全球领先疫苗，39支疫苗进入3期实验，10月13日，德国法国放弃两款mRNA疫苗，转为研发新一代疫苗和加强剂。中国两款疫苗进入第三期试验。

[lindamy]

意大利疫情反弹。


浏览附件964034

现在各国都挺危险，很多地方疫情明显加重。

 

[lindamy]

前面几个回合，各国斗法，接下来，且看疫苗施展神奇助攻，选用哪种疫苗？接种策略安排，应当运用西点，黄埔的策略，体制，执行力，国力，国民素质等等综合素质又一轮考验。

1 hr 7 min ago

France is seeing signs of a “third wave” in pandemic, prime minister says​

From CNN's Eva Tapiero

French Prime Minister Jean Castex speaks during a session at the National Assembly in Paris, on March 16. Alain Jocard/AFP/Getty Images

France is experiencing “what looks like a kind of third wave” of the coronavirus pandemic, Prime Minister Jean Castex told lawmakers Tuesday.

Speaking at the French National Assembly, the prime minister said the country has seen a rise in cases of new coronavirus variants, warning that the third wave has been “characterized by variants, a lot of them.”

“The so-called British variant is taking an increasingly important place,” he added.

Castex is set to participate in a televised interview on Tuesday evening, in which he is expected to speak about the coronavirus pandemic.

 

[向问天]

前面几个回合，各国斗法，接下来，且看疫苗施展神奇助攻，选用哪种疫苗？接种策略安排，应当运用西点，黄埔的策略，体制，执行力，国力，国民素质等等综合素质又一轮考验。

现在看来各种疫苗基本有效，关键是产量跟不上需求。现在是比生产能力。

 

[lindamy]

1 hr 17 min ago

Medicago and GlaxoSmithKline announce Covid-19 vaccine trials​

From CNN's Jacqueline Howard

The GlaxoSmithKline company headquarters in London, England. Martyn Williams/Alamy

Biopharmaceutical company Medicago has developed an experimental coronavirus vaccine candidate, which uses drug giant GlaxoSmithKline's (GSK) adjuvant.

An adjuvant is added to some vaccines to enhance the immune response, which creates stronger immunity against infections.

In this case, Medicago's vaccine uses virus-like particles grown in a close relative of the tobacco plant. The vaccine combines the particles with GSK's adjuvant to generate an immune response.

The two companies announced on Thursday that the vaccine candidate was entering Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials.

The trial will evaluate the vaccine's efficacy, safety and ability to provoke an immune response.

The Phase 2 trial will part be conducted in multiple sites in Canada and, upon allowance from the US Food and Drug Administration, in the US.

The volunteers will include healthy adults ages 18 to 64 and elderly adults over 65, according to the announcement. Each age group will include more than 300 subjects.

MEDICAGO AND GSK START PHASE 3 TRIAL OF ADJUVANTED COVID-19 VACCINE CANDIDATE​

March 16, 2021

Media | Medicago

Welcome to Medicago’s Media Room, where you can find our latest news, key facts, figures and background information.

www.medicago.com

Quebec-based Medicago begins late-stage study of COVID-19 vaccine​

Canadian drug developer Medicago said on Tuesday it had started a late-stage study of its experimental COVID-19 vaccine combined with a booster from GlaxoSmithKline .

The study plans to eventually enroll 30,000 participants and initially focus on healthy adults, followed by adults over the age of 65 and those with co-morbidities.

Medicago, which has Canada's most advanced COVID-19 vaccine project under development, expects to report results from a mid-stage trial of the vaccine in April.

The Medicago vaccine uses a technology known as virus-like particles, which mimics the structure of the coronavirus, but contain no genetic material from it.

