VANCOUVER—A high-profile American defence attorney and a former Canadian ambassador to China say it’s very unlikely the United States government will fail to meet the deadline to request Huawei CFO Meng Wanzhou’s extradition.
Under Canadian law, foreign governments have 60 days to file a formal request for extradition following the arrest of an accused person in Canada, or the accused must be released. As of Monday’s end, 52 days will have elapsed since Meng was arrested on Dec. 1.
Huawei chief financial officer Meng Wanzhou arrives at a parole office with a security guard in Vancouver on Dec. 12. Under Canadian law, foreign governments have 60 days to file a formal request for extradition. As of Monday’s end, 52 days will have elapsed since Meng was arrested. (Darryl Dyck / The Canadian Press)
But the Canadian Department of Justice said it had not received the request for extradition as of Jan. 17.
Jeffrey Lichtman, a New York defence lawyer known for representing John Gotti Jr. and Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman, said it’s nearly certain that the U.S. will file the request on time.
“They usually wait as late as possible to put in the papers showing probable cause, and they usually use the full 60 days,” Lichtman said in an interview.
“It’s a pretty big to-do to put forth the resources to capture someone in a foreign country — (to) ask that foreign country, tell them you’re going to be getting extradition proceedings — and then not follow up with it?
“You can bet they’re coming up with the paperwork.”
David Mulroney, a former Canadian ambassador to China, said that at this stage, not following through with an extradition request would cause substantial damage to foreign relations and the ability for the U.S. to enforce international sanctions.
“The result of that would be ... immediate damage to our international legal system that depends on things like extradition,” Mulroney said.
“Because in a case that’s perceived as being politically difficult, why would you extradite to the United States, take all of this heat, if the United States wasn’t serious about following through?”
Assuming the request meets the 60-day deadline, what follows is a 30-day period in which the Canadian Minister of Justice must grant an approval to proceed with an extradition for the case to move ahead.
Gary Botting, a Vancouver lawyer whose book on Canada-U.S. extradition has been cited by the Supreme Court of Canada, said 90 per cent of requests for extradition from the U.S. are approved by Canadian ministers. One of the things the Canadian minister will have to look for is whether the offence Meng is accused of in the U.S. is also a criminal offence in Canada.
The U.S. government alleges Meng committed fraud in a September 2013 meeting with an HSBC representative by stating that Huawei was in compliance with sanctions against Iran.
“Bank fraud, mail fraud, these things that Meng is accused of, and conspiracy in all of the above, are very serious offences. What Canada will do is, say, does this amount to fraud, common fraud? If it does, it’s a criminal offence and anything more serious must be criminal offences, so we’ve met the test,” Botting said.
In the meantime, lawyers for both the Canadian government and Meng are expected to receive a “record of the case” as part of the U.S. request-for-extradition package. This package will likely include a summary of evidence and witnesses the U.S. government intends to rely on should the case go to trial.
Botting said Meng will be given an opportunity to challenge the strength of the U.S. evidence, but few ever succeed. The common exceptions are cases in which key witnesses have passed away or a witness recants their testimony.
Another defence strategy for Meng could be to allege her Charter rights were violated and allege that her right to a fair hearing has been undermined.
“(For example), if the U.S. says something really bold or brazen, like, ‘We’re going to use her as a bargaining chip in the next negotiations,’ that could be a Charter issue,” Botting said.
Arguments over the strength of the U.S. summary of evidence will likely take place in the months leading up to the formal extradition hearing, said Peter Edelmann, another extradition lawyer in Vancouver. During this time, government lawyers will likely make additional filings to court to fill any gaps in the information provided by the U.S., he said.
“Such as more information on identification, or on intent to fraud, or whatever information it is in this particular case. Then (Canadian government lawyers) will get in touch with the U.S. Department of Justice and ask if they actually have evidence ... They’ll say yes and set that out,” Edelmann said. “What Ms. Meng’s lawyers will certainly be looking at is what are the problems with this.”
Edelmann said months down the line, the extradition hearing proper, known as a committal hearing, will take place. Here, the judge is expected to hear arguments on legal tests that should be applied and possibly arguments over legal technicalities of fraud to decide whether the U.S. allegations would meet the test to hold trial. Only if the judge agrees would Meng then be committed to extradition, pending any appeals.
Meng, who has been released on a $10-million bail, is scheduled to return to court on Feb. 6, currently listed as a routine hearing to schedule future court dates. Meng’s lawyers have not to date responded to any requests for comment.