(1)CCTV 电视节目对话
http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shizheng/19/20030115/908100.html
视频：回顾尼克松访华，展望中美关系未来(上)
对话主题：回顾尼克松访华30周年，展望中美关系美好未来
中方嘉宾：知名外交家冀朝铸、章含之
外方嘉宾：尼克松次女朱莉•尼克松•艾森豪威尔
顾宜凡（以下简称“顾”）：观众朋友们，大家好！我们现在就在尼克松访华回顾展的现场――中国历史博物馆。坐在我身边的就是朱莉•尼克松•艾森豪威尔女士。朱莉，欢迎您来到我们的节目。
朱莉•尼克松•艾森豪威尔（以下简称“朱莉”）：感谢你们的邀请，多谢！
顾：这位是冀朝铸大使。这位就是章含之女士。尼克松总统访华前，在1972年2月份的国会演讲中说：“中国是一个充满活力的国家，中华民族是一个充满活力的民族，不应该被排斥在国际大家庭之外。”他当时有没有对你谈到一些关于中国的事情？
朱莉：很高兴到这里来，这次回顾展令人兴奋的一点就是：它展现了我父亲观点的变化过程，他对中国的看法以及对世界上其它国家看法的改变。他在1967年为《读者文摘》写的一篇文章中谈到：继续孤立世界上最有智慧和能力的十亿中国人，将是外交政策上的灾难。所以早在1967年，即我父亲历史性访华的五年前，他就考虑到中国和美国必须找到共同点。他决定实现这一愿望，所以在宣誓就职的第十二天，他把基辛格叫到办公室说：“我要去中国！”那就是开端。
顾：冀大使，接待尼克松总统之前，外交部做了哪些准备工作？
冀朝铸（以下简称“冀”）：说到迎接尼克松总统的准备工作，实际上是从基辛格的一系列访问就开始了。从基辛格第一次访华开始，一个特殊的接待班子就组成了。他们接到中央领导的指示：从现在起，你们的主要任务就是做好迎接尼克松的准备。比如：在尼克松到达之前，我们住进了钓鱼台国宾馆，我们阅读研究关于美国的方方面面的书籍和文章。
朱莉：上面写的都是好话吧？
冀：那当然了。我， 章含之还有其他同志们，对将要发生的事情感到无比兴奋，而我个人的心情就更不用说了。因为我在美国长大，我九岁时就随家人去了美国，那时是作为二战难民，为躲避日本侵略而逃到美国去的。我在美国长大成人后才回到了中国，所以被称为“假洋鬼子”。朱莉，你能来与我们一起庆祝尼克松访华三十周年，可想我是多么高兴。那次访问不仅改变了中国的历史进程，也帮助改变了世界。
顾：我注意到在尼克松总统的代表团飞机中有一架带有泛美航空的标志，那肯定不是空军一号？那是什么？
朱莉：我想那是备用飞机，是用来装载备用的物品和随行人员的，我父亲乘坐的是空军一号，机身上印有美国国徽标志。我想大家可能不知道，我父亲去世后，就是这架空军一号将他的遗体送往加利弗尼亚去的。
顾：我这里有一本当时香港出版的关于“尼克松北京7日游”的杂志，详细记载了当时访问的日程。当时是2月21日11:25到的北京，尼克松总统是先到上海才到北京的，是吧？当时最先见到尼克松总统和夫人的是哪一位？这里面有一幅照片。
冀：这是你。
顾：章含之女士，这张照片是在尼克松总统在从上海飞往北京的飞机上照的吗？
朱莉：让我来讲一讲这段故事好吗？
顾：好！ 请。
朱莉：这个故事能以小见大，说明父亲对那次访问的用心。他对如何从细节上表示对中国人民的尊重，非常重视和仔细。他的专机先在上海降落，然后换上中国领航员。我认为空军一号完全可以自行从上海飞到北京，并不需要中国领航员，但是他这样做是为了表示一种理念：即这次访问是我们两国的一次合作，表明两国人民将共同向前看，所以他将中国领航员带上了空军一号。好像你也挤上去了，是吧？你在上边。
章含之（以下简称“章”）：好像是吧。这张照片证明我在上面。
朱莉：另一件有趣的事情是：这是美国总统最后一次出国访问途中没有乘坐空军一号。我父亲建议从北京到杭州，他乘坐中国的飞机。我不相信在他之后，还曾有过任何一个美国总统再乘坐过外国的飞机。我父亲那样做是为了表明：既然我是中国人民的客人，我也自然应该是中国飞机上的乘客。