Quebec-based Medicago begins late-stage study of COVID-19 vaccine

Canadian drug developer Medicago said on Tuesday it had started a late-stage study of its experimental COVID-19 vaccine combined with a booster from GlaxoSmithKline .

www.ctvnews.ca

加拿大魁北克Medicago 和英国 GSK 的Virus-like particles 疫苗开始最后阶段试验，预计将在4月报告中期结果。

这款疫苗在去年11月中旬已经开始2/3，二期和三期试验。

New additions and recent updates
March 16	Canada’s Medicago begins a Phase 3 trial of a plant-derived vaccine.
March 16	Meissa Vaccines begins a Phase 1 trial of an intranasal vaccine.
March 16	Iran’s Ministry of Defence announces a new Phase 1 vaccine.
March 15	China authorizes a vaccine by Anhui Zhifei Longcom and IMCAS.
March 15	Germany, France and Italy are the latest countries to suspend use of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine.
March 13	Brazil gives full approval to the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine.
March 12	A vaccine from Sanofi and Translate Bio enters Phase 1/2.
March 11	Novavax reports strong trial results.
March 11	Italy’s ReiThera moves to Phase 2/3.
March 11	The European Union authorizes Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine.
March 11	Denmark, Iceland and Norway suspend the use of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine because of concerns about blood clots.

 

[lindamy]

那个疫苗更有效​

来源: fuz 于 2021-03-19 01:42:57

原来的题头是：“各类疫苗的抗体滴度与中和性抗体滴度（摘要和解读）”，不大吸晴，只有不到700点阅。

下面链接中的文章，详细介绍了疫苗效价的评估和检测方法。

新冠疫苗开发与评价：抗体滴度与中和性抗体滴度检测_trimer

上表来自于上面链接。

列举四大类疫苗的特点和抗体滴度。

倒数第二行是中和抗体滴度与恢复者血清相比较的倍数，反应了疫苗理论上的有效性。

解读如下：

1. Moderna(mRNA疫苗）在第二针后二周时的中和效价是恢复者血清的四倍左右。按年龄段，56-70岁人群最高；71+组最低。（大多数文学城网友应该在最佳年龄段，一定要去打mRNA疫苗啊）

2. Novavax（重组蛋白疫苗）与Moderna疫苗的效价接近。测试组年龄在18-59岁，没有60+。（这个疫苗也很好啊）

3. 科兴（CoronaVac)灭活疫苗的中和抗体，仅为恢复者的0.17倍（约1/6）。年龄段在18-59岁。其有效性，不言而喻。

4. 康希诺（Ad5-nCov)腺病毒载体疫苗，没有使用与上述疫苗同样的指标。但用了与科兴疫苗相同的另一指标，其数值不如科兴的。还有那个阳转率，只有约一半的受试者产生了中和抗体，在55+年龄段不到1/3。（从这些数据来看，这个疫苗不适合老年人）

这些指标测试的结果，与临床试验中所展示的有效性在总体趋势上是一致的，可以排除临试及各种报道中其它人为干扰因素的影响。（即各种阴谋论和吹牛）。


附
1. 阳转率：摘自 我国首个新冠疫苗抗体阳转率99.52% 保护效力79.34%_YNET.com北青网

“中和抗体，可以通俗地理解为能够对抗病原体的抗体，是疫苗起保护作用的基础。99.52%的中和抗体阳转率意味着，在接种两针疫苗的人中，有99.52%的受试者产生了中和抗体。

但是，产生中和抗体不代表疫苗就能起到保护作用，还需要抗体达到有效的浓度等。并且，由于个体差异，以及接触的病毒量的大小，相同浓度的抗体对不同人的保护作用可能也不同。”

2. Novavax疫苗临试数据
Novavax Covid-19 Vaccine Performs Well In Clinical Trials, But Variants Remain A Threat

Against the wild-type strain of the virus, the two-dose vaccine posted 96.4% efficacy. Notably, the vaccine was also 100% effective in preventing severe disease, which included symptoms like tachypnea, high resting heart rate, required ventilation, hospitalization, among others.

Included in those 15,000 participants were also infections via the highly transmissible UK variant of the virus. The vaccine still posted an impressive 86.3% efficacy against the variant, which comes to an overall vaccine efficacy of 89.7% among the 15,000 participant study. Additionally, of non-placebo participants in the trial, only one case of Covid-19 was reported among those 65 and older, a demographic heavily hit by the pandemic.

