欧洲多地发生强雾霾 巴黎机动车限速20公里

[reine02]

欧洲多地发生强雾霾 巴黎机动车限速20公里
时间：2015-03-19

本周三巴黎和法国北部部分地区被浓厚的雾霾笼罩，埃菲尔铁塔只能依稀可见，人们惊呼法国这是怎么了！

若不是看到埃菲尔铁塔，怎能让人相信这是巴黎！

据英国媒体《卫报》消息，空气污染状况的飙升引起了法国政府的重视，政府迅速出台紧急措施，比如降低机动车限速标准(20公里/小时)、禁止焚烧垃圾，法国空气质量检测机构Airparif提高了空气污染警告级别，目前为次最高危险级别。其它举措还包括两辆车中只允许一辆进入巴黎以及公共交通免费乘坐。

Airparif认为雾霾的成因主要是季节性天气类型和农场以及车辆通行排放的尾气。由于法国北部最近气压较高，雾霾被困在大气中无法消散。高压地区会造成空气沉降，将污染物和霾困在较低的空气中。再加上最近法国寒冷潮湿的天气，导致了硝酸铵等污染化合物水平居高不下。

Airparif对直径在10微米以下的大气颗粒物浓度进行了测量，这些颗粒由于会进入人体肺部，给哮喘患者造成呼吸系统问题，长期接触这些细颗粒物还可能致癌，所以说是非常危险的小颗粒。

PM10的安全极限是每立方米80微克，本周三Airparif 预测PM10的最高水平在80-95之间。去年也是这个时候，巴黎也遇到过一次类似的污染，导致当局直接限制了上路的机动车数量。当时的那次空气污染是2007年以来席卷欧洲地区的最严重的一次。更讽刺的是，巴黎将于12月举办一次关键性联合国气候变化大会。

不过，近日发生强雾霾的欧洲城市却并非只有巴黎。与法国隔着一条英吉利海峡的大不列颠近期也被笼罩在雾霾之中。

英国媒体曼彻斯特晚间新闻网18日报道称，尽管此前有预报称当天会是个晴天，可天公不作美，偏偏从早晨开始就是个大雾霾天。

英国曼彻斯特现重度雾霾

鉴于曼彻斯特地区普降大雾，英国媒体《每日邮报》近日发出雾霾预警。由于去年春天重度雾霾曾经袭击了该国首都伦敦，很多民众吸入雾霾空气后感到不适。不少人担忧今年春天是否也会如去年一样。

去年春天，重度雾霾曾袭击伦敦

英国的邻国爱尔兰也没好到哪儿去。爱尔兰媒体thejournal在18日对雾霾天气的报道中，警告人们“路上小心，提防大雾”。

据实时空气质量指数检测网站aqicn.org提供的图表显示，欧洲多地的空气质量并不乐观。

图中数字为空气污染指数（Air Quality Index，数字越高表示空气质量越差；红色表示重度污染——观察者网注）

据这张图显示的数据，西欧国家英国和法国是雾霾的重灾区；欧洲中部的情况略好，不过也有多地进入了橙色的警戒区域；东欧国家波兰和捷克有部分城市雾霾较为严重。值得注意的是，俄罗斯首都莫斯科的空气质量尤为糟糕，空气污染指数达到了惊人的452。


19 March 2015 Last updated at 09:15 ET
'Very high' air pollution in Wales from Paris smog

The Tax Office in Llanishen, Cardiff was completely hidden by the smog on Thursday

Smog which has blown from Paris has caused air pollution levels to be "very high" across Wales.

Air monitoring stations in Cardiff, Newport and Chepstow have all shown high levels of particle pollution.

The smog blew over the English Channel from Paris and the current high atmospheric pressure has led to hazy visibility.

People who suffer from breathing difficulties are being warned about the potentially harmful cloud of smog.

"If it is hazy out there, conditions are not that great" - Meteorologist Helen Willetts

The thick smog also descended over the M4 in Cardiff as commuters made their way into the city

The air pollution covered swathes of Wales with Wrexham badly affected

Smog contains a health-harming pollutant called ozone

The smog is expected to remain at a raised level until the weekend

 

[贵圈]

亚投行。

 

[臭农民]

好了，雾霾欧洲也有，我国又站起来了

 

[ccc]

莫斯科污染怎么那么严重啊！

 

[ccc]

致病毒雾席卷英国

 

[urus]

给了柴进一记响亮的耳光。 告诉丫：中国人民不可侮！！

 

[urus]

好了，雾霾欧洲也有，我国又站起来了

天朝雾霾获得了无可争议的合法性！这是我国无产阶级革命的有一个伟大胜利！

 

[salas88]

好了，雾霾欧洲也有，我国又站起来了

 

[salas88]

给了柴进一记响亮的耳光。 告诉丫：中国人民不可侮！！

小旋风？

 

[urus]

小旋风？

江湖人送匪号 “血手人屠”

不过， 有些话， 也只有老柴家的人来说， 别人家，谁有丹书铁卷呢？这是姓柴的天然宿命

 

[贵圈]

渥太华冬天也曾经出现过雾霾。

 

[贵圈]

必须说，柴静的分析漏了对天气原因的分析。雾霾应该是污染+气候变化的共同产物。

污染=化石能源的不干净的燃烧？
气候=温室效应？

包括欧洲在内，后者已经难以避免了，只能在污染着方面着力了。支持国家通过降低排污治理雾霾。

 

[9981]

foggy vs smoggy, same thing?