顾：从大的方面讲是划历史意义的，这小的方面也是创造了历史的。从此再没有一位美国总统访华时坐中国的飞机。
章：俄国的螺旋桨飞机，那架专机是周总理的专机，的确对美国总统来说要有好大的决心，而且对中美关系寄予这样大的期望，才能够决定上一架中国的专机。这架专机是俄国制造的螺旋桨飞机，也就是伊尔―18型飞机。当时尼克松总统访华之前来了一个先遣队，由黑格将军带领的先遣队，我是黑格将军的全程翻译，当时讨论了所有的细节。在讨论专机的时候，我们觉得这是美方特别难得的一点。在这一点上我们双方达成一致：从北京到杭州，尼克松总统作为周总理的客人上了周恩来总理的专机，就是我刚才说的那架伊尔―18；从杭州到上海，周恩来总理作为尼克松总统的客人，坐空军一号。这就显示了中美之间平等的关系，而且是一种互相友好的关系。到上海以后，空军一号给我们每人一张证书，表示我们曾经登上了空军一号。
顾：听说在尼克松总统下飞机之前，他问周总理有没有穿大衣，请讲讲这个细节。
朱莉：你可以想象得到，当一个国家的元首在一个受世界瞩目的出访过程中，细节是不可忽视的。例如：他即将见面的这位“对家”是否穿着大衣等，也是非常重要的。如果在严寒中来迎接他的周恩来没有穿大衣的话，那么我父亲也打算将他的大衣留在飞机上，他要以处处平等的姿态走上中国的土地。智慧的周恩来似乎知道我父亲的心事，他穿着大衣。谢天谢地！我父亲也穿着大衣走出了飞机。
顾：章女士，你当时在场吗？
章：当时我们都在机场。二月份很冷，但是好多人都不觉得冷，紧张这个字也不完全准确，我们当时并不是紧张，而是满怀期待。所有在飞机场的人都意识到，我们在目击一桩震动世界的事情，期待着这件事情的发生。
朱莉：主持人，是不是可以请冀大使站到当年他在那历史性握手的时刻他所站的地方，在那两只手握在一起的时刻，是他做的翻译，能让大使站到那儿重演那一幕吗？
顾：这个建议太好了！可以吗，冀大使？
冀：谢谢！我很荣幸。首先我要声明当时我穿的不是西装，而是中山装，也就是所谓的毛式制服。现在来不及换上当时的衣服了。我站在比较靠后的位置，不敢往前靠近。
我一看到总统先生从弦梯往下走时，我快步跑上前，就在这个位置，既保持一定的距离，又不能隔得太远。当两位伟人走近时，我又向前凑了一小步，我担心哪怕是我漏掉了一个字，也会酿成大祸。所以我站的位置使我能够听清楚两位伟人开口所说的第一句话和每一句话。
朱莉：他们说的什么？
冀：我记得尼克松总统说：“我跨越了浩瀚太平洋的隔绝来与伟大的中国人民握手。”为什么尼克松总统如此强调握手呢？这要从二十年之前说起。那是在一次日内瓦会议上，那次会议的议程是关于和平解决朝鲜战争问题，与会的国家有中国、 美国、法国、英国、印度等。会议期间 ，各国与会代表都互相握手，当周恩来总理向美国国务卿杜勒斯伸出手时，杜勒斯转身而去。当时美国代表团的其他成员认为这是非常失礼的，尤其是代表团的副团长史密斯将军更为此失礼而不安。他走到周总理身边，但是当时美国政府有明确规定，不准代表团中的任何成员与共产党人握手，但史密斯将军将会怎么做呢？恕我不敬，模仿一下当年的情景。假设我就是史密斯将军，我这样抓住周总理的小臂握了一握。这是史密斯将军留下的历史闪光点。再回到1972年2月，在总统先生走下弦梯时，他的脚还未踏上中国的土地，手就先伸了过来，周总理的手也伸了过去，两只巨手热烈地握在了一起。对于我来说，是无比地荣耀和自豪，能站在这儿、在两位伟人首次会面的时刻为他们翻译。谢谢！
顾：冀大使，从那些照片上看，你当时站得笔直笔直的，是不是有点紧张？
冀：当然！我非常紧张。因为当时我意识到这一时刻将会改变中国的历史，乃至世界的历史。
顾：当天晚上，周恩来总理接见尼克松总统并举行了会谈，冀大使，你参加了那次会谈吗？是不是讨论了《中美上海公报》？
冀：《上海公报》是大原则，已经大体谈好了，谈了好多次了。
