abovewater
新手上路
我写了一篇关于Marijuana的blog是英文的（在我自己的博客上）。本人工作和这些事情有关。所以为了科普，我把它翻译成中文给大家讲一下。先声明了哦，是个人意见。有可能会出错，而且，，不代表我个人支持使用大麻哦。
翻译：
明天是加拿大选举日。许多人指责Trudeau先生的自由党，他们打算把大麻在加拿大合法化[1]。什么是大麻呢？从Wikipedia的解释大麻指的是“从大麻植物（cannabis）来的干叶，花，茎，和大麻种子”。该植物含有活性成分Δ-9-四氢大麻酚（delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC），和至少84其它大麻素 (cannabinoids)，如大麻二酚（cannabidiol, CBD），大麻酚（cannabinol, CBN），和tetrahydrocannabivarin（THCV）。这些化学物质作用于神经对人体的精神和身体产生影响。他们当然有很多不良的危害，如减少短期记忆，导致口干，使运动功能受损，眼睛发红，还可以导致偏执和焦虑[2]。另外，大麻听起来更像是“街头毒品”并容易滥用。大麻给人们留下了不好的印象，认为食用大麻就是坏人。然而，我们也应该承认，大麻是可以用来作为医疗药物的。它用于治疗头痛，某些癌症，或长期的病痛，像青光眼或神经疼痛[3]。一个有趣的新闻[8]表明，大麻带来制药公司的一大隐患，特别是对那些制造和销售止痛片，焦虑症，癫痫，甚至是抗癌药物的公司。因为大麻，连同其提取的活性成分，都显示了治疗这些病症的有益效果（包括治疗癌症癌！）。最近的新闻，大麻被认为比酒精在各个方面都好[5]。
目前，大麻在加拿大被‘大麻医疗目的条例’（Medical Purposes Regulations， MMPR）监管。在这里，干燥的大麻并不被认做是医药，但可以被授权用于由医疗从业者（healthcare practitioner）使用。据加拿大卫生部网站，“加拿大政府并不宣扬（endorsement, 我实在翻译不出来)使用大麻，但是当医生授权，法院可以要求合理使用有合法来源的大麻”。事实上，从加拿大卫生部的网站上，跟据来自公共领域的信息[4]，加拿大有正在申请临床试验(Clinical Trial Applications, CTA)用大麻治疗骨关节炎，和正在进行的临床试验使用的大麻的活性成分四氢大麻酚 （THC)和大麻二酚（CBD）治疗的成年患者抽动秽语综合征（tourette's syndrome）。 MMPR法规列出了种植大麻并经营大麻生意需要遵守的严谨严格的申请程序。同时，加拿大也限制大麻在‘大麻医疗使用规则’（Marihuana Medical Access Regulations， MMAR）中列出的使用量。个人可持有干燥大麻的最大数量,要么是授权书上的用量或是150克，以较少者为准。尽管有严格的规定，大麻现在仍然很容易被青少年滥用。
事实上，Trudeau自由党提出要“合法化，规范和限制使用大麻” 。据CTV的消息，目前保守党指责自由党计划将在便利店兜售大麻，因此更容易使孩子们上瘾。然而，Trudeau说，他的重点是“使之更难被青少年拿到”，和免除偶尔使用大麻是犯罪。另外，大麻还可以带来新的财政收入。新的更强更有力的法律用来监管大麻会开始生效，以更多地严惩那些提供给青少年大麻的人，那些驾车时服用大麻的人，和在新的监管框架之外兜售大麻的人。它更像是限制酒精在酒类专卖店给青少年。所以我们将拭目以待，看是自由党或者保守派赢得明天的选举。
原文：
Tomorrow is the big Canada election day. Many people blame Mr. Trudeau from the Liberal party for their intention to legalize Marijuana in the country [1]. What is marihuana? Marijuana refers to "the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa". The plant contains the active ingredients delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) , and at least 84 other cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), which are psycoactive and execute mental and physical effects. They certainly have many undesirable harms, such as decrease in short-term memory, dry mouth, impaired motor skills, red eyes, and feelings of paranoia or anxiety [2], and Marihuana sounds like 'street drugs' for abuse and gives bad impressions that it is taken only by 'bad' people. However, we should also acknowledge that cannabis can also be used as a medical drug, for treatment of headaches, certain cancers, or long-term conditions, like glaucoma or nerve pain [3]. An interesting news [8] suggests that Cannabis poses a major risks to pharmaceutical companies, especially for those companies "which sell medications for pain and anxiety and epilepsy – and possibly cancer". Because cannabis, together with its active ingredients from extraction, shows beneficial effects on all these conditions. In recent news, marijuana is believed to be better than alcohol in many different ways [5].
