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The People's Republic of China
December 10, 2003
The People's Republic of China, located in East Asia, is the world's most populous country. Roughly 1.3 billion people, more than one-fifth of the world's population, live there. "The Middle Kingdom", its ancient and traditional name, is also the world's third-largest country (9,596,960 sq. km).
China includes agricultural regions fed by three major rivers. The country has varied terrain, including deserts, mountains, plateaus and plains.
Beijing is the country's capital as well as its cultural, economic and communications centre. Shanghai is the most populous urban area.
China recognizes almost 60 national minorities but Han Chinese constitute 90 per cent of the population.
The language Putonghua is taught in schools and used by the mass media but spoken languages vary according to region. A writing system that uses characters that represent words rather than pronunciation makes it possible for all Chinese dialects to be written in the same way.
In ancient times, China was the dominant civilization in East Asia. It was the world's most advanced civilization from the 600s to the 1300s. The Chinese invented paper, printing, gunpowder, porcelain and silk.
History
A succession of dynasties ruled the area from the second millennium BC to the early 1900s. Chinese history changed course, however, as Europeans expanded into Asia.
China suffered through clashes with European powers in the 1800s. Then, in 1911, Chinese revolutionaries overthrew the last dynasty. The country suffered internal strife for nearly four decades due to warlords, civil war and Japanese invasion. In 1949, the Chinese Communist party won the civil war and established China's current government.
The Communists implemented many social and political changes, starting in the 1950s with the transition to a planned economy. In the following decade, leader Mao Zedong launched a "Cultural Revolution," in which young loyalists attacked intellectuals and party leaders.
In the 1970s, the Chinese government introduced economic reforms, introducing elements of a free-market economy. The government also encouraged foreign investment. Today, China is a poor country but the economy has grown by leaps and bounds as a result of economic reforms.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/china/
December 10, 2003
The People's Republic of China, located in East Asia, is the world's most populous country. Roughly 1.3 billion people, more than one-fifth of the world's population, live there. "The Middle Kingdom", its ancient and traditional name, is also the world's third-largest country (9,596,960 sq. km).
China includes agricultural regions fed by three major rivers. The country has varied terrain, including deserts, mountains, plateaus and plains.
Beijing is the country's capital as well as its cultural, economic and communications centre. Shanghai is the most populous urban area.
China recognizes almost 60 national minorities but Han Chinese constitute 90 per cent of the population.
The language Putonghua is taught in schools and used by the mass media but spoken languages vary according to region. A writing system that uses characters that represent words rather than pronunciation makes it possible for all Chinese dialects to be written in the same way.
In ancient times, China was the dominant civilization in East Asia. It was the world's most advanced civilization from the 600s to the 1300s. The Chinese invented paper, printing, gunpowder, porcelain and silk.
History
A succession of dynasties ruled the area from the second millennium BC to the early 1900s. Chinese history changed course, however, as Europeans expanded into Asia.
China suffered through clashes with European powers in the 1800s. Then, in 1911, Chinese revolutionaries overthrew the last dynasty. The country suffered internal strife for nearly four decades due to warlords, civil war and Japanese invasion. In 1949, the Chinese Communist party won the civil war and established China's current government.
The Communists implemented many social and political changes, starting in the 1950s with the transition to a planned economy. In the following decade, leader Mao Zedong launched a "Cultural Revolution," in which young loyalists attacked intellectuals and party leaders.
In the 1970s, the Chinese government introduced economic reforms, introducing elements of a free-market economy. The government also encouraged foreign investment. Today, China is a poor country but the economy has grown by leaps and bounds as a result of economic reforms.
http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/china/