那个疫苗更有效 - fuz发表于 健康养生 - 论坛 | 文学城

bbs.wenxuecity.com

 

[lindamy]

古巴第二款疫苗Abdala进入第三期试验。

另一款古巴疫苗在3月4日进入第三期试验。

3月20日，古巴第二款疫苗进入第三期试验。

3月15日，今天中国批准安徽智飞生物公司和北京医学科学院的生物医学研究所的蛋白质亚基（不知翻译得是否正确，与Novavax属于同一类疫苗）疫苗的获得早期使用特批许可。

3月11日，意大利的ReiThera 的非复制型病毒载体疫苗进入2/3期试验。

3月11日，美国Novavax 的蛋白重组疫苗三期试验显示很好的结果。

3月18日中国批准安徽智飞生物公司和北京医学科学院的生物医学研究所的蛋白质亚基疫苗的获得早期使用特批许可，3月20日古巴第二款疫苗进入三期试验。​

New additions and recent updates
March 5 加拿大批准Johnson & Johnson 疫苗。	Canada authorizes Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine.
March 4	A vaccine from BioNet-Asia and Australia’s Technovalia enters Phase 1.
March 4 古巴疫苗在哈瓦那招募44,010志愿者参加第3期试验。	Cuba’s Soberana 2 vaccine moves to Phase 3.
March 1	Massachusetts-based VBI Vaccines enters Phase 1/2.
Feb. 27	The Food and Drug Administration authorizes Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine for emergency use.
Feb. 26	Canada authorizes the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine for emergency use.
Feb. 25	China approves two vaccines by CanSino and Sinopharm for general use.
Feb. 25	Bahrain authorizes Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine for emergency use.
Feb. 22	A vaccine developed by the Icahn School of Medicine enters Phase 1.
Feb. 22	Sanofi moves to Phase 2.
Feb. 20	Russia approves the Chumakov Center vaccine for early use.
Feb. 18	China’s Shenzhen Kangtai moves to Phase 2.
Feb. 16	A nasal spray from India’s Bharat Biotech enters Phase 1.
Feb. 10	A vaccine from Italy’s Takis and Rottapharm enters Phase 1.

PHASE 3

The Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Cuba launched a trial at the end of November on a coronavirus vaccine called Abdala. The name is from a poem by the nineteenth-century poet José Marti. The Abdala vaccine consists of a piece of the coronavirus spike protein called the receptor binding domain. On Feb. 1, the center held a press conference to announce the start of a Phase 2 trial. A Phase 3 trial that will recruite up to 48,000 participants was launched on March 18.
Updated March 20

 

[lindamy]

Pfizer/BioNTech says its Covid-19 vaccine is 100% effective and well tolerated in adolescents | CNN

Clinical trial results of Pfizer/BioNTech's Covid-19 vaccine show it is 100% efficacious and well tolerated in youths 12-15.

www.cnn.com

辉瑞疫苗：100%有效而且适合于儿童。

 

[ottawa_tj]

Pfizer/BioNTech says its Covid-19 vaccine is 100% effective and well tolerated in adolescents | CNN

Clinical trial results of Pfizer/BioNTech's Covid-19 vaccine show it is 100% efficacious and well tolerated in youths 12-15.

www.cnn.com

辉瑞疫苗：100%有效而且适合于儿童。

12岁以上

 

[lindamy]

12岁以上

7 hr 14 min ago

Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine is 100% effective in 12-15 year olds, clinical trial results show​

From CNN Health’s Lauren Mascarenhas

Clinical trial results of Pfizer/BioNTech's Covid-19 vaccine showed its efficacy is 100% and it is well tolerated in youths ages 12 to 15, the companies said Wednesday.

Pfizer/BioNTech plan to submit the data to the US Food and Drug Administration as soon as possible for expanded emergency use authorization of the two-dose vaccine.