Currently, marijuana is regulated under the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR) in Canada. Dried marijuana is not an approved drug or medicine here, but can be authorised for use by a healthcare practitioner. According to Health Canada website, "The Government of Canada does not endorse the use of marijuana, but the courts have required reasonable access to a legal source of marijuana when authorized by a healthcare practitioner." In fact, according to the information from public domain[4] from Health Canada website, there are pending clinical trial applications (CTAs) in Canada for the medical use of cannabis for treatment of Osteoarthritis, and ongoing clinical trial for using the actives ingredients THC and CBD for treatment of tourette's syndrome in adult patients. MMPR regulation lists strict and rigorous application process for people who want to plant marijuana and start marijuana business for medicinal use. There is also amount limitation on the usage of Marijuana listed in the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR), indicating individuals with an 'Authorization to Process', may hold a maximum quantity of dried marijuana as specified by their 'Authorization to Possess' or 150 grams, whichever is less. Despite the rigorous regulation, Marijuana is still being easily accessed by young teenagers.
In fact, Trudeau from the Liberal Party proposes to "legalize, regulate, and restrict access to marijuana". According to the CTA news, the current Conservative party has accused Mr. Trudeau of "planning to make marijuana available in corner stores, and therefore easier for children to get their hands on". However, Trudeau states that he is focusing on " making it more difficult for young people to access it" by removing marijuana consumption and incidental possession from the Criminal Code. New and Stronger laws will come into force to punish more severely to those who provide it to teenagers, those who operate a motor vehicle while taking it, and those who sell it outside of the new regulatory framework. It is more like restrict alcohol to teenagers in liquor stores. We will wait and see if Liberal or Conservative wins for tomorrow's election.
Reference:
[1] Liberal Marijuana. https://www.liberal.ca/realchange/marijuana/
[2] Wiki. Cannabis Toxicity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)#Toxicity
[3] Medical Marijuana. http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/features/medical-marijuana-uses
[4] Health Canada Office of Clinical Trials database. http://ctdb-bdec.hc-sc.gc.ca/ctdb-bdec/index-eng.jsp.
[5] Marijuana vs. Alcohol: The Effects Psychoactive Drugs Have On Physical And Mental Health. http://www.medicaldaily.com/marijua...-drugs-have-physical-and-mental-health-332094
[6] Cannabis: how can Stephen Harper be so persistently, desperately wrong? http://www.nationalobserver.com/201...n-harper-be-so-persistently-desperately-wrong
[7] Trudeau promises to legalize marijuana, not sell it in depanneurs. http://montreal.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-...marijuana-not-sell-it-in-depanneurs-1.2546046
[8] Hazards of cannabis – for drug makers, not for human health. http://www.nationalobserver.com/201...n-harper-be-so-persistently-desperately-wrong
翻译：
明天是加拿大选举日。许多人指责Trudeau先生的自由党，他们打算把大麻在加拿大合法化[1]。什么是大麻呢？从Wikipedia的解释大麻指的是“从大麻植物（cannabis）来的干叶，花，茎，和大麻种子”。该植物含有活性成分Δ-9-四氢大麻酚（delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, THC），和至少84其它大麻素 (cannabinoids)，如大麻二酚（cannabidiol, CBD），大麻酚（cannabinol, CBN），和tetrahydrocannabivarin（THCV）。这些化学物质作用于神经对人体的精神和身体产生影响。他们当然有很多不良的危害，如减少短期记忆，导致口干，使运动功能受损，眼睛发红，还可以导致偏执和焦虑[2]。另外，大麻听起来更像是“街头毒品”并容易滥用。大麻给人们留下了不好的印象，认为食用大麻就是坏人。然而，我们也应该承认，大麻是可以用来作为医疗药物的。它用于治疗头痛，某些癌症，或长期的病痛，像青光眼或神经疼痛[3]。一个有趣的新闻[8]表明，大麻带来制药公司的一大隐患，特别是对那些制造和销售止痛片，焦虑症，癫痫，甚至是抗癌药物的公司。因为大麻，连同其提取的活性成分，都显示了治疗这些病症的有益效果（包括治疗癌症癌！）。最近的新闻，大麻被认为比酒精在各个方面都好[5]。
目前，大麻在加拿大被‘大麻医疗目的条例’（Medical Purposes Regulations， MMPR）监管。在这里，干燥的大麻并不被认做是医药，但可以被授权用于由医疗从业者（healthcare practitioner）使用。据加拿大卫生部网站，“加拿大政府并不宣扬（endorsement, 我实在翻译不出来)使用大麻，但是当医生授权，法院可以要求合理使用有合法来源的大麻”。事实上，从加拿大卫生部的网站上，跟据来自公共领域的信息[4]，加拿大有正在申请临床试验(Clinical Trial Applications, CTA)用大麻治疗骨关节炎，和正在进行的临床试验使用的大麻的活性成分四氢大麻酚 （THC)和大麻二酚（CBD）治疗的成年患者抽动秽语综合征（tourette's syndrome）。 MMPR法规列出了种植大麻并经营大麻生意需要遵守的严谨严格的申请程序。同时，加拿大也限制大麻在‘大麻医疗使用规则’（Marihuana Medical Access Regulations， MMAR）中列出的使用量。个人可持有干燥大麻的最大数量,要么是授权书上的用量或是150克，以较少者为准。尽管有严格的规定，大麻现在仍然很容易被青少年滥用。
事实上，Trudeau自由党提出要“合法化，规范和限制使用大麻” 。据CTV的消息，目前保守党指责自由党计划将在便利店兜售大麻，因此更容易使孩子们上瘾。然而，Trudeau说，他的重点是“使之更难被青少年拿到”，和免除偶尔使用大麻是犯罪。另外，大麻还可以带来新的财政收入。新的更强更有力的法律用来监管大麻会开始生效，以更多地严惩那些提供给青少年大麻的人，那些驾车时服用大麻的人，和在新的监管框架之外兜售大麻的人。它更像是限制酒精在酒类专卖店给青少年。所以我们将拭目以待，看是自由党或者保守派赢得明天的选举。
