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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/world/asia-pacific/223038.stm
Monday, 11 April, 2005, 10:23 GMT 11:23 UK
星期一,2005 的四月 11 日格林威治标准时间 10:2311:23 英国
Scarred by history:
藉着历史结疤:
The Rape of Nanjing
南京的抢夺
Between December 1937 and March 1938 one of the worst massacres in modern times took place.
在现代中在最坏的大屠杀的 1937 年十二月和三月一千九百三十九之间发生。
Japanese troops captured the Chinese city of Nanjing and embarked on a campaign of murder, rape and looting.
被捕获中国南京市而且开始着手一个谋杀的活动，抢夺而且掠夺的日本军队。
Based on estimates made by historians and charity organisations in the city at the time, between 250,000 and 300,000 people were killed, many of them women and children.
基于在那时被城市的历史学家和慈善组织做,在 250,000 和 300,000个人之间被杀的估计, 他们之中的许多女人和孩子。
The number of women raped was said by Westerners who were there to be 20,000, and there were widespread accounts of civilians being hacked to death.
被掠夺的女人数字被在那里是 20,000, 而且有被砍劈致死的平民广大帐户的西方人说了。
Yet many Japanese officials and historians deny there was a massacre on such a scale.
然而许多日本官员和历史学家否认有在一个如此刻度上的一个大屠杀。
They admit that deaths and rapes did occur, but say they were on a much smaller scale than reported.
他们承认，死亡和抢夺确实发生, 但是发言权他们超过报告在一加小规模上。
And in any case, they argue, these things happen in times of war.
而且无论如何，他们争论,这些事物在时代的战争中发生。
The Sino-Japanese Wars
中国的日本战争
In 1931, Japan invaded Chinese Manchuria following a bombing incident at a railway controlled by Japanese interests.
在 1931 年，日本在被日本兴趣控制的铁路在一个爆炸事件之后侵入了中国 Manchuria 。
The Chinese troops were no match for their opponents and Japan ended up in control of great swathes of Chinese territory.
中国军队对于他们的对手不是比赛，而且日本结束控制很棒一大片中国领土。
The following years saw Japan consolidate its hold, while China suffered civil war between communists and the nationalists of the Kuomintang.
未来数年见到日本联合它的把握而中国遭受了在共产主义者和国民党的国家主义者之间的内战。
The latter were led by General Chiang Kai-shek, whose capital was at Nanjing.
后者被一般 Chiang Kai 引导了-shek,, 首都在南京。
Many Japanese, particularly some elements of the army, wanted to increase their influence and in July 1937, a skirmish between Chinese and Japanese troops escalated into full-scale war.
许多日本人,特别地军队的一些元素, 想要增加他们的影响力，而且在 1937 年七月，华人和日本军队之间的一个前哨战进入实物大小的战争之内扩大。
The Japanese again had initial success, but then there was a period of successful Chinese defence before the Japanese broke through at Shanghai and swiftly moved on to Nanjing.
日本人再一次有签姓名的首字母成功, 但是然后有时期的成功中国防卫在日本人在上海突破并且很快地转移至南京之前。
Chiang Kai-shek's troops had already left the city and the Japanese army occupied it without difficulty.
Kai- shek's 的 Chiang 军队已经留下城市和日本军队了不需要困难就占领了它。
'One of the great atrocities of modern times'
' 现代的很棒残暴之一'
At the time, the Japanese army did not have a reputation for brutality.
在那时，日本军队为残忍没有名誉。
In the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5, the Japanese commanders had behaved with great courtesy towards their defeated opponents, but this was very different.
在 Russo- 日本战争中 1904-5,日本指挥官已经向他们的击败对手以很棒的礼貌行为表现，但是这非常不同。
Japanese papers reported competitions among junior officers to kill the most Chinese.
日本文件报告在资浅的官员之中的竞争事杀最中国的。
"There probably is no crime that has not been committed in this city today"
" 或许有没有在这一个城市今天内被委托的没有罪行 "
Minnie Vautrin
米妮 Vautrin
US woman in Nanjing
在南京的美国籍的女人
One Japanese newspaper correspondent saw lines of Chinese being taken for execution on the banks of the Yangtze River, where he saw piles of burned corpses.