In a Phase 3 trial of 2,260 participants ages 12 to 15 years in the US, the vaccine elicited strong antibody responses one month after the second dose, exceeding those demonstrated in people ages 16 to 25 in previous trials, Pfizer/BioNTech reported. The vaccine is currently authorized in the US for emergency use in people ages 16 and older.

Researchers observed 18 Covid-19 cases among the 1,129 participants who were given a placebo, and none among the 1,131 participants who were given the vaccine. The data has yet to be peer reviewed.

Pfizer/BioNTech added that the side effects observed in people ages 12 to 15 were similar to those seen in 16 to 25-year-olds. The participants will be monitored for protection and safety for two years after their second dose.

“We share the urgency to expand the authorization of our vaccine to use in younger populations and are encouraged by the clinical trial data from adolescents between the ages of 12 and 15,” said Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla.

"We plan to submit these data to FDA as a proposed amendment to our Emergency Use Authorization in the coming weeks and to other regulators around the world, with the hope of starting to vaccinate this age group before the start of the next school year.”

A separate Phase 1/2/3 study of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in children ages 6 months to 11 years launched last week, when the first participants ages 5 to 11 received a shot.

Pfizer/BioNTech plans to begin dosing 2 to 5-year-olds next week and work its way down to participants ages 6 months to 2 years. The company aims to enroll 4,644 children in the trial and expects results by the end of 2021.

Moderna is also testing its Covid-19 vaccine in adolescents and children, in two clinical trials of children ages 12 to 17 and those ages 6 months to 11 years.
Read more here:

RELATED

Pfizer/BioNTech says its Covid-19 vaccine is 100% effective and well tolerated in adolescents​

 

[lindamy]

4 hr 47 min ago

Pfizer says Covid-19 vaccine works against variants, and protection lasts at least six months​

From CNN's Maggie Fox

Vials of the Pfizer/BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine in Manning, South Carolina, on March 12. Micah Green/Bloomberg/Getty Images

The ongoing Phase 3 clinical trial of Pfizer/BioNTech's coronavirus vaccine confirms its protection lasts at least six months after the second dose, the companies said Thursday.

It also appears to be fully effective against the worrying B.1.351 variant of the virus, which is the dominant strain circulating in South Africa and which researchers feared had evolved to evade the protection of vaccines, the companies said.

The results are the first look at how long protection for a coronavirus vaccine lasts, and while six months is a modest target, it's longer than the 90 days of protection that had been the best estimate offered to date.

The vaccine remains more than 91% effective against disease with any symptoms for six months, the companies said.

"The vaccine was 100% effective against severe disease as defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and 95.3% effective against severe COVID-19 as defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)," Pfizer and BioNTech said in a joint statement.

On Wednesday, the companies said a small trial of volunteers aged 12 to 15 showed 100% efficacy in that age group.
Read the full story here:


RELATED

Pfizer says Covid-19 vaccine protection lasts at least six months, protects against variants​

 

[lindamy]

国产四种疫苗有效率从50%到79%​

来源: heisse 于 2021-04-06 21:47:05

Each of the following vaccines has received use authorization in at least one country.

Name	Manufacturer	Type of vaccine	Efficacy rate
BNT162b2	Pfizer-BioNTech	mRNA	95%
mRNA-1273	Moderna	mRNA	94.5%
Ad26.COV2.S	Janssen (Johnson & Johnson)	Viral vector	66%
AZD1222	Oxford-AstraZeneca	Viral vector	81.3%Trusted Source
Covishield*	Serum Institute of India	Viral vector	81.3%
Ad5-nCov	CanSino	Viral vector	65.28%
Sputnik V	Gamaleya	Viral vector	91.6%Trusted Source
Covaxin	Bharat Biotech	Inactivated	80.6%
BBIBP-CorV	Sinopharm (Beijing)	Inactivated	79.34%Trusted Source
Inactivated (Vero Cell)	Sinopharm (Wuhan)	Inactivated	72.51%
CoronaVac	Sinovac	Inactivated	50.38%
RBD-dimer	Anhui Zhifei Longcom	Protein subunit	Unknown
EpiVacCorona	FBRI	Protein subunit	Unknown

* Covishield is the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine produced for India.

国产四种疫苗有效率从50%到79% - heisse发表于 健康养生 - 论坛 | 文学城

bbs.wenxuecity.com

 

[lindamy]

3 min ago

Third vaccine dose likely needed within 6 to 12 months, Pfizer CEO says​

From CNN's Naomi Thomas and Amanda Sealy

Albert Bourla, chief executive officer of Pfizer pharmaceutical company, is seen at the New York Stock Exchange on January 17, 2019, in New York City. Drew Angerer/Getty Images

People are likely to need a booster dose of vaccine six to 12 months after their first round, Albert Bourla, CEO of Pfizer, said.

Real-world data shows the Pfizer vaccine is effective against a worrying variant of coronavirus first seen in South Africa, called B.1.351, Bourla said during a CVS Health Live event posted to Facebook Thursday. “Protection goes down by time but still in six months it’s still extremely, extremely high,” he said.

“If you ask me, I think that there will be a need, based on these data, for revaccinations,” Bourla added.

Bourla said it remains to be seen how often this would have to happen, but “a likely scenario is that there will be likely a need for a third dose somewhere between six and 12 months and then from there, there will be an annual re-vaccination. But all this needs to be confirmed.”

“In pandemics, you are as protected as your neighbor,” Bourla said. He said that’s why it’s important that all countries get their citizens vaccinated.

 

[向问天]

3 min ago

Third vaccine dose likely needed within 6 to 12 months, Pfizer CEO says​

From CNN's Naomi Thomas and Amanda Sealy

Albert Bourla, chief executive officer of Pfizer pharmaceutical company, is seen at the New York Stock Exchange on January 17, 2019, in New York City. Drew Angerer/Getty Images

People are likely to need a booster dose of vaccine six to 12 months after their first round, Albert Bourla, CEO of Pfizer, said.

Real-world data shows the Pfizer vaccine is effective against a worrying variant of coronavirus first seen in South Africa, called B.1.351, Bourla said during a CVS Health Live event posted to Facebook Thursday. “Protection goes down by time but still in six months it’s still extremely, extremely high,” he said.



Bourla said it remains to be seen how often this would have to happen, but “a likely scenario is that there will be likely a need for a third dose somewhere between six and 12 months and then from there, there will be an annual re-vaccination. But all this needs to be confirmed.”

“In pandemics, you are as protected as your neighbor,” Bourla said. He said that’s why it’s important that all countries get their citizens vaccinated.

果然要打3针、4针了。

我们还一针都没有。哎

 

[lindamy]

New additions and recent updates
April 23	The European Commission is preparing a legal case against AstraZeneca for failing to deliver enough doses.
April 23 法国Valneva灭活疫苗进入第3期试验法国Valneva灭活疫苗进入第3期试验	France’s Valneva moves to Phase 3.
April 20 伊朗Shafa Pharmed Pars的灭活疫苗进入第3期试验伊朗Shafa Pharmed Pars的灭活疫苗进入第3期试验	Iran’s Shafa Pharmed Pars moves to Phase 3.
April 21 中国的深圳康泰进入第三期试验（搞不懂是灭活还是腺病体疫苗）中国的深圳康泰进入第三期试验（搞不懂是灭活还是腺病体疫苗）	China’s Shenzhen Kangtai moves to Phase 3.
April 20	Iran’s Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute moves to Phase 2.
April 20	E.U. regulators say Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine should carry a warning for possible rare blood clots.
April 16	Pfizer says people may need an additional shot of the vaccine within a year.
April 15	Denmark stops use of the AstraZeneca vaccine.
April 14	The European Commission may not renew its vaccine contracts with AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson.
April 13	U.S. health agencies call for a pause in Johnson & Johnson vaccinations.
April 12	Cuba’s Soberana Plus begins Phase 2.
April 12	Massachusetts-based Akston Biosciences enters Phase 1/2.
April 9	Turkey’s Koçak Farma begins Phase 1.
April 5	The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research enters Phase 1.
April 5	Japan’s KM Biologics begins Phase 1/2.
April 2	France’s OSE Immunotherapeutics enters Phase 1.