朱莉：谈了15小时，整整15小时面对面的谈判。虽然在这之前已经有了很多的谈判，但当时的那15小时至关重要，我认为《上海公报》之所以成为外交史上十分独特的外交文件，是因为它实现了在中美关系中“求同存异”的原则。双方各自列举了自己的观点，美国方面提出了他们关于越南 、关于台湾、关于朝鲜的立场，这些立场与中方是截然相反的。在《公报》里中美双方各自申明了自己的立场，同时同意我们双方有共识，我们可以在“求同存异”的基础上进行合作。
章：应该是在1971年的10月份，基辛格来谈判的时候就已经定下来了。在1971年的7月份，基辛格秘密访华就打开了这扇大门，准备尼克松总统的访华。下一次10月的访华是一次工作访问，这次工作访问实际上决定了尼克松总统能不能如期顺利访华，也就是《上海公报》。第二次交换意见是在黑格来的时候，跟周恩来总理之间进行谈判，在具体的（问题上）字斟句酌，周恩来对每一个字都很注意。当时我是他的翻译，每一个字我们双方都经过详细讨论，能不能用这个字。因为当时双方的隔阂还非常大，每一个用字都很可能引起误解，其中特别是关于台湾问题。还有许多东西，要等尼克松总统来了以后再谈。后来尼克松总统来了以后，做长时间的关于《公报》的谈判，17个小时。
冀：当时关键的关键是如何讨论台湾问题。那个时候如何能够达成一个大家都同意的措词，不损害任何一方立场的一个说法，是关键的关键。关键的关键首先归功于尼克松总统和周恩来总理。但是具体的谈判，我看主要是基辛格博士和乔冠华。他们谈到最后就达成了这么一个非常奇妙的措词：“海峡两岸同属一个中国，世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。”至于中国叫作什么我们就不说了，这个大家都没有疑义。中美双方领导高度的智慧，使得我们两个伟大的国家，能够克服这个困难走在一起，从此以后两国关系一直发展下去。
章：我记得后来毛主席特别表扬这句话。尼克松总统访华之后，毛主席找我们去开会，主席说最后这句大家同意了，关键还是基辛格想出来的。我还想加一点点，这个月的月初我在杭州，我去看了八角楼，感触很多。八角楼是《上海公报》最后达成协议的地方，大家都知道，后来出了一些曲折。北京本来已经达成协议了，毛主席已经批准了。到杭州的时候，大家觉得已经很开心了，没有想到美方出了问题，美方提出了不同意见，美国国务院提出了不同意见。当时乔冠华认为一切都解决了，没有想到基辛格提出来，说我们要重新再谈一些问题。大概有三个分歧的问题要重新谈。这时候离第二天去上海只有24小时了。这24小时我看实际上是《中美上海公报》真正的关键，双方都非常紧张，这24小时，对于双方政治的远见、智慧、谈判的技巧都是一个最大的考验，一个最大的挑战。最后的谈判是在杭州宴会之后，在刘庄的八角楼里举行的。八角楼原来是干什么的？不是做谈判用的，它是个岗哨，它就在西湖边上，看湖面上的动作特别清楚。本来是个站岗的地方，后来毛主席住在那里，觉得那个地方的景致很好，于是加上玻璃以后就变成一个休息室，没想到八角楼后来起了这么大的历史作用。当天晚上大约是从10点钟开始谈，那次出席谈判的是乔冠华和基辛格，尼克松和周总理一直没有睡觉，等着前方的消息。那个谈判是非常非常激烈的，几乎都是要谈不成了。中方当然也很不高兴，毛主席同意的东西，我们不好随便改。毛主席在北京没有睡觉，尼克松和周总理没有睡觉，在八角楼里是基辛格和乔冠华在谈判，谈到天亮4点，4点钟的时候双方达成了协议，大家都放心了。
顾：现在我们在座的对当时的事情有没有记忆？大部分可能当时非常小，有的还没有出生。张朝阳，你应该记得，当时你虽然小，你应该记得一些事情。