一个日本报纸通讯记者为在长江的银行上的实行见到中国的被轮流的线,在他见到燃烧的尸体堆地方。
Photographs from the time, now part of an exhibition in the city, show Japanese soldiers standing, smiling, among heaps of dead bodies.
从时间 , 城市的展览现在部份的相片, 日本军人持续表示,微笑的,在许多死的身体之中。
Tillman Durdin of the New York Times reported the early stages of the massacre before being forced to leave.
纽约时报的 Tillman Durdin 在不得不离开之前报告了大屠杀的早阶段。
He later wrote:
他稍后写:
"I was 29 and it was my first big story for the New York Times.
"我是 29 ，而且它是纽约时报的我第一的大故事。
So I drove down to the waterfront in my car.
因此我开车下来到我的汽车水边地。
And to get to the gate I had to just climb over masses of bodies accumulated there.
而且到达我必须仅仅在那里在身体的块之上攀登累积的门。
"
"
"The car just had to drive over these dead bodies.
"汽车仅仅必须在这些死的身体之上开车。
And the scene on the river front, as I waited for the launch.
而且在河前面上的现场,如同我等候开始一样。
.
。
.
。
was of a group of smoking, chattering Japanese officers overseeing the massacring of a battalion of Chinese captured troops.
是有一群抽菸的, 喋喋不休监督一个华人的营 massacring 的日本官员取得了军队。
"
"
"They were marching about in groups of about 15, machine-gunning them."
" 他们正在游行有关在群体的大约 15, 机枪他们".
As he departed, he saw 200 men being executed in 10 minutes to the apparent enjoyment of Japanese military spectators.
当做他过去的,他见到在 10 分钟内被对日本军事的观众明显享乐运行的 200位男人。
He concluded that the rape of Nanjing was "one of the great atrocities of modern times".
他得出结论了南京的抢夺是 " 现代的很棒残暴之一 " 。
'The memories cannot be erased'
'记忆不能够被抹掉'
A Christian missionary, John Magee, described Japanese soldiers as killing not only "every prisoner they could find but also a vast number of ordinary citizens of all ages".
一个基督的传教士，约翰 Magee, 把日本军人说成是杀害不只有 " 每个囚犯他们可以找但是也所有年龄的一个平常市民的巨大数字".
"Many of them were shot down like the hunting of rabbits in the streets," he said.
" 他们之中的许多被像兔子的狩猎一样在街道中击落 ",他说。
After what he described as a week of murder and rape, the Rev Magee joined other Westerners in trying to set up an international safety zone.
在他描述为的一个星期的谋杀和抢夺之后， ??转 Magee 和其他的西方人一起尝试建立一个国际的安全地域。
Another who tried to help was an American woman, Minnie Vautrin, who kept a diary which has been likened to that of Anne Frank.
另外的谁试着帮助是保持了一本安妮.傅兰克已经被比喻到那的日记美国女人,米妮 Vautrin。
Her entry for 16 December reads:
十二月 16 日阅读的她进入:
"There probably is no crime that has not been committed in this city today.
" 或许有没有罪行今天不在这一个城市中被委托。
Thirty girls were taken from the language school [where she worked] last night, and today I have heard scores of heartbreaking stories of girls who were taken from their homes last night - one of the girls was but 12 years old.
三十个女孩从语言学校被轮流 [她工作哪里] 昨晚，而且今天我已经听到被轮流从他们的家昨晚的女孩令人心碎故事的得分 -女孩之一是只不过 12 岁。
"
"
Later, she wrote:
稍后，她写:
"How many thousands were mowed down by guns or bayoneted we shall probably never know.
" 数千被枪或 bayoneted 割草下来多少我们将或许从不知道。
For in many cases oil was thrown over their bodies and then they were burned.
