巴黎暴动是移民被逼上街？
http://www.zaobao.com/gj/gj051106_506.html
● 李月霞（整理）
（巴黎综合电）法国巴黎的暴动触动了反政府浪潮，政界人士、社会学者、社区领袖在震撼之余开始争议：滋事的到底是有组织的犯罪之徒还是回教极端分子又或者是困苦的生活把民众逼上了街头。
10月27日，巴黎的移民集中区最先发生暴乱，到了上个星期四晚上，巴黎以外的好些地区也相继发生暴乱。走上街头的多数是年轻人，好些是回教徒，他们是在法国出生的移民后代，先辈多来自法国在非洲的前殖民地。
现今，法国约有750个失业率高达20%的“敏感城市地区”，这些地区的失业率是全国平均数的一倍，平均收入只有全国平均收入的60%。在15岁至25岁的人当中，失业率更高达36%，若是单看失业的阿拉伯裔青年，比率甚至更高。最先发生暴乱的克利希苏布瓦市便是其中之一。
这些地区几乎每年都会有一次重大的暴乱，没有报道的暴乱更是不计其数。
社会学者维沃尔卡认为，暴乱源自于政府常年不守承诺，政府接纳新移民政策的失误也使得少数族群无法表达心声。为数约500万的回教徒便是政策的受害者。
在报章上发表意见的回教领袖、社区代表和左翼人士看法大致相同，他们都认为暴乱是中间偏右政府削减暴乱区的社会福利开支所致。
社会学者也把矛头指向推行强硬政策的内政部长萨尔科齐。社会学者维沃尔卡接受报章《巴黎人》访问时指出，萨尔科齐要以“高压喷水管”把罪案累累区清洗干净的说辞，无疑“侮辱了整个社区”。
萨尔科齐虽然承认政府需要采取更多政策来协助郊区居民摆脱贫困并融入社会，但他到了星期四时依旧坚持，暴乱是犯罪组织煽动的。
警察部队的工会领袖别辛扎也认为，暴乱是一种城市恐怖主义，领导暴民的是靠贩毒牟利的黑帮头目或为宣扬信念的回教极端分子。
然而，一名高级警官却说，“没有证据显示，暴乱是有组织性的”，他也认为，“暴民受回教分子摆布的说法有欠公允”。
另一名警官也指出，暴乱“并没有回教分子插手的显著迹象”。
巴黎市长德拉诺埃也警告人们不要把一小撮的极端分子或犯罪之徒同回教这个宗教划上等号。实际上，暴乱发生后，好些回教社区领袖纷纷挨家挨户地同暴民的家人谈话或是在暴乱现场制止暴徒胡作非为。
多数的观察员认为，引发暴乱的根本原因是一任又一任的法国政府都不理会移民处于失业与没有社会地位的困境。
《费加罗报》在社论中说，这些毫无生气的社区成了500万人生活的“牢狱”。该社论指出，政府自上个世纪70年代以来让外国人到法国同家人团聚，可是却没有设立足够的机制来协助这些新移民融入社会。
法国媒体也开始批评各政党在处理骚乱问题时还起争议，在舆论声中，有意于2007年角逐总统职位的总理德维尔潘和内政部长萨尔科齐不得不暂时站在同一阵线。
机会平等部部长贝加于上个星期二在报章上对萨尔科齐的强硬政策表示不满。第二天，德维尔潘便在国会中说，萨尔科齐采取的是“必要的政策”。
之后，萨尔科齐上个星期四晚上在电视上说：“我们之间不能也不会有分歧，因为问题太过严重了。”
尽管维持社会治安的重担理论上由萨尔科齐承担，但选民相信会把责任放在整个政府肩上。分析人员认为，若处理不当，反对移民政策的极右政界人士便能从中捞取资本。
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巴黎暴动局势恶化 可能蔓延全国成种族冲突
（新加坡）联合早报 (2005-11-06)
● 麦可欣
法国政府担心，暴动会演变成大规模的种族冲突，已考虑派出军队镇压暴乱。
（巴黎综合电）巴黎暴动前天进入第九天，局势失控，有蔓延到全国各地的趋势。美国和俄罗斯已发出旅游警告，吁请公民避免到巴黎市郊。
据报道，全国有近900辆车子和好些建筑物遭暴徒纵火，警方逮捕了200多人。大巴黎区外被焚烧的车子比暴动中心地区还多。政府担心，暴动会演变成大规模的种族冲突，已考虑派出军队镇压暴乱。
法国一些大城市，如东北部的斯特拉斯堡（Strasbourg）、西南部的波尔多（Bordeaux）、南部的图卢兹（Toulouse）、波城（Pau）、马赛（Marseille）和尼斯（Nice），以及北部的里尔（Lille）、鲁昂（Rouen）和雷恩（Rennes）前天晚上相继发生小规模的骚乱，这是巴黎市郊以外的大城市第二晚发生骚乱事件。
此外，暴徒似乎也越来越凶悍。据内政部官员透露，巴黎东部一青年团伙前天晚上向救护人员抛掷石头，并向救护车发射燃烧弹，阻碍他们疏散和拯救伤者。之前也发生托儿所遭人纵火，暴徒向防暴车发射大型铅弹，以及放火焚烧一名残疾妇女的事件。
美国大使馆已发出警告，吁请国民避免乘搭往来戴高乐机场的列车。但法国外交部却认为外国媒体对骚乱事件过分渲染。
外交部发言人马太告诉记者：“我不认为巴黎的外国旅客会在任何方面受到这些事件威胁。”
被批评在事件中应对措施不当的德维尔潘总理昨天与八名部长和一名回教领袖召开了紧急会议，商讨平息骚乱的对策。他之前也与暴乱地区的部分青年会面。
内政部长萨尔科齐前天突访巴黎以西的警察总部，下令警员必将暴徒捉拿归案。他坚信暴徒是有组织的。巴黎检察官博特也称暴徒是有组织的青年团伙。
但国家警察发言人哈莫称，巴黎市郊爆发的暴乱似乎都未经协调，不过他指出，暴乱青年利用手机简讯或电子邮件安排集会地点，并互相通报。
暴民跟警方打游击
警方说，这些流动性非常高的青年团伙选择以打游击方式发难，不跟警察正面冲突。当局首次出动直升机拍摄事发经过，同时向在地面执行巡逻任务的警员通报情况。
此次暴乱也殃及华人社区，前天晚上有五个华商仓库被烧毁。这是暴乱九天来第一次出现针对华商的破坏事件。损失最严重的华商仓库位于巴黎东北市郊塞纳圣但尼省的勒布朗梅尼勒市。
此外，巴黎一所学生公寓也遭人纵火，造成一死15伤，伤者包括一名20岁的北京女学生。
巴黎的暴动是因北部市郊克利希苏布瓦市两名少年企图逃过警方逮捕，结果触电身亡引发的。该市移民人口居多，失业率高。骚乱者主要是当地的北非和非洲黑人后裔。
随着事态的发展，法国一些媒体开始对各政党在处理暴乱问题中发生的政党之争提出批评，认为当务之急是恢复秩序，未来则需要加强社会对话，并采取切实措施解决郊区严重的贫穷和失业问题，从源头上预防暴乱的发生。
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Unrest reaches French capital
Riots, arson take new turn, spreads across country
Saturday, November 5, 2005; Posted: 10:24 p.m. EST (03:24 GMT)
http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/11/05/france.riots/index.html
PARIS, France (CNN) -- Protesters in France expanded their arson rampage into the capital city of Paris and along Mediterranean resort communities as the nation's Interior Ministry predicted the violence would grow by daybreak Sunday.
Police helicopters flew over Paris and other locations in an effort to identify and stop the vandals, French radio said.
The latest violence, sparked by the deaths of two teenagers in suburban Paris, spread west to the Normandy region and south to the Mediterranean. In the resort cities of Cannes and Nice, where arson was reported.
By early Sunday, more than 800 cars had been burned, 144 people detained and several police officers and firefighters injured after a 10th night of rioting across France, according to national police spokesman Patrick Hamon.
Thirteen cars were torched in Paris, including several in the Place de la Republique in the central city.
In the Normandy city of Evreux, five police officers and three firefighters were injured when two schools, a post office, a shopping center and 50 cars were burned, Hamon said. A child care center was burned in Lille in northern France.
Two schools in Grigny, south of Paris, were set ablaze and firefighters responded to 30 reports of arson in Toulouse, in southern France, the Interior Ministry said. Several cars were on fire and several trash cans were burning outside public buildings.
A cultural center in the central city of Nantes was destroyed by fire, and a youth hostel burned in Paris, the ministry said. (Watch French teens explain why they're angry -- 2:08)
The spreading violence has shocked national leaders and community residents into action as the French prime minister held special meetings Saturday and concerned citizens participated in a demonstration march.
For 10 days police, government and community leaders have been struggling to restore order, and debating how to quell the unrest that began October 27 in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois.
Locals blamed police for the electrocution deaths of two teenagers -- both of African descent -- who climbed a fence surrounding a power station while apparently running from police.
Poverty, unemployment, discrimination
The vandalism has spread to around 20 communities with large immigrant and Muslim populations who've been plagued by poverty, unemployment and alleged discrimination. In some areas, unemployment is 25 percent.
French Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin met with community leaders and members of his Cabinet Saturday to address the situation.
Mediators and religious leaders are talking to the youths in an effort to stop the violence. More than 2,000 vehicles have been torched in the violence, and hundreds or people arrested. Some police officers, paramedics and journalists have been injured.
The rioting prompted warnings from the U.S. and British governments for visitors to be aware of the situation and avoid the affected areas.
As many as 3,000 people took part in a silent march Saturday morning, speaking out against the rioting and its root causes, state radio reported.
'Quite hard to combat'
Hamon told The Associated Press that arsonists were moving beyond their heavily policed neighborhoods to less protected areas.
"They are very mobile, in cars or scooters. ... It is quite hard to combat," Hamon told AP. "Most are young, very young, we have even seen young minors."
There appeared to be no coordination between separate groups in different areas, Hamon told AP. But within gangs, youths are communicating by cell phones or e-mails. "They organize themselves, arrange meetings, some prepare the Molotov cocktails."
In quiet Acheres, west of Paris, arsonists burned a nursery school, where part of the roof caved in, and about a dozen cars in four attacks that the mayor said seemed "perfectly organized," AP reported.
Children's photos clung to the blackened walls, and melted plastic toys littered the floor, AP reported. Mayor Alain Outreman tried to cool tempers and rejected demands that militias be formed or that the army be deployed. "We are not going to start militias," he said. "You would have to be everywhere."
Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy said the government is unanimous in its determination to end the violence and address the problems.
"Once this crisis is overcome and calm is restored, each must also understand that there's also a certain feeling of injustice in some neighborhoods," Sarkozy said Saturday, according to a translation from Reuters News Agency. "I have thought this for a long time, and said it as well."
There have been calls by the Green Party and the Communist Party for Sarkozy to resign, after he called the rioters "scum" earlier in the week -- language that served only to inflame the vandalism.
Warning for tourists
The U.S. Embassy in Paris has issued a public announcement warning American travelers about the rioting.
"Although the riots have occurred in areas not normally frequented by U.S. tourists, travelers should be aware that train travel from the Charles de Gaulle Airport to the city center may be disrupted at times, as it passes near the affected area," according to the announcement, dated Friday.
"Travelers could rely instead on airport buses or taxis to downtown Paris. Americans should avoid the affected areas."