张朝阳(搜狐公司总裁兼CEO)：那年我八岁，住在西安郊区的一个小镇，那时的传播也不是特别发达，所以我们只能听中央人民广播电台，因为当时没有电视，过后几天有新闻纪录片、新闻简报。以前对我们来讲是美帝国主义，现在突然美国的印象开始变得正面了一些。我当时那么小，也没有想到当时在北京所发生的事件，对我们这代人未来有如此大的影响。因为我当时想很多哥哥、姐姐，很多大孩子都是毕业以后要上山下乡，我也想去广阔天地大有作为。没有想到我一九八六年就去美国了。到现在不可想像，现在我们可以坐在中国在运营一个公司，而且这个公司在美国的股票市场上市，中国人都可以来买美国的股票，这个历史变化太巨大了！我本人整个生活的几十年见证了这样的历史。
顾：唐瑞德先生，你在这个展览前的一段录像里说，你们《读者文摘》当时对推动尼克松访华所起的作用感到自豪。为什么呢？
唐瑞德(美国《读者文摘》总裁兼CEO)：朱莉刚刚也提到了，尼克松在第一次总统竞选落选后，《读者文摘》的董事长非常担心这位美国社会最重要的人物之一将会从此销声匿迹，所以他建议尼克松花点时间到世界各地转一转，去观察世界上正在发生的事情。尼克松此次走访的成果之一，就是朱莉刚才提到的那篇于1967年发表在《读者文摘》上的文章。那篇文章鲜明地阐述了关于中国的重要性的思想，以及尽快让中国纳入国际大家庭的迫切性。所以《读者文摘》与尼克松总统有着很深远的历史关系。当我们听说要在中国举办尼克松访华回顾展时，我就觉得这是一个很好的机会，巩固我们与尼克松家庭的关系，同时也让我们一起庆祝尼克松访华，我们这个时代最重要的历史事件之一。我要强调的是：这次我来到这里以后所看到的一切，让我更加坚信，我们《读者文摘》赞助这次活动，是一个正确的决定。
朱莉：我想起了诺贝尔文学奖获得者赛珍珠曾说过一句非常令人深思的话。你知道赛珍珠是在中国出生的，她写过有关中国的书。她说过：“千年以后再回顾美国历史，如果有一句话可以总结千年美国史的话，那句话就是：尼克松去了中国。”
顾：在创造历史的七天中有很多故事，当时你们是从那次宴会开始分了工，谁负责为尼克松翻译，是不是？
章：我们年纪虽然大了，但都忘不掉。当时我们三个人有分工，你是尼克松总统的翻译，我是尼克松夫人的翻译，唐闻生是会谈的翻译。那天我看了你们展览上的影片，人家说：“你怎么无处不在？”到处都是我，我说我是偷了所有的镜头，其实他们的工作最辛苦。他们在会谈桌上，我当时的任务是陪同尼克松夫人参观访问。所以你想：拍电影的人，像他们拍电视的，不会让他们在那里从头拍到底，人家秘密会谈，也不会让你记者在那里从头听到底。记者只能去拍养猪场、北京饭店、长城、故宫，那里都是我的地方。后来尼克松总统到北京的第二次宴会前，半开玩笑地给周总理提了个意见，他当时说：我想跟我的夫人换个翻译。因为总统先生想要这样一个公众形象，他要跟一位女士在台上，而不是跟小冀。他跟尼克松总统差不多高，而且并不是长得特别漂亮，后来小冀找我，说下一场是你的事，指的是北京的宴会。当时我说绝对不干，绝对不可以的。我当时因为参加外交部比较晚，他们当时在外交部已经很长时间了，我一九七一年才进外交部，进外交部以后虽然做了一些翻译，从来没看见过这个场面，尤其是媒体，突然一下子来了三百多个美国所谓的媒体。什么是媒体？对中国人来说当时没有媒体的概念就觉得是一大片入侵者。来了以后一下就摆起这个阵势，灯光打起来，说老实话光这个灯光就把人吓得够呛。现在我们中国的媒体，我看跟美国的媒体一样咄咄逼人，当时可没有这种阵势。我说我可受不了，这三百多个美国记者一排开，大家都抢镜头，我在台上吓都吓晕了；而且还有一条最重要的，我不敢跟他换，尼克松总统经常是临时讲话，不读稿子。当时如果尼克松总统即兴讲话，我整个吓蒙了。翻译就是临场发挥的问题，临场的发挥只要慌一个字，后头一句话都听不见了，一定要非常镇静。在这种阵势下我肯定慌，尤其他即兴讲话我肯定慌。后来这个“官司”打到总理那里，周总理就笑，总理说：“你们两个人自己决定去吧。”最后我跟小冀达成了一个协议，我们俩人签的协议就是“北京协议”。我们俩定的协议是：他把北京的翻译工作做完。所以到了杭州第一次吃叫化鸡，就是我翻译的。我们合作得很好，我们也没吵架。