因为在许多情形油中在他们的身体之上被丢然后他们被燃烧。
"
"
"Charred bodies tell the tales of some of these tragedies.
" 烧焦身体告诉一些悲剧的故事。
The events of the following ten days are growing dim.
下列的十天事件是成长的暗淡。
But there are certain of them that lifetime will not erase from my memory and the memories of those who have been in Nanjing through this period.
但是那里确定他们，终生从我的记忆和记忆将不抹掉那些是整个这时期在南京。
"
"
Minnie Vautrin suffered a nervous breakdown in 1940 and returned to the US.
米妮 Vautrin 在 1940 年遭受了一个神经衰弱而且回到美国。
She committed suicide in 1941.
她在 1941 年自杀。
Also horrified at what he saw was John Rabe, a German who was head of the local Nazi party.
也惊悸的在他见到的是约翰 Rabe ，是地方纳粹党的党头德国人。
He became leader of the international safety zone and recorded what he saw, some of it on film, but this was banned by the Nazis when he returned to Germany.
他变成国际的安全地域的领袖并且记录了他见到的, 它其中的一些在电影上，但是当他回到德国的时候，这被纳粹党人禁止了。
He wrote about rape and other brutalities which occurred even in the middle of the supposedly protected area.
他写有关抢夺和甚至在据称保护的区域中央中发生的其他残忍。
Confession and denial
自认和否认
After the Second World War was over, one of the Japanese soldiers who was in Nanjing spoke about what he had seen.
在第二次世界大战之后结束,在南京的日本军人之一有关他已经见到的说。
Azuma Shiro recalled one episode:
Azuma Shiro 取消了一段插曲:
"There were about 37 old men, old women and children.
"有大约 37个老人，老妇人和孩子。
We captured them and gathered them in a square.
我们在一个正方形中捕获了他们而且聚集他们。
"
"
"There was a woman holding a child on her right arm.
"有一个捉住在她的右手臂上的一个孩子的女人。
.
。
.
。
and another one on her left.
而且另外的一在她的左边上。
"
"
"We stabbed and killed them, all three - like potatoes in a skewer.
"我们刺而且杀了他们,一个串的所有像三一样的马铃薯。
I thought then, it's been only one month since I left home.
我然后想, 资讯科技是只有我离开了家后一月。
.
。
.
。
and 30 days later I was killing people without remorse.
而且 30 天之后我正在杀害没有懊悔的人。
"
"
Mr Shiro suffered for his confession:
Shiro 先生为他的自认遭受:
"When there was a war exhibition in Kyoto, I testified.
" 当在京都有战争展览,我证明。
The first person who criticized me was a lady in Tokyo.
第一个人批评我在东京是淑女。
She said I was damaging those who died in the war.
她说了我正在损坏那些在战争中死的人。
"
"
"She called me incessantly for three or four days.
"她不断地打电话给了我三或四天。
More and more letters came and the attack became so severe.
越来越多的信受到的影响，而且攻击变成如此严格。
.
。
.
。
that the police had to provide me with protection.
警察必须提供保护给我。
"
"
Such testimony, however, has been discounted at the highest levels in Japan.
如此的证言,然而,已经在日本的最高水平被打折。
Former Justice Minister Shigeto Nagano denied that the massacre had occurred, claiming it was a Chinese fabrication.
前司法部长 Shigeto 长野 否认了大屠杀已经发生,宣称它是一个中国制造。
Professor Ienaga Saburo spent many years fighting the Japanese government in the courts with only limited success for not allowing true accounts of Japanese war atrocities to be given in school textbooks.
教授 Ienaga Saburo 度过许多年在和唯一的有限制的成功法院中对抗日本政府为不允许日本战争残暴的真实帐户被屈服学校教科书。
There is also opposition to the idea among ordinary Japanese people.
也有在平常的日本人之中的对主意的反对。
A film called Don't Cry Nanjing was made by Chinese and Hong Kong film-makers in 1995 but it was several years before it was shown in Japan.