奇怪， 英语那么好的小篆居然视而不见

 

[臭农民]

foggy vs smoggy, same thing?

奇怪， 英语那么好的小篆居然视而不见

小篆看到楼主(CFC大怪)早笑而不语了

 

[reine02]

浏览附件497272 浏览附件497273 浏览附件497275

致病毒雾席卷英国

UK issues health warnings as smog cloud spreads across Europe
Karl Mathiesen
Thursday 19 March 2015 12.21 GMT

Up to 90% of the pollution has blown in from European cities causing a spike in levels across Britain and triggering warnings to asthma sufferers and older people

A cloud of toxic smog from the continent is hanging over the UK today raising pollution levels and putting peoples’ health at risk. Pictured here is the smog cloud hanging over Cardiff, 19 March. Photograph: Wales News Service

The UK government issued health warnings on Thursday as a dangerous cloud of smog continued to drift across much of Europe.

The smog alert level was moderate for most parts of the UK, with some pockets of denser smog around Doncaster and the north east of England attracting a high alert warning that suggests older people should avoid strenuous exercise.

An environment department (Defra) spokeswoman said: “Winds bringing in pollution from the continent, combined with locally generated pollution and still weather conditions has led to some high pollution measurements across the UK. Levels are expected to go down later today with moderate or low levels predicted for tomorrow.”

Andrew Grieve, an air quality expert at King’s College London, said analysis of the cloud showed that up to 90% of the pollution was generated in European cities, much of it “stale diesel” from traffic.

“A large majority of what we are seeing at the moment is the imported pollution from traffic and industrial sources on the continent,” he said.

The cloud of smog has sat over much of Europe for the past two days. Cities in France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Poland and Lithuania we affected. A high pressure system caused light winds across the continent. Stagnant air collects pollution, some of which is light enough to drift many hundreds of kilometres.

In the UK smog levels peaked on Tuesday. A light southerly breeze pushed the cloud across England, Wales and Scotland on Tuesday. A change began arriving on Thursday morning with strong north-easterly conditions expected on Friday to clear the smog away.

Defra urged asthma sufferers and those with heart and lung problems should reduce their activity under moderate alert conditions. In areas under high alert older people were told to avoid strenuous exercise.

Kay Boycott, chief executive of Asthma UK, said asthma sufferers should carry their inhaler on them while pollution levels remained high. “Two-thirds of people with asthma find that air pollution makes their asthma worse, putting them at an increased risk of a potentially fatal asthma attack.

“People with asthma have told us that on days when air pollution levels are high they feel that they can’t even leave the house for fear that it will trigger an attack.”

A Met Office spokeswoman told the Press Association that Friday morning’s solar eclipse was more likely to be affected by cloud cover than the smog.

“It is fairly cloudy tomorrow, but there is a possibility that there might be some breaks in the cloud, but it is not really possible to say where. However, most people should still be able to experience it becoming dark,” she said.

A picture shows cars on the parisian betltway on March 18, 2015 in Paris, as the French capital is experciencing a pollution peak. Photograph: Martin Bureau/AFP/Getty Images

Smog contains particles of soot and chemicals released primarily by diesel and petrol exhausts. In the UK almost 29,000 people die prematurely each year due to air pollution.

The government has struggled to reduce its air pollution levels, partly due to a supportive tax structure for diesel engines which emit more particulates than petrol engines. The UK is predicted to be in breach of EU regulations on nitrogen dioxide until 2030, 20 years after EU limits became law.

Alan Andrews, clean air project leader at Client Earth said the combination of local and continental sources of pollution required both national and European responses.

“These types of pollution episodes are caused by pollution coming over from Europe, settling and combining with homegrown pollution. We need as a priority to get our own house in order by tackling this home-grown pollution,” he said.

Client Earth will take the government to the UK Supreme Court next month for its failure to meet European targets.

“But what an event like this shows us is we cant do this by ourselves. We need a Europe-wide solution,” said Andrews.

Greens MEP Keith Taylor MEP said the smog highlighted the necessity for a new approach to air pollution in the UK.

”This latest pollution episode shows the government’s spectacular failure in tackling air pollution. The most important thing for the UK government to do is to urgently make plans to drastically cut the UK’s pollution from diesel vehicles,” he said.