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Religious and political views[edit]
Islamophobia and Zionism[edit]
Following his apprehension, Breivik was characterised by analysts as being a right-wing extremist with
anti-Muslim views and a deep-seated hatred of Islam,
[177] who considered himself a knight dedicated to stemming the tide of Muslim immigration into Europe.
[178][179]
He was at first described by many in the media as a
Christian fundamentalist,
Christian terrorist, nationalist and right-wing extremist.
[66][180][181][182][183][184] He claims that the
European Union is a project to create "
Eurabia"
[185][186][187] and describes the
1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia as being authorised by "criminal western European and American leaders".
[188] The Jerusalem Post describes him as pro-
Israel and strongly opposed to Islam, and asserts that his manifesto includes "extreme screed of Islamophobia" and "far-right
Zionism".
[9] In his writings Breivik states that "the
Battle of Vienna in 1683 should be celebrated as the Independence Day for all Western Europeans as it was the beginning of the end for the second Islamic wave of Jihads."
[189]
The manifesto urges the Hindu nationalists to drive Muslims out of India.
[190] He demands the forced
deportation of all Muslims from Europe, based on the model of the
Beneš decrees.
[15][191]
Christianity[edit]
In 2009, he wrote "Today's Protestant church is a joke. Priests in jeans who march for Palestine and churches that look like minimalist shopping centres. I am a supporter of an indirect collective conversion of the Protestant church back to the Catholic."
[192] Before the attacks, he stated an intention to attend
Frogner Church in a final "Martyr's mass".
[193]
The manifesto states its author is "100 percent Christian",
[32] but he is not "excessively religious"
[32] and considers himself a "
cultural Christian" and a "modern-day crusader".
[32][194] His manifesto states "I'm not going to pretend I'm a very religious person, as that would be a lie", calls religion a crutch and a source for drawing mental strength, and says "I've always been very pragmatic and influenced by my secular surroundings and environment." Regarding the term
cultural Christian, which he says means preserving European culture, he notes, "It is enough that you are a Christian-agnostic or a
Christian-atheist (an atheist who wants to preserve at least the basics of the European Christian cultural legacy...)"
[184][194] Furthermore, Breivik stated that "myself and many more like me do not necessarily have a
personal relationship with Jesus Christ and
God."
[194][195] Nevertheless, he stated that he planned to pray to God for help during his attacks.
[196]
Breivik condemned
Pope Benedict XVI for his dialogue with Islam: "Pope Benedict has abandoned Christianity and all Christian Europeans and is to be considered a cowardly, incompetent, corrupt and illegitimate Pope." It will thus be necessary, writes Breivik, to overthrow the Protestant and Catholic hierarchies, after which a "Great Christian Congress" would set up a new European Church.
[197] He has also condemned
Christian missionary activity in India as it would lead to the "total destruction of the
Hindu faith and culture", and he expresses support for the
Hindutva movement against Indian Communist movements.
[198]
American Christian press has also highlighted that Breivik appears to have addressed followers of the Neopagan religion of
Odinism in his writ. In regards to them, he says, "even Odinists can fight with us or by our side as brothers" in the Knights Templar organisation of which Breivik claims to be a founding member. He later advocates rejecting Odinism, saying that the
Thor's Hammer cannot unify the people of Europe, but that the
Christian cross will.
[199]
Deputy police chief
Roger Andresen initially told reporters that information on Breivik's websites was "so to speak,
Christian fundamentalist".
[66][200][201][202] Many mainstream media like
The New York Times call him a Christian fundamentalist.
[203] Others have disputed Andresen's characterisation of Breivik as a Christian fundamentalist.
[197][204]