PHASE 3

The French vaccine maker Valneva created a vaccine from chemically inactivated coronaviruses, using an adjuvant from Dynavax. The vaccine, called VLA2001, is currently the only inactivated-virus vaccine being developed in Europe. On Dec. 16, Valneva launched a Phase 1/2 trial in the United Kingdom, and in April the company announced that the trial had delivered positive results. On April 22, Valneva launched a Phase 3 trial on 4,000 volunteers in the United Kingdom. The trial was different from the first wave of studies on Covid-19 vaccines, in which some volunteers got a vaccine and the others received a placebo. With a growing number of vaccines now authorized for use in Britain, such randomized clinical trials are now longer ethical. Instead, Valneva will give VLA2001 to half the volunteers, while the others will receive Vaxzevria, the vaccine made by AstraZeneca. Researchers will then observe whether VLA2001 produces similar levels of antibodies to Vaxzevria.

The company hopes to submit VLA2001 for authorization in fall 2021. The British government has already reached an agreement to purchase 100 million doses of the vaccine should it prove safe and effective, with an option to acquire a further 90 million.
Updated April 23

PHASE 3

Shafa Pharmed Pars, an Iranian pharmaceutical company, developed a vaccine made of inactivated coronaviruses. Known as COVIran Barekat, it entered a Phase 1 trial at the end of December. COVIran Barekat is the first vaccine developed in Iran to go into clinical testing. On April 21, the Tehran Times announced that COVIran Barekat has begun Phase 3 trials.
Updated April 21

PHASE 3

Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products is a Chinese company that makes vaccines for diseases such as hepatitis B and measles. In August, AstraZeneca reached an agreement with Shenzhen to supply China with their adenovirus vaccine, despite the reports of corruption and scandals that have the company. In October Shenzhen Kangtai launched a Phase 1 trial on 180 volunteers of its own vaccine, based on inactivated coronaviruses. In February they added a Phase 2 trial to a U.S. registry, where they indicated the trial included 1,000 people and that the study would be completed by the end of the month. The company later registered a Phase 3 trial to begin May 2021.
Updated April 21

深圳康泰生物制品有限公司，以开发，研制乙型肝炎，麻疹等疾病疫苗。去年8月阿斯利康与深圳康泰公司达成协议，向中国提供腺病体疫苗。去年10月，康泰开始灭活疫苗试验，4月21日开始进行第3期试验。

 

[lindamy]

New additions and recent updates
April 28	A third vaccine from China’s Sinopharm enters Phase 1/2.
April 28 哈萨克斯坦批准使用QazVac 疫苗，将在7月完成疫苗的三期试验。	Kazakhstan begins public use of its QazVac vaccine.
April 26 德州儿童医院在2002年SARS之后开始研发的疫苗，后来因资金断供而停止，因为新冠病毒与非典有很多的相似性，去年恢复疫苗研发，11月开始1、2期试验，4月26日开始进入三期试验。	A vaccine from Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital moves to Phase 3.

