practiced medicine and offered medical services to unsuspecting vulnerable children." Bach is not a medical professional; she is the founder of SHC, which describes itself as a religious nonprofit.
Bach was interviewed about her organization by two local TV stations in Virginia in 2017, CNN affiliates WSET and WSLS. "Our focus is malnutrition," she told WSLS at the time, "We do preventative care programs and also treatment services."
'A God-given vision'
Butaccording to WPI,Zubeda and Annet were led to believe that Bach was a "medical doctor" and that her home in Uganda's Jinja district was a "medical facility," as she was often seen "wearing a white coat, a stethoscope and often administered medications to children in her care."
Two former SHC employees also believed that Bach was a doctor, according to affidavits filed in support of the lawsuit, they said they had observed Bach in a "clinical coat" and assumed she was a medical professional.
CNN has reached out to Bach and her parents directly for comment but has not yet heard back.
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A press release given to CNN by Bach's attorney David Gibbs III says that she "worked alongside Ugandan medical professionals, she learned skills to help provide assistance as necessary; and she often assisted nurses and other healthcare professionals to serve in crisis situations."
Gibbs, of the National Center for Life and Liberty, represents both Bach and SHC.
Exhibits presented within the lawsuit include a screenshot of the SHC website,picturing Bach with a young girl in her arms next to the title "Renee Bach/Founder, Director: Africa."
One section reads, "Serving His Children has grown from the God-given vision of a young woman to a ministry that is saving and changing hundreds of lives every year. She is passionate about the children of Uganda and loves hands-on involvement in their medical care, as well as being a part of mentoring their moms."
Spurious allegations
In an interview with CNN, Gibbs denied that Bach misrepresented herself as a medical professional while in Uganda.
"The allegations that are being put forward we think are spurious and are not meritorious," he said. Bach had "no lack of sympathy for these mothers who have lost their children," Gibbs said in response to the lawsuit.
The lawyer said that one child named in the lawsuit had not actually been treated by the organization at all. While the other child was treated by SHC, however Bach was out of the country at the time.
Gibbs added that his client was willing to testify in court and provide any information needed. Bach has already appeared in a March 12 hearing and could face trial early next year.
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The lawsuit states that SHC "was closed by the Jinja District Health Services Office in the year 2015 and ordered to refer all children under its care to available government health facilities but still continues to admit children to its premises."
'Deaths of hundreds of children'
Dr. Dyogo Peter, the Jinja District Health Officer, confirmed the 2015 SHC closure and transfer of the children to a government health facility in a phone call with CNN.
The lawsuit also claims that Bach and SHC's actions have caused the "death of hundreds of children," citing a former employee who claims to have delivered the bodies of children who died in the facility back to their home villages.
In an affidavit, SHC's former driver Charles Olweny stated that he worked there for eight years and that he "would drive at least seven to ten bodies of children back to their villages each week."
He stated that he would offer fifty thousand (50,000) Uganda Shillings, a small coffin and a bag of maize meal to each family as a form of condolence, according to the document.
In response, Gibbs described Olweny's testimony as "tremendously inaccurate," saying that there were affidavits questioning his "integrity and veracity."
"At that rate of death, you'd be talking thousands of children would have just passed away and that's just not accurate," Gibbs said.
According to Gibbs, in the 10 years that SHC has been operating, 3,600 children have been successfully treated and 105 have died.
'My heart breaks every time'
In court exhibits and in archived online images, blog posts written by Bach vividly recounts how she cared for desperate children and adults at her facility.
In an October 11, 2011 post labeled "Patricia," Bach writes, "I immediately ushered them into the clinic. I hooked the baby up to oxygen and got to work... As I took her temperature, started an IV, checked her blood sugar, tested for malaria, and looked at her HB count, they began to tell me her story.... A story that I feel I have heard many times before. But even though I've heard countless similar stories, my heart still breaks every time."
Bach continues, "She needed a blood transfusion. And fast. ...About 30 minutes into her transfusion, she started to show signs of having anaphylactic reaction. Not good. Not good at all. Her neck and face started swelling. A lot. I'm talking about a ton of swelling. Within 15 minutes her breathing went from bad to worse. Her throat was beginning to close. We gave her an antihistamine and off to Kampala we went....".
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Bach's post says that the baby needed a second transfusion at the hospital and later developed a wound on her face that only disappeared after "we were able to get the proper medication to stop the spreading," she wrote.
According to the blog post, Patricia survived.
In a video that WPI says they will use in court as evidence, Bach says she got a malnourished child transferred from a hospital to her own facility.
The video, titled "Baby Moses: The Full Story,"details how Bach went to a hospital three times in one day, in order to get the child discharged.
"The intern doctors weren't there so we continued to just go and check on him...we were able to get him discharged and transferred here to our facility," she says. It is unclear what happened to Moses after the video was recorded.
While Bach's blog talks about many of the successes she says she has had in restoring children to proper health, it also contains stories of deaths at SHC.
In one of Bach's 2012 blog posts, she says an unnamed baby and a woman named Lydia died at the facility.
'Ethically horrid'
Other materials given to CNN by WPI include pictures of Bach wearing gloves and appearing to attach something to a baby's head while it is hooked up to a breathing machine.
Pictures and a promotional video sent to CNN by WPI also show Bach using a stethoscope on small children at the facility.
"What she was up to is ethically horrid," says Art Caplan, the founding head of the Division of Medical Ethics at NYU Langone School said about Bach's case.
"It's a reminder...when you're present in poor countries and you put on a white coat and wear a stethoscope or sound like a doctor, people are so desperate that they trust you and betraying that trust is one of the worst things anyone can do... I think she was trying to do good but that drive to handle very tough, miserable health circumstances led her down the absolute wrong path so it's not an excuse."
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In response to the presence of alleged visual proof provided in court documents that Bach participated in the medical treatment of children, Gibbs says,
"First of all, we have to remember we are in Uganda, okay. So there are different standards and she has clearly helped assist doctors and nurses and other folks.
"You know, Renee has a lot of medical training whether it was CPR training or the placement of IV's or other things...but she was never a licensed medical doctor or nurse. So she would assist when that would be helpful."
"But the allegation that she was over there pretending to be a doctor or holding herself out there as a nurse is nonsense," he added.
Gibbs says Bach is now back temporarily in the States and there are concerns for her and her family's safety as she has received death threats.
The website for Serving His Childrenwebsite is still active, though all social media accounts connected to the page have been taken down for Bach's safety, according to Gibbs.
儿童死亡率9.3%。而该宣教机构的病童死亡率是这个数字的1/3不到: 2.92%。
- 注册
- 2004-02-10
- 消息
- 12,890
- 荣誉分数
- 3,037
- 声望点数
- 373
一般没获救济的儿童死亡率有数据参考吗？对比一下
这没办法，落后的地方观念就落后。本国人别再为此斗来斗去就好了。
去做这种事就是凭着自己的良心，去救人不一定为了让别人夸赞。对不对得起良心只有他们自己知道。自己清楚也就足够了，别人不宜评价。学习她好的地方，从错误中吸取教训才是有意义的