原文：
Tomorrow is the big Canada election day. Many people blame Mr. Trudeau from the Liberal party for their intention to legalize Marijuana in the country [1]. What is marihuana? Marijuana refers to "the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa". The plant contains the active ingredients delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) , and at least 84 other cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), which are psycoactive and execute mental and physical effects. They certainly have many undesirable harms, such as decrease in short-term memory, dry mouth, impaired motor skills, red eyes, and feelings of paranoia or anxiety [2], and Marihuana sounds like 'street drugs' for abuse and gives bad impressions that it is taken only by 'bad' people. However, we should also acknowledge that cannabis can also be used as a medical drug, for treatment of headaches, certain cancers, or long-term conditions, like glaucoma or nerve pain [3]. An interesting news [8] suggests that Cannabis poses a major risks to pharmaceutical companies, especially for those companies "which sell medications for pain and anxiety and epilepsy – and possibly cancer". Because cannabis, together with its active ingredients from extraction, shows beneficial effects on all these conditions. In recent news, marijuana is believed to be better than alcohol in many different ways [5].
Currently, marijuana is regulated under the Marihuana for Medical Purposes Regulations (MMPR) in Canada. Dried marijuana is not an approved drug or medicine here, but can be authorised for use by a healthcare practitioner. According to Health Canada website, "The Government of Canada does not endorse the use of marijuana, but the courts have required reasonable access to a legal source of marijuana when authorized by a healthcare practitioner." In fact, according to the information from public domain[4] from Health Canada website, there are pending clinical trial applications (CTAs) in Canada for the medical use of cannabis for treatment of Osteoarthritis, and ongoing clinical trial for using the actives ingredients THC and CBD for treatment of tourette's syndrome in adult patients. MMPR regulation lists strict and rigorous application process for people who want to plant marijuana and start marijuana business for medicinal use. There is also amount limitation on the usage of Marijuana listed in the Marihuana Medical Access Regulations (MMAR), indicating individuals with an 'Authorization to Process', may hold a maximum quantity of dried marijuana as specified by their 'Authorization to Possess' or 150 grams, whichever is less. Despite the rigorous regulation, Marijuana is still being easily accessed by young teenagers.
In fact, Trudeau from the Liberal Party proposes to "legalize, regulate, and restrict access to marijuana". According to the CTA news, the current Conservative party has accused Mr. Trudeau of "planning to make marijuana available in corner stores, and therefore easier for children to get their hands on". However, Trudeau states that he is focusing on " making it more difficult for young people to access it" by removing marijuana consumption and incidental possession from the Criminal Code. New and Stronger laws will come into force to punish more severely to those who provide it to teenagers, those who operate a motor vehicle while taking it, and those who sell it outside of the new regulatory framework. It is more like restrict alcohol to teenagers in liquor stores. We will wait and see if Liberal or Conservative wins for tomorrow's election.
Reference:
[1] Liberal Marijuana. https://www.liberal.ca/realchange/marijuana/
[2] Wiki. Cannabis Toxicity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)#Toxicity
[3] Medical Marijuana. http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/features/medical-marijuana-uses
[4] Health Canada Office of Clinical Trials database. http://ctdb-bdec.hc-sc.gc.ca/ctdb-bdec/index-eng.jsp.
[5] Marijuana vs. Alcohol: The Effects Psychoactive Drugs Have On Physical And Mental Health. http://www.medicaldaily.com/marijua...-drugs-have-physical-and-mental-health-332094
[6] Cannabis: how can Stephen Harper be so persistently, desperately wrong? http://www.nationalobserver.com/201...n-harper-be-so-persistently-desperately-wrong
[7] Trudeau promises to legalize marijuana, not sell it in depanneurs. http://montreal.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-...marijuana-not-sell-it-in-depanneurs-1.2546046
[8] Hazards of cannabis – for drug makers, not for human health. http://www.nationalobserver.com/201...n-harper-be-so-persistently-desperately-wrong
最后编辑:
