最后一题详解.
A 650kg elevator starts from rest. It moves upward for 3.00s with constant acceleration until it reaches its cruising speed of 1.75m/s. (a) What is the average power delivered by the elevator motor during the acceleration? (b) What is the instantaneous power at t=3.00s?
The acceleration is a=v/t=(1.75m/s)/(3.00s) = 0.583m/s2. The net force on the elevator must be Fnet=ma = (650kg)(0.583) = 379N. The net force is the force from the motor minus the force of gravity, so Fmotor = Fnet + mg = 379N + (650kg)(9.8) = 6750N. In 3s the elevator moves a distance x=1/2 at2 = (.583)(3.00s)2/2 = 2.62m. The work done by the motor is then Wmotor= Fmotorx = (6750N)(2.62m) = 17,700J. The average power of the motor is P=W/t = 17700J/3.00s = 5900W
At t=3.00s, the instantaneous power is P=Fv = (6750N)(1.75m/s) = 11,800 W.