谁生物学的好啊,进~帮我个忙..
- 主题发起人 芭蕾娃娃℃
- 开始时间
Biochemistry
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is it about chromosome and mutation?
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- 2003-02-08
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Mutations:
Heritable change in DNA.
In single celled organismes, any and all mutations are passed to daughter cells.
multi cellular organisms have 2 kinds of mutations: somatic and germ line mutation. only germ line mutations will affect the gene of the gametes and pass to the offsprings.
All mutations are resulted from changes in the DNA sequence: point mutations， chromosomal mutations.
Point mutations:
1. substitution
2. addition, substraction
caused by mistakes during DNA replication or mutagenes like chemical and radiation.
Point Mutations:
1. Misssense mutation: amino acid substitution.
2. Nonsense mutation: amino acid codon changed to stop codon.
3. Silent mutation: cause no change in amino acid sequence due to gene redundancy
4. Frame shift mutations: a single base inserted or deleted
Cromosomal Mutations:
1. Deletion
2. Duplication
3. Inversion
4. Translocation
Rate of Mutation is low, negligable under Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Genetic:
Mendel's Laws:
1. A phenotype is coded by two alleles. The two alles are separated during gametes formation and each parent contribute one allele to the zygot. (Law of Segragation)
2. Two different alleles can be separated independently. (Law of independent assortment) (proven untrue for certain cases)
先写这些……累
Heritable change in DNA.
In single celled organismes, any and all mutations are passed to daughter cells.
multi cellular organisms have 2 kinds of mutations: somatic and germ line mutation. only germ line mutations will affect the gene of the gametes and pass to the offsprings.
All mutations are resulted from changes in the DNA sequence: point mutations， chromosomal mutations.
Point mutations:
1. substitution
2. addition, substraction
caused by mistakes during DNA replication or mutagenes like chemical and radiation.
Point Mutations:
1. Misssense mutation: amino acid substitution.
2. Nonsense mutation: amino acid codon changed to stop codon.
3. Silent mutation: cause no change in amino acid sequence due to gene redundancy
4. Frame shift mutations: a single base inserted or deleted
Cromosomal Mutations:
1. Deletion
2. Duplication
3. Inversion
4. Translocation
Rate of Mutation is low, negligable under Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
Genetic:
Mendel's Laws:
1. A phenotype is coded by two alleles. The two alles are separated during gametes formation and each parent contribute one allele to the zygot. (Law of Segragation)
2. Two different alleles can be separated independently. (Law of independent assortment) (proven untrue for certain cases)
先写这些……累
芭蕾娃娃℃
新手上路
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- 2003-11-11
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Mendel's Laws:
1. A phenotype is coded by two alleles. The two alles are separated during gametes formation and each parent contribute one allele to the zygot. (Law of Segragation)
2. Two different alleles can be separated independently. (Law of independent assortment) (proven untrue for certain cases)
这个超级讨厌.....
1860年的老爷爷GREGOR MENDEL...还要背咯?
1. A phenotype is coded by two alleles. The two alles are separated during gametes formation and each parent contribute one allele to the zygot. (Law of Segragation)
2. Two different alleles can be separated independently. (Law of independent assortment) (proven untrue for certain cases)
这个超级讨厌.....
1860年的老爷爷GREGOR MENDEL...还要背咯?
