这哪里用得着知识和证据,只要是落后就是无能笨蛋,先进就必然是偷的,抄的,抢的。尽显无知。中国航天跟美欧没有任何联系,咋偷?
这叫战略策划,晓得伐?
看看印度2013年的火星探测吧,客观说,确实有不少可圈可点的。
-验证了印度星际导航的能力
-超星际测控能力
-印度用了非常少的资金BUDGET,达到了预期的目的。
整个印度航天的思路非常类似中国航天前期的道路。在经济很落后的情况下,集中力量,精打细算,赢得了国际地位和大国之间谈判的砝码。
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Mars Orbiter Mission - Wikipedia
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Mars Orbiter Mission
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This article is about the Mars probe from India. For other Mars orbiters, see List of Mars orbiters and List of missions to Mars.
Mars Orbiter Mission
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan ("Mars-craft", from Sanskrit: मंगल mangala, "Mars" and यान yāna, "craft, vehicle"),[9][10] is a space probe orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).[11][12][13][14] It is India's first interplanetary mission[15] and it made it the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after Roscosmos, NASA, and the European Space Agency.[16][17] It made India the first Asian nation to reach Martian orbit and the first nation in the world to do so on its maiden attempt.[18][19][20][21]
Spacecraft properties Start of mission Mars orbiter Orbital parameters
Mars Orbiter Mission Spacecraft (illustration)Names Mangalyaan Mission type Mars orbiter Operator ISRO COSPAR ID 2013-060A SATCAT no. 39370 Website www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c25-mars-orbiter-mission Mission duration Planned: 6 months[1]
Elapsed: 5 years, 8 months, 29 daysBus I-1K[2] Manufacturer ISAC Launch mass 1,337.2 kg (2,948 lb)[3] BOL mass ≈550 kg (1,210 lb)[4] Dry mass 482.5 kg (1,064 lb)[3] Payload mass 13.4 kg (30 lb)[3] Dimensions 1.5 m (4.9 ft) cube Power 840 watts[2] Launch date 5 November 2013, 09:08 UTC[5] Rocket PSLV-XL C25[6] Launch site Satish Dhawan FLP Contractor ISRO Orbital insertion 24 September 2014, 02:00 UTC[7]
MSD 50027 06:27 AMT
2098 days / 2042 solsPeriareon altitude 421.7 km (262.0 mi)[8] Apoareon altitude 76,993.6 km (47,841.6 mi)[8] Inclination 150.0°[8]
showInstruments Indian missions to Mars
Mars Orbiter Mission 2 →
The Mars Orbiter Mission probe lifted-off from the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Sriharikota Range SHAR), Andhra Pradesh, using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket C25 at 09:08 UTC on 5 November 2013.[22] The launch window was approximately 20 days long and started on 28 October 2013.[5] The MOM probe spent about a month in Earth orbit, where it made a series of seven apogee-raising orbital manoeuvres before trans-Mars injection on 30 November 2013 (UTC).[23] After a 298-day transit to Mars, it was put into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014.
The mission is a "technology demonstrator" project to develop the technologies for designing, planning, management, and operations of an interplanetary mission.[24] It carries five scientific instruments.[25] The spacecraft is currently being monitored from the Spacecraft Control Centre at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bengaluru with support from the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) antennae at Bengaluru, Karnataka.[26]
Contents
History[edit]
- 1History
- 2Cost
- 3Mission objectives
- 4Spacecraft design
- 5Payload
- 6Telemetry and command
- 7Mission profile
- 8Status
- 9Recognition
- 10Follow-up mission
- 11In popular culture
- 12See also
- 13References
- 14External links
On 23 November 2008, the first public acknowledgement of an uncrewed mission to Mars was announced by then-ISRO chairman G. Madhavan Nair.[27] The MOM mission concept began with a feasibility study in 2010 by the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology after the launch of lunar satellite Chandrayaan-1 in 2008. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh approved the project on 3 August 2012,[28][29] after the Indian Space Research Organisation completed ₹125 crore (US$18 million) of required studies for the orbiter.[30] The total project cost may be up to ₹454 crore (US$64 million).[11][31] The satellite costs ₹153 crore (US$21 million) and the rest of the budget has been attributed to ground stations and relay upgrades that will be used for other ISRO projects.[32]
The space agency had planned the launch on 28 October 2013 but was postponed to 5 November following the delay in ISRO's spacecraft tracking ships to take up pre-determined positions due to poor weather in the Pacific Ocean.[5] Launch opportunities for a fuel-saving Hohmann transfer orbit occur every 26 months, in this case the next two would be in 2016 and 2018.[33]
Assembly of the PSLV-XL launch vehicle, designated C25, started on 5 August 2013.[34] The mounting of the five scientific instruments was completed at Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre, Bengaluru, and the finished spacecraft was shipped to Sriharikota on 2 October 2013 for integration to the PSLV-XL launch vehicle.[34] The satellite's development was fast-tracked and completed in a record 15 months.[35] Despite the US federal government shutdown, NASA reaffirmed on 5 October 2013 it would provide communications and navigation support to the mission "with their Deep Space Network facilities.".[36] During a meeting on 30 September 2014, NASA and ISRO officials signed an agreement to establish a pathway for future joint missions to explore Mars. One of the working group's objectives will be to explore potential coordinated observations and science analysis between the MAVEN orbiter and MOM, as well as other current and future Mars missions.[37]
中国超星际测控咋整? 自己弄还是和NASA合作?
你夸大印度的能力了,它不具备超星际测控能力,它用的是 NASA’s Deep Space Network,那次的成功是和NASA的teamwork。它的月球降落撞毁是它的真实监控能力。
| Orbital parameters | |
|---|---|
| End of mission | |
| Start of mission | |
| Spacecraft properties | |
Yinghuo-1 marked label 3 | |
| Mission type | Mars orbiter |
| Operator | CNSA |
| Mission duration | 1 year in Mars orbit (planned) Never departed Earth orbit |
| Launch mass | 115 kilograms (254 lb)[1] |
| Dimensions | 750mm x 750mm x 650mm (stowed)[1] |
| Power | 90 W, solar array |
| Launch date | 8 November 2011, 20:16:03 UTC[2][3][4] |
| Rocket | Zenit-2M |
| Launch site | Baikonur 45/1 |
| Deployed from | Fobos-Grunt (planned) |
| Decay date | 15 January 2012[5] |
| Reference system | Areocentric (planned) Geocentric (achieved) |
| Regime | Low Earth (achieved) |
| Perigee altitude | 800 kilometres (500 mi) (planned) |
| Apogee altitude | 80,000 kilometres (50,000 mi) (planned) |
| Inclination | 5 degrees (planned) |
| Period | 3 days (planned) |
人类都生活在同样的星球。在浩瀚的宇宙面前,人类的几千年的历史就是沧海一粟。人类要学会占在更高的高度来思考所有人类之间的纷争和仇恨。
奥林匹克运动的本身就是通过一种相对开放和公平的环境让不同的团体能在一个和谐的气氛中健康竞争,增进了解和合作,消除分歧。
外空探索也是如此,人类目前达到的外空探索的水平离科幻电影描述的还差得十万八千里。
我在整个这话题基本客观公正的对各方的成就表述了我的欣赏和鼓励。
偏执和封闭不能带来更好的未来。再次希望各航天局的火星之行顺利和成功。这就是老掐的境界,晓得伐?![]()