精华 关于泡沫外墙板的作业

基础墙

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Qiuyi,我算按时完成作业啦。谢小傻兄弟,我在Bridlewood找到个房子。

我这作业长了点儿,另起一个话题罢。

好,交卷。欢迎参考,欢迎批判,当不得大旗,当不得令箭。

下午去Bridlewood看了一眼,回来又在网上翻查一遍,汇报如下。

1、材料
  ★注册商标:STYROFOAM;
  ★标准认证:板上印有ULC认证号,没有CSA。厂家的网页上说它通过了IRC的insulation标准鉴定。总之,它是合法的保温材料,却不是承重材料。傻兄弟,您拿锤子敲人家,有点欺负它啦:)
  ★它的基材是polystyrene(聚苯乙烯),聚苯是树脂家族里的前辈了,成本低,可热塑成型或热注成型,缺点是机械性能差、易燃,另外苯是有毒物质,聚苯乙烯烧出的烟也会有毒吧?可它又通过了ULC标准,应该是没大问题的。惭愧,建材课是二十多年前学的,忘得差不多啦,望哪位学化工或建材的给点补充、更正。不过小傻的实验报告中,燃烧一段真真揭示了泡沫板的一大缺点;
  ★它的两面都贴了隔气的薄膜,边上有隼槽,气密性能应该不错,这是个大优点;
  ★保温:一?的板,R=5;3/4?,R=3.75。

2、Installation
  ★它像其他sheathing一样,装在air barrier外面。这东西本身的气密性应该强于wafer board或plywood。再加上接头处都有隼槽,如果装得正确,外墙的气密肯定比过去的房子好;
  ★我看的房子,在房角处钉了整块的1/4?wafer board包角,为的是提高外墙的抗剪能力。前面说了,泡沫板不是承重材料,它不能吃力;
  ★在房角包了wafer board的地方,用3/4?的泡沫板,以保证外墙平整;
  ★泡沫板是用专门的钉子钉在stud上的,钉帽处加了个垫圈,既能避免砸坏泡沫板,又能保证气密;
  ★Siding直接做在泡沫板外。这样,siding要钉到wood stub上。希望干活的工人别乱砸钉子吧,那样气密就被破坏了。争取到装sidig的时候再去看一眼。

3、讨论

1)保温:在R20的基础上增加R5,百分之二十五?我觉得不能这么算。墙体占的表面积虽大,但它的散热只占总散热的三分之一左右,房顶和门窗各占三分之一。但用泡沫板的一个好处(也可以是坏处,后面说)是加强了气密性。对流造成的热损失比传导和辐射要厉害,一个小洞的散热,能顶上一个窗户。

  所以,我以为泡沫板外墙对提高保温性有明显好处。

2)结构强度:外墙是承重的,不过房子的重量是通过stud传下来的,传统的sheathing会受些剪力。因渥太华不用考虑抗震设防,外墙上的水平荷载主要是风荷载,两层的房子,没什么了不起的剪力。换了泡沫板以后,只有房角贴的那两块刨花压合板受剪,应该是足够了。据此,我不以为强度是个问题。

  另,vinyl siding lasts about 25 years,Qiuyi兄还是别担心换siding的事啦。

3)防火:STYROFOAM SHEATHING上已经写明了,它是combustable。若墙里面用了这种东西,按code要求,两边得包上阻燃材料,使得组装起来以后的墙满足防火要求。Vinyl siding是阻燃的,里面用的gypsum board(drywall)也是。只是这聚苯烧出来的烟,总比木头烧出的烟毒性要大些吧?我不太清楚,只是有些担心。

4)室内空气质量:这事儿真扯起来就没边了,只说两条。

  一是有机材料中有害物质的挥发。木质材料中的粘合剂防腐剂等等也会挥发出来污染室内环境,聚苯是一种较为稳定的东西,但加工过程中的中间物质和杂质也许会挥发。我掰下一块闻了闻,没闻出味道--不敢说没有挥发物,只能说没有发现大量的有味的挥发物(如苯类的东西)。

  二是所谓气密(air tight)。用了泡沫板,房子的气密性好了,对保温当然是个优点,但对室内空气质量,可能是个隐患。首先,冬天门窗紧闭,气密好的房子新鲜空气的补给量更少。其次,洗手间里的排气扇、特别是厨房的抽烟机,是往外抽气的。对气密的房子,它这一抽,里面就会有个负压。这个负压的坏处有二,首先是对炉子--谁要是在屋里装了烧木头的壁炉或取暖炉,千万、千万小心!负压--供氧不足--燃烧不充分--煤气中毒!不是我危言耸听,规范上写明的,装wood burning appliance的房子里,每一层都得装CO detector/monitor。我觉得,还是别去买那类玩意儿。

  室内负压的另一个坏影响,也是环保人士说得最多的,是将有害气体吸入室内。这些气体包括建筑材料(木头、混凝土等)里面的可挥发物质,地下的有害气体(如氡气等)。若室内压力高,会把它们往外“吹”。室内若是压力低,它们就被“吸”进来了。

  不过,按Energy Star标准盖的那些房子,都装了HRV,它能改善室内通风,也能避免出现负压。

4、结论(壮着胆写):

1)泡沫板外墙有利节能;
2)它对结构整体强度的影响,可以不予考虑;
3)它的防火性能不如木质板;
4)气密性能改善之后,应注意室内通风,避免出现负压。

5、题外话

  我这作业,和前两天的帖子多有矛盾之处,让我如何自圆?

  现代岩土工程学的开基祖宗卡尔・太沙基博士,常出庭做技术证人。一次,对方律师问他:“博士先生,您刚才说的和您十年前写的权威论著矛盾,您怎么解释?”

  “律师先生,您不觉得我在过去十年里学到了点东西吗?”

  谢谢小傻、Qiuyi,还有其他各位,又让我多学了点儿;)
 
住了几年TAMARACK的房子
这问题就BOTHER了我几年
多谢斑竹老大还有其他诸位 :)
 
:cool:

这帖子得入精华,for future reference...

最高兴的俺想应该是 a_little :),这泡沫板看来还是优点大于缺点。。。
 
有劳您版主大人了!

您这份卷交得太漂亮了,:cool: :cool: :cool: :cool: 必须上交建筑科学院审阅后才能评定,得什么奖我们会及时通知您的。:)

再次感谢,如此专业的文章,我收藏了。
 
还有一小问讨教于诸位专家

虽然我是外行,但我相信常识(common sense).换句话说也就是任何一门新技术、新工艺都是有利有弊,至少利弊大致平衡才能得以推广,所以我倒是不很担心tartan/tamarak采用energystar的标准,基础墙的详尽分析和Timothy's 给的链接内容证实了这点。

但还是有一点让我不放心的:就是无论是10年还是25年一换,这siding不是永久的,迟早要修修补补或全部重来,到那时,styrofoam恐怕就会有麻烦了,因为foam毕竟不经折腾,如果考虑到换foam,者工程就大了。

我想得空到工地上去看看、问问。
 
http://architecture.about.com/cs/repairremodel/a/vinyl.htm?terms=siding

qiuyi_1
Don't worry. If it is not broken by outside force Vinyl siding is almost permanent. 25 years is a manufacture warrant, in real world it last much longer. It becomes popular only in latest 20-30 years. The original one still works fine. You can find many houses have twenty year old siding on them and still at good condition. The new manufactured one even better than original one.
Actually I don’t know how you get the idea about replace siding. Even wood siding can last 100 years if you repainting it every 5-10 years. And many people recover their old wood siding house with vinyl for easy maintance.
Who knows in 30 years, may be something better will come out. Like solar panel siding. You will love to replace the foam.


Great job 基础墙 !!!! You are the man.
 
well, I might be too jittery about the hassles of buying a new house. but you never know what can happen to your house: it may take just one soccer ball the boy from your neighbour sends your way to make a dent in your sidings, and you will pray to god for the bill that comes to you next month... although this is a very rare scenario, it's not impossible. I think when people are overtaken by the hype of "energy star" standard, they overlook this one small detail of repairing cost. I need do some homework on this and will share with you guys the results, but be patient.

having said that, it looks like this is the trend and if everyone else can take it, I shall not be an exception, energy star or not, as long it's a good location and good neighbourhood, I will go for it.

thanks timothy and 版主 for your resourcefulness.



最初由 Timothy's 发布
http://architecture.about.com/cs/repairremodel/a/vinyl.htm?terms=siding

qiuyi_1
Don't worry. If it is not broken by outside force Vinyl siding is almost permanent. 25 years is a manufacture warrant, in real world it last much longer. It becomes popular only in latest 20-30 years. The original one still works fine. You can find many houses have twenty year old siding on them and still at good condition. The new manufactured one even better than original one.
Actually I don’t know how you get the idea about replace siding. Even wood siding can last 100 years if you repainting it every 5-10 years. And many people recover their old wood siding house with vinyl for easy maintance.
Who knows in 30 years, may be something better will come out. Like solar panel siding. You will love to replace the foam.


Great job 基础墙 !!!! You are the man.
 
You could ask builder to update your outside wall to brick. It will last forever and will resist force very well. Or you can do half brick. Instead of do front side of house brick, you could do all first floor brick and second floor vinyl. Your insurance should cover the accident damage to your house.
Replacing one or two piece of vinyl siding is cheap and DIY job.
 
Qiuyi兄放心好啦,Vinyl Siding那玩意儿挺结实的,砸坏它还真不容易。足球?别说街上的孩子,就是大人,也没几个能有那么硬的脚头:)

至于Siding背后的泡沫板,就算是个篮球砸上去,也不会有大事。第一,它是柔性的;第二,它的外面有siding缓冲,背后有stud撑着,砸在墙上的力经过siding的缓冲和分散,剩下的能量,泡沫板的变形又可以吸收掉不少。还有,对付撞击,柔性的sheathing还有个好处,就是能帮着siding吸收一部分能量,免得siding受损。

另,如Timothy说,局部更换siding或sheathing都不难。至于upgrade成全砖墙,咱就别听Timothy的主意啦,要是有那四五千块,还是先把厨房的counter top换成大理石吧;)

我觉得,用泡沫板做sheathing的房,最怕的也许还是火灾。挑房的时候,也可以注意一下防火:一是和邻居的房之间的距离越大越好(买宽些的lot),二是注意邻居房子面向你家的墙,上面开洞(门、窗)的面积越小越好。
 
Me too. I love the granite.
I saw a good way to deal with siding problem in Seattle. Seattle is on earthquake zone. The earth quacks insurance is high for brick house. Most new home were built with wood siding. Wood is cheap there.
They will wait about 10 years until the wood siding needs repaint. They cover it with vinyl at that time instead of painting it. This way a house has two layer of siding. Wood is strong and vinyl is low maintain and you have double protection.No bad for a place rain all the time.
 
blush for my ignorance

I don't have much exp with vynil sidings being damaged coz my present house is half brick all the way around and it's a corner, so far it hasn't been damaged by any accident. I think it's a general (for wrong or for right remains to be discussed about) perception that vynil is not impact resistent. but your's and 基础墙's remarks are a relief to me. thanks to both of you.
 
外墙工作始终很外行,看了帖子获益非"钱",却过于钱.好帖
 
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