朱莉：我来讲点关于翻译的故事。他们非常聪明能干，还有一位当时的翻译唐闻生今天不在场，就在座的两位来说，确实做到了为他们的祖国尽职尽责。在访问结束时，我父亲特别赞扬了几位翻译。那天是章含之为我父亲做的翻译，你知道我父亲一句中文也不会，顶多会说一句“你好”，但他一句中文也听不懂，他站起来说：“感谢你们出色的翻译！”他对着章含之说她很出色，她的翻译我全听到了，一个字也没错过。
章：谢谢你父亲这样称赞！实际上我在告别晚宴上，犯了一个愚蠢的错误。
朱莉：他不可能知道，但他确信你一个字也没翻错，还有冀大使也是如此。
章：当时尼克松总统讲到中美之间的距离，有多少英里，我把米和英里搞混了，把距离搞错了，你的父亲当时肯定没有意识到。
朱莉：不会，他不可能知道。
章：有人说从电视上看到我当时很尴尬。
朱莉：你太谦虚了！
章：我确实犯了错，但是在场没有一个中方人员听得出来，因为那时没有中国人去过美国，也没有一个美方人员听得出来，因为他们也搞不清中国到美国有多远，所以我就自行决定了，中美之间到底有多远，只有周恩来意识到了。他抬起头来说：“含之，太近了点吧。”
朱莉：能和那位芭蕾舞演员谈谈吗？我记得当年我父母说到过，看《红色娘子军》有多么激动，还能再转个圈吗？
冀：你能不能再转一下？
宋琛琛（原中央芭蕾舞团演员）：可以。我把当年穿的《红色娘子军》的连长的服装都带来了。主要我要讲的是，那一天下午，在人民大会堂小礼堂宴会厅走台的时候。我们正排到第四场《万泉河》“万泉河水”那一段的时候，我就听到后面有人说：“好像总理在乐池旁边看我们。”因为下面比较暗，当时总理看到我们在台上有点激动的时候，他马上示意说：“你们继续排练，不要受我的影响。”等到中间休息的时候，总理说：“你们一定要把晚上的演出演好”，所以大家真是群情激奋，情绪高昂极了。当时还是短袖的，可能现在套不上了，很瘦的。
（宋琛琛表演舞蹈《红色娘子军》片段）
朱莉：太妙了！
顾：当时穿的不是高跟鞋吧？开个玩笑……
宋琛琛：不是。是穿的脚尖鞋。我整个后背都在转，整个过程立在脚尖上，握着拳。
朱莉：芭蕾舞？当时跳的是芭蕾舞？
顾：朱莉说你30年后还能穿当时的衣服，这是一个奇迹。
朱莉：我父母非常爱笑，我认为中国人非常爱笑，我从影片里看到我妈妈所到的很多场合孩子们在笑，大人们在笑，翻译们也在笑。笑是一种国际语言。我最爱讲的一个关于那次访问的故事能说明我父亲对那次中国之行有多么兴奋。他访华回国后的那天我们全家在白宫共进晚餐，你们从这次展览上可以看到，每一个代表团成员都带回了一瓶茅台。我父亲对茅台的印象非常深刻，谈起茅台很有兴致，他试图告诉我和我妹妹，茅台酒有多么烈，他说我来给你们表演。他拿过来一个杯盖，你们从展览上可以看到那个杯子和盖子 ，那是白宫里最漂亮的瓷器，镶着金边的白瓷杯，我妈妈当时给吓坏了，她直喊：“你在干什么？”爸爸将茅台倒进了杯盖中，然后划了根火柴扔了进去，火苗就喷了出来，弄得餐桌上火焰四溅。但他说服了我们，中国茅台是一种烈酒，同时也看得出来他回家后的那个晚上有多么兴奋。
顾：可能他拿回去的不仅是茅台，还有一小盒什么？熊猫香烟。我们当时在钓鱼台国宾馆的有一位同志来了，你给我们说说，怎么每天晚上烟也不见了，糖也不见了，是怎么回事？
刘馥敏（原钓鱼台18号楼服务员）：真正接待尼克松的时候，从我个人感觉来说，基本上所有美国总统都是我接待的，但是给我感觉最和蔼、最温柔的，好像还是尼克松总统。但是那时候给我们的感觉，还是很紧张的，邓大姐给我们开会，让我们接待的方针，要不冷不热、不卑不亢、落落大方，我们开始看到尼克松总统的时候，觉得很紧张。基本上那时候很少看到美国人，基辛格来打前站的时候，秘密来的时候，我参加了跟总理的那次会谈，但是基辛格的那个长相，和美国人又有点不同，尼克松总统来了以后，在大客厅里先见面的。我们去送水、送毛巾，很严肃的，我负责在楼上给尼克松总统和他夫人开饭，在早晨他们去吃早点的时候，我就用中文讲“你