一个被叫做的电影不哭，南京被华人做了和在 1995 年香港电影制作人，但是它在它在日本被显示好几年之前。
Monday, 11 April, 2005, 10:23 GMT 11:23 UK
星期一,2005 的四月 11 日格林威治标准时间 10:2311:23 英国
Scarred by history:
藉着历史结疤:
The Rape of Nanjing
南京的抢夺
Between December 1937 and March 1938 one of the worst massacres in modern times took place.
在现代中在最坏的大屠杀的 1937 年十二月和三月一千九百三十九之间发生。
Japanese troops captured the Chinese city of Nanjing and embarked on a campaign of murder, rape and looting.
被捕获中国南京市而且开始着手一个谋杀的活动，抢夺而且掠夺的日本军队。
Based on estimates made by historians and charity organisations in the city at the time, between 250,000 and 300,000 people were killed, many of them women and children.
基于在那时被城市的历史学家和慈善组织做,在 250,000 和 300,000个人之间被杀的估计, 他们之中的许多女人和孩子。
The number of women raped was said by Westerners who were there to be 20,000, and there were widespread accounts of civilians being hacked to death.
被掠夺的女人数字被在那里是 20,000, 而且有被砍劈致死的平民广大帐户的西方人说了。
Yet many Japanese officials and historians deny there was a massacre on such a scale.
然而许多日本官员和历史学家否认有在一个如此刻度上的一个大屠杀。
They admit that deaths and rapes did occur, but say they were on a much smaller scale than reported.
他们承认，死亡和抢夺确实发生, 但是发言权他们超过报告在一加小规模上。
And in any case, they argue, these things happen in times of war.
而且无论如何，他们争论,这些事物在时代的战争中发生。
The Sino-Japanese Wars
中国的日本战争
In 1931, Japan invaded Chinese Manchuria following a bombing incident at a railway controlled by Japanese interests.
在 1931 年，日本在被日本兴趣控制的铁路在一个爆炸事件之后侵入了中国 Manchuria 。
The Chinese troops were no match for their opponents and Japan ended up in control of great swathes of Chinese territory.
中国军队对于他们的对手不是比赛，而且日本结束控制很棒一大片中国领土。
The following years saw Japan consolidate its hold, while China suffered civil war between communists and the nationalists of the Kuomintang.
未来数年见到日本联合它的把握而中国遭受了在共产主义者和国民党的国家主义者之间的内战。
The latter were led by General Chiang Kai-shek, whose capital was at Nanjing.
后者被一般 Chiang Kai 引导了-shek,, 首都在南京。
Many Japanese, particularly some elements of the army, wanted to increase their influence and in July 1937, a skirmish between Chinese and Japanese troops escalated into full-scale war.
许多日本人,特别地军队的一些元素, 想要增加他们的影响力，而且在 1937 年七月，华人和日本军队之间的一个前哨战进入实物大小的战争之内扩大。
The Japanese again had initial success, but then there was a period of successful Chinese defence before the Japanese broke through at Shanghai and swiftly moved on to Nanjing.
日本人再一次有签姓名的首字母成功, 但是然后有时期的成功中国防卫在日本人在上海突破并且很快地转移至南京之前。
Chiang Kai-shek's troops had already left the city and the Japanese army occupied it without difficulty.
Kai- shek's 的 Chiang 军队已经留下城市和日本军队了不需要困难就占领了它。
'One of the great atrocities of modern times'
' 现代的很棒残暴之一'
At the time, the Japanese army did not have a reputation for brutality.
在那时，日本军队为残忍没有名誉。
In the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5, the Japanese commanders had behaved with great courtesy towards their defeated opponents, but this was very different.
在 Russo- 日本战争中 1904-5,日本指挥官已经向他们的击败对手以很棒的礼貌行为表现，但是这非常不同。
Japanese papers reported competitions among junior officers to kill the most Chinese.
日本文件报告在资浅的官员之中的竞争事杀最中国的。
"There probably is no crime that has not been committed in this city today"
" 或许有没有在这一个城市今天内被委托的没有罪行 "
Minnie Vautrin
米妮 Vautrin
US woman in Nanjing
在南京的美国籍的女人
One Japanese newspaper correspondent saw lines of Chinese being taken for execution on the banks of the Yangtze River, where he saw piles of burned corpses.
一个日本报纸通讯记者为在长江的银行上的实行见到中国的被轮流的线,在他见到燃烧的尸体堆地方。
Photographs from the time, now part of an exhibition in the city, show Japanese soldiers standing, smiling, among heaps of dead bodies.
从时间 , 城市的展览现在部份的相片, 日本军人持续表示,微笑的,在许多死的身体之中。
Tillman Durdin of the New York Times reported the early stages of the massacre before being forced to leave.
纽约时报的 Tillman Durdin 在不得不离开之前报告了大屠杀的早阶段。
He later wrote:
他稍后写:
"I was 29 and it was my first big story for the New York Times.
"我是 29 ，而且它是纽约时报的我第一的大故事。
So I drove down to the waterfront in my car.
因此我开车下来到我的汽车水边地。
And to get to the gate I had to just climb over masses of bodies accumulated there.
而且到达我必须仅仅在那里在身体的块之上攀登累积的门。
"
"
"The car just had to drive over these dead bodies.
"汽车仅仅必须在这些死的身体之上开车。
And the scene on the river front, as I waited for the launch.
而且在河前面上的现场,如同我等候开始一样。
.
。
.
。
was of a group of smoking, chattering Japanese officers overseeing the massacring of a battalion of Chinese captured troops.
是有一群抽菸的, 喋喋不休监督一个华人的营 massacring 的日本官员取得了军队。
"
"
"They were marching about in groups of about 15, machine-gunning them."
" 他们正在游行有关在群体的大约 15, 机枪他们".
As he departed, he saw 200 men being executed in 10 minutes to the apparent enjoyment of Japanese military spectators.
当做他过去的,他见到在 10 分钟内被对日本军事的观众明显享乐运行的 200位男人。
He concluded that the rape of Nanjing was "one of the great atrocities of modern times".
他得出结论了南京的抢夺是 " 现代的很棒残暴之一 " 。
'The memories cannot be erased'
'记忆不能够被抹掉'
A Christian missionary, John Magee, described Japanese soldiers as killing not only "every prisoner they could find but also a vast number of ordinary citizens of all ages".
一个基督的传教士，约翰 Magee, 把日本军人说成是杀害不只有 " 每个囚犯他们可以找但是也所有年龄的一个平常市民的巨大数字".
"Many of them were shot down like the hunting of rabbits in the streets," he said.
" 他们之中的许多被像兔子的狩猎一样在街道中击落 ",他说。
After what he described as a week of murder and rape, the Rev Magee joined other Westerners in trying to set up an international safety zone.
在他描述为的一个星期的谋杀和抢夺之后， ??转 Magee 和其他的西方人一起尝试建立一个国际的安全地域。
Another who tried to help was an American woman, Minnie Vautrin, who kept a diary which has been likened to that of Anne Frank.
另外的谁试着帮助是保持了一本安妮.傅兰克已经被比喻到那的日记美国女人,米妮 Vautrin。
Her entry for 16 December reads:
十二月 16 日阅读的她进入:
"There probably is no crime that has not been committed in this city today.
" 或许有没有罪行今天不在这一个城市中被委托。
Thirty girls were taken from the language school [where she worked] last night, and today I have heard scores of heartbreaking stories of girls who were taken from their homes last night - one of the girls was but 12 years old.
三十个女孩从语言学校被轮流 [她工作哪里] 昨晚，而且今天我已经听到被轮流从他们的家昨晚的女孩令人心碎故事的得分 -女孩之一是只不过 12 岁。
"
"
Later, she wrote:
稍后，她写:
"How many thousands were mowed down by guns or bayoneted we shall probably never know.
" 数千被枪或 bayoneted 割草下来多少我们将或许从不知道。
For in many cases oil was thrown over their bodies and then they were burned.
因为在许多情形油中在他们的身体之上被丢然后他们被燃烧。
"
"
"Charred bodies tell the tales of some of these tragedies.
" 烧焦身体告诉一些悲剧的故事。
The events of the following ten days are growing dim.
下列的十天事件是成长的暗淡。
But there are certain of them that lifetime will not erase from my memory and the memories of those who have been in Nanjing through this period.
但是那里确定他们，终生从我的记忆和记忆将不抹掉那些是整个这时期在南京。
"
"
Minnie Vautrin suffered a nervous breakdown in 1940 and returned to the US.
米妮 Vautrin 在 1940 年遭受了一个神经衰弱而且回到美国。
She committed suicide in 1941.
她在 1941 年自杀。
Also horrified at what he saw was John Rabe, a German who was head of the local Nazi party.
也惊悸的在他见到的是约翰 Rabe ，是地方纳粹党的党头德国人。
He became leader of the international safety zone and recorded what he saw, some of it on film, but this was banned by the Nazis when he returned to Germany.
他变成国际的安全地域的领袖并且记录了他见到的, 它其中的一些在电影上，但是当他回到德国的时候，这被纳粹党人禁止了。
He wrote about rape and other brutalities which occurred even in the middle of the supposedly protected area.
他写有关抢夺和甚至在据称保护的区域中央中发生的其他残忍。
Confession and denial
自认和否认
After the Second World War was over, one of the Japanese soldiers who was in Nanjing spoke about what he had seen.
在第二次世界大战之后结束,在南京的日本军人之一有关他已经见到的说。
Azuma Shiro recalled one episode:
Azuma Shiro 取消了一段插曲:
"There were about 37 old men, old women and children.
"有大约 37个老人，老妇人和孩子。
We captured them and gathered them in a square.
我们在一个正方形中捕获了他们而且聚集他们。
"
"
"There was a woman holding a child on her right arm.
"有一个捉住在她的右手臂上的一个孩子的女人。
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and another one on her left.
而且另外的一在她的左边上。
"
"
"We stabbed and killed them, all three - like potatoes in a skewer.
"我们刺而且杀了他们,一个串的所有像三一样的马铃薯。
I thought then, it's been only one month since I left home.
我然后想, 资讯科技是只有我离开了家后一月。
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and 30 days later I was killing people without remorse.
而且 30 天之后我正在杀害没有懊悔的人。
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Mr Shiro suffered for his confession:
Shiro 先生为他的自认遭受:
"When there was a war exhibition in Kyoto, I testified.
" 当在京都有战争展览,我证明。
The first person who criticized me was a lady in Tokyo.
第一个人批评我在东京是淑女。
She said I was damaging those who died in the war.
她说了我正在损坏那些在战争中死的人。
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"
"She called me incessantly for three or four days.
"她不断地打电话给了我三或四天。
More and more letters came and the attack became so severe.
越来越多的信受到的影响，而且攻击变成如此严格。
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that the police had to provide me with protection.
警察必须提供保护给我。
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"
Such testimony, however, has been discounted at the highest levels in Japan.
如此的证言,然而,已经在日本的最高水平被打折。
Former Justice Minister Shigeto Nagano denied that the massacre had occurred, claiming it was a Chinese fabrication.
前司法部长 Shigeto 长野 否认了大屠杀已经发生,宣称它是一个中国制造。
Professor Ienaga Saburo spent many years fighting the Japanese government in the courts with only limited success for not allowing true accounts of Japanese war atrocities to be given in school textbooks.
教授 Ienaga Saburo 度过许多年在和唯一的有限制的成功法院中对抗日本政府为不允许日本战争残暴的真实帐户被屈服学校教科书。
There is also opposition to the idea among ordinary Japanese people.
也有在平常的日本人之中的对主意的反对。
A film called Don't Cry Nanjing was made by Chinese and Hong Kong film-makers in 1995 but it was several years before it was shown in Japan.
一个被叫做的电影不哭，南京被华人做了和在 1995 年香港电影制作人，但是它在它在日本被显示好几年之前。