CNN's Chris Burns and Hayat Mongodin contributed to this report
法国政府担心，暴动会演变成大规模的种族冲突，已考虑派出军队镇压暴乱。
http://www.zaobao.com/gj/gj051106_506.html
● 李月霞（整理）
（巴黎综合电）法国巴黎的暴动触动了反政府浪潮，政界人士、社会学者、社区领袖在震撼之余开始争议：滋事的到底是有组织的犯罪之徒还是回教极端分子又或者是困苦的生活把民众逼上了街头。
10月27日，巴黎的移民集中区最先发生暴乱，到了上个星期四晚上，巴黎以外的好些地区也相继发生暴乱。走上街头的多数是年轻人，好些是回教徒，他们是在法国出生的移民后代，先辈多来自法国在非洲的前殖民地。
现今，法国约有750个失业率高达20%的“敏感城市地区”，这些地区的失业率是全国平均数的一倍，平均收入只有全国平均收入的60%。在15岁至25岁的人当中，失业率更高达36%，若是单看失业的阿拉伯裔青年，比率甚至更高。最先发生暴乱的克利希苏布瓦市便是其中之一。
这些地区几乎每年都会有一次重大的暴乱，没有报道的暴乱更是不计其数。
社会学者维沃尔卡认为，暴乱源自于政府常年不守承诺，政府接纳新移民政策的失误也使得少数族群无法表达心声。为数约500万的回教徒便是政策的受害者。
在报章上发表意见的回教领袖、社区代表和左翼人士看法大致相同，他们都认为暴乱是中间偏右政府削减暴乱区的社会福利开支所致。
社会学者也把矛头指向推行强硬政策的内政部长萨尔科齐。社会学者维沃尔卡接受报章《巴黎人》访问时指出，萨尔科齐要以“高压喷水管”把罪案累累区清洗干净的说辞，无疑“侮辱了整个社区”。
萨尔科齐虽然承认政府需要采取更多政策来协助郊区居民摆脱贫困并融入社会，但他到了星期四时依旧坚持，暴乱是犯罪组织煽动的。
警察部队的工会领袖别辛扎也认为，暴乱是一种城市恐怖主义，领导暴民的是靠贩毒牟利的黑帮头目或为宣扬信念的回教极端分子。
然而，一名高级警官却说，“没有证据显示，暴乱是有组织性的”，他也认为，“暴民受回教分子摆布的说法有欠公允”。
另一名警官也指出，暴乱“并没有回教分子插手的显著迹象”。
巴黎市长德拉诺埃也警告人们不要把一小撮的极端分子或犯罪之徒同回教这个宗教划上等号。实际上，暴乱发生后，好些回教社区领袖纷纷挨家挨户地同暴民的家人谈话或是在暴乱现场制止暴徒胡作非为。
多数的观察员认为，引发暴乱的根本原因是一任又一任的法国政府都不理会移民处于失业与没有社会地位的困境。
《费加罗报》在社论中说，这些毫无生气的社区成了500万人生活的“牢狱”。该社论指出，政府自上个世纪70年代以来让外国人到法国同家人团聚，可是却没有设立足够的机制来协助这些新移民融入社会。
法国媒体也开始批评各政党在处理骚乱问题时还起争议，在舆论声中，有意于2007年角逐总统职位的总理德维尔潘和内政部长萨尔科齐不得不暂时站在同一阵线。
机会平等部部长贝加于上个星期二在报章上对萨尔科齐的强硬政策表示不满。第二天，德维尔潘便在国会中说，萨尔科齐采取的是“必要的政策”。
之后，萨尔科齐上个星期四晚上在电视上说：“我们之间不能也不会有分歧，因为问题太过严重了。”
尽管维持社会治安的重担理论上由萨尔科齐承担，但选民相信会把责任放在整个政府肩上。分析人员认为，若处理不当，反对移民政策的极右政界人士便能从中捞取资本。
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巴黎暴动局势恶化 可能蔓延全国成种族冲突
（新加坡）联合早报 (2005-11-06)
● 麦可欣
法国政府担心，暴动会演变成大规模的种族冲突，已考虑派出军队镇压暴乱。
（巴黎综合电）巴黎暴动前天进入第九天，局势失控，有蔓延到全国各地的趋势。美国和俄罗斯已发出旅游警告，吁请公民避免到巴黎市郊。
据报道，全国有近900辆车子和好些建筑物遭暴徒纵火，警方逮捕了200多人。大巴黎区外被焚烧的车子比暴动中心地区还多。政府担心，暴动会演变成大规模的种族冲突，已考虑派出军队镇压暴乱。
法国一些大城市，如东北部的斯特拉斯堡（Strasbourg）、西南部的波尔多（Bordeaux）、南部的图卢兹（Toulouse）、波城（Pau）、马赛（Marseille）和尼斯（Nice），以及北部的里尔（Lille）、鲁昂（Rouen）和雷恩（Rennes）前天晚上相继发生小规模的骚乱，这是巴黎市郊以外的大城市第二晚发生骚乱事件。
此外，暴徒似乎也越来越凶悍。据内政部官员透露，巴黎东部一青年团伙前天晚上向救护人员抛掷石头，并向救护车发射燃烧弹，阻碍他们疏散和拯救伤者。之前也发生托儿所遭人纵火，暴徒向防暴车发射大型铅弹，以及放火焚烧一名残疾妇女的事件。
美国大使馆已发出警告，吁请国民避免乘搭往来戴高乐机场的列车。但法国外交部却认为外国媒体对骚乱事件过分渲染。
外交部发言人马太告诉记者：“我不认为巴黎的外国旅客会在任何方面受到这些事件威胁。”
被批评在事件中应对措施不当的德维尔潘总理昨天与八名部长和一名回教领袖召开了紧急会议，商讨平息骚乱的对策。他之前也与暴乱地区的部分青年会面。
内政部长萨尔科齐前天突访巴黎以西的警察总部，下令警员必将暴徒捉拿归案。他坚信暴徒是有组织的。巴黎检察官博特也称暴徒是有组织的青年团伙。
但国家警察发言人哈莫称，巴黎市郊爆发的暴乱似乎都未经协调，不过他指出，暴乱青年利用手机简讯或电子邮件安排集会地点，并互相通报。
暴民跟警方打游击
警方说，这些流动性非常高的青年团伙选择以打游击方式发难，不跟警察正面冲突。当局首次出动直升机拍摄事发经过，同时向在地面执行巡逻任务的警员通报情况。
此次暴乱也殃及华人社区，前天晚上有五个华商仓库被烧毁。这是暴乱九天来第一次出现针对华商的破坏事件。损失最严重的华商仓库位于巴黎东北市郊塞纳圣但尼省的勒布朗梅尼勒市。
此外，巴黎一所学生公寓也遭人纵火，造成一死15伤，伤者包括一名20岁的北京女学生。
巴黎的暴动是因北部市郊克利希苏布瓦市两名少年企图逃过警方逮捕，结果触电身亡引发的。该市移民人口居多，失业率高。骚乱者主要是当地的北非和非洲黑人后裔。
随着事态的发展，法国一些媒体开始对各政党在处理暴乱问题中发生的政党之争提出批评，认为当务之急是恢复秩序，未来则需要加强社会对话，并采取切实措施解决郊区严重的贫穷和失业问题，从源头上预防暴乱的发生。
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Unrest reaches French capital
Riots, arson take new turn, spreads across country
Saturday, November 5, 2005; Posted: 10:24 p.m. EST (03:24 GMT)
http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/11/05/france.riots/index.html
PARIS, France (CNN) -- Protesters in France expanded their arson rampage into the capital city of Paris and along Mediterranean resort communities as the nation's Interior Ministry predicted the violence would grow by daybreak Sunday.
Police helicopters flew over Paris and other locations in an effort to identify and stop the vandals, French radio said.
The latest violence, sparked by the deaths of two teenagers in suburban Paris, spread west to the Normandy region and south to the Mediterranean. In the resort cities of Cannes and Nice, where arson was reported.
By early Sunday, more than 800 cars had been burned, 144 people detained and several police officers and firefighters injured after a 10th night of rioting across France, according to national police spokesman Patrick Hamon.
Thirteen cars were torched in Paris, including several in the Place de la Republique in the central city.
In the Normandy city of Evreux, five police officers and three firefighters were injured when two schools, a post office, a shopping center and 50 cars were burned, Hamon said. A child care center was burned in Lille in northern France.
Two schools in Grigny, south of Paris, were set ablaze and firefighters responded to 30 reports of arson in Toulouse, in southern France, the Interior Ministry said. Several cars were on fire and several trash cans were burning outside public buildings.
A cultural center in the central city of Nantes was destroyed by fire, and a youth hostel burned in Paris, the ministry said. (Watch French teens explain why they're angry -- 2:08)
The spreading violence has shocked national leaders and community residents into action as the French prime minister held special meetings Saturday and concerned citizens participated in a demonstration march.
For 10 days police, government and community leaders have been struggling to restore order, and debating how to quell the unrest that began October 27 in the Paris suburb of Clichy-sous-Bois.
Locals blamed police for the electrocution deaths of two teenagers -- both of African descent -- who climbed a fence surrounding a power station while apparently running from police.
Poverty, unemployment, discrimination
The vandalism has spread to around 20 communities with large immigrant and Muslim populations who've been plagued by poverty, unemployment and alleged discrimination. In some areas, unemployment is 25 percent.
French Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin met with community leaders and members of his Cabinet Saturday to address the situation.
Mediators and religious leaders are talking to the youths in an effort to stop the violence. More than 2,000 vehicles have been torched in the violence, and hundreds or people arrested. Some police officers, paramedics and journalists have been injured.
The rioting prompted warnings from the U.S. and British governments for visitors to be aware of the situation and avoid the affected areas.
As many as 3,000 people took part in a silent march Saturday morning, speaking out against the rioting and its root causes, state radio reported.
'Quite hard to combat'
Hamon told The Associated Press that arsonists were moving beyond their heavily policed neighborhoods to less protected areas.
"They are very mobile, in cars or scooters. ... It is quite hard to combat," Hamon told AP. "Most are young, very young, we have even seen young minors."
There appeared to be no coordination between separate groups in different areas, Hamon told AP. But within gangs, youths are communicating by cell phones or e-mails. "They organize themselves, arrange meetings, some prepare the Molotov cocktails."
In quiet Acheres, west of Paris, arsonists burned a nursery school, where part of the roof caved in, and about a dozen cars in four attacks that the mayor said seemed "perfectly organized," AP reported.
Children's photos clung to the blackened walls, and melted plastic toys littered the floor, AP reported. Mayor Alain Outreman tried to cool tempers and rejected demands that militias be formed or that the army be deployed. "We are not going to start militias," he said. "You would have to be everywhere."
Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy said the government is unanimous in its determination to end the violence and address the problems.
"Once this crisis is overcome and calm is restored, each must also understand that there's also a certain feeling of injustice in some neighborhoods," Sarkozy said Saturday, according to a translation from Reuters News Agency. "I have thought this for a long time, and said it as well."
There have been calls by the Green Party and the Communist Party for Sarkozy to resign, after he called the rioters "scum" earlier in the week -- language that served only to inflame the vandalism.
Warning for tourists
The U.S. Embassy in Paris has issued a public announcement warning American travelers about the rioting.
"Although the riots have occurred in areas not normally frequented by U.S. tourists, travelers should be aware that train travel from the Charles de Gaulle Airport to the city center may be disrupted at times, as it passes near the affected area," according to the announcement, dated Friday.
"Travelers could rely instead on airport buses or taxis to downtown Paris. Americans should avoid the affected areas."
CNN's Chris Burns and Hayat Mongodin contributed to this report
法国政府担心，暴动会演变成大规模的种族冲突，已考虑派出军队镇压暴乱。