April 23	The European Commission is preparing a legal case against AstraZeneca for failing to deliver enough doses.
April 23 法国Valneva灭活疫苗进入第3期试验	France’s Valneva moves to Phase 3.
April 20 伊朗Shafa Pharmed Pars的灭活疫苗进入第3期试验	Iran’s Shafa Pharmed Pars moves to Phase 3.
April 21 中国的深圳康泰灭活疫苗进入第三期试验	China’s Shenzhen Kangtai moves to Phase 3.
April 20	Iran’s Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute moves to Phase 2.
April 20	E.U. regulators say Johnson & Johnson’s vaccine should carry a warning for possible rare blood clots.
April 16	Pfizer says people may need an additional shot of the vaccine within a year.
April 15	Denmark stops use of the AstraZeneca vaccine.
April 14	The European Commission may not renew its vaccine contracts with AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson.
April 13	U.S. health agencies call for a pause in Johnson & Johnson vaccinations.
April 12	Cuba’s Soberana Plus begins Phase 2.
April 12	Massachusetts-based Akston Biosciences enters Phase 1/2.
April 9	Turkey’s Koçak Farma begins Phase 1.
April 5	The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research enters Phase 1.
April 5	Japan’s KM Biologics begins Phase 1/2.
April 2	France’s OSE Immunotherapeutics enters Phase 1.

哈萨克斯坦将在7月完成疫苗的三期试验，昨天，4月27日，获得批准使用。

On Monday, Kazakhstan started rolling out its homegrown vaccine, now known as QazVac. ... Instead, it uses an inactivated form of the SARS-CoV-2 virus itself, much like China's CoronaVac and India's Covaxin, which are both in use, and Valneva's vaccine, which isn't there yet.2 days ago

A new vaccine on the scene: Kazakhstan begins rollout of ...​

Kazakhstan rolls out its own COVID-19 vaccine​

Reuters

Kazakhstan on Tuesday launched its own, domestically-developed vaccine for mass inoculations against COVID-19, starting with popular locations such as shopping malls.

Almost a million people in the former Soviet republic of 19 million have already received the Russian-developed Sputnik V vaccine that Kazakhstan both imports and produces domestically.

The Central Asian republic's sovereign wealth fund has also ordered a million doses of Chinese-developed Sinopharm vaccine.

But this week, the oil-exporting country made its own vaccine available to the general public, with Healthcare Minister Alexei Tsoi receiving a jab in front of the media.
Like Sputnik V, the QazVac vaccine is delivered in two shots with a three-week interval.
QazVac is currently in a stage 3 trial to be completed by July. All 222 people who participated in the first two stages have developed immunity to COVID-19, with no major side-effects reported, according to its Kazakh developer, the Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems.
In Mega Park, one of the main shopping venues in Almaty, Kazakhstan's biggest city, QazVac was the only available option on Tuesday. Most of the people queuing up for the shot said the brand of vaccine did not matter to them.
"We haven't made it in time for Sputnik (but) I do not think there is any difference between Sputnik and QazVac," said a young woman who only gave her first name, Madina.

"We plan to go to Georgia and we are getting the vaccine so that we do not get sick (with COVID-19) there".

Officials have said domestic development of a vaccine has put Kazakhstan in an elite club of pharmaceutically advanced nations, but acknowledged issues with scaling up production and said they were discussing "bottling" the shot in Turkey.

Kazakhstan has reported over 360,000 COVID-19 cases with 4,381 deaths since the global pandemic began early last year.

Kazakhstan rolls out its own COVID-19 vaccine

Kazakhstan on Tuesday launched its own, domestically-developed vaccine for mass inoculations against COVID-19, starting with popular locations such as shopping malls.

www.reuters.com

PHASE 3

After the SARS epidemic in 2002, Baylor College of Medicine researchers began developing a vaccine that could prevent a new outbreak. Despite promising early results, support for the research disappeared. Because the coronaviruses that cause SARS and Covid-19 are very similar, the researchers revived the project in partnership with the Texas Children’s Hospital. The researchers have found that the Covid-19 vaccine produces antibodies in mice.

The Indian company Biological E licensed it in August and launched a Phase 1/2 trial in November, combining the viral proteins with an adjuvant made by Dynavax. On Dec. 29, Biological E and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations announced a partnership to advance the development and manufacturing of the vaccine, with CEPI initially contributing $5 million to the effort.

On April 24, Biological E announced it was starting a Phase 3 trial. Two days later, the Biden administration said it would fund a substantial expansion of Biological E’s manufacturing capability, enabling the company to ramp up to produce at least 1 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines by the end of 2022.

Updated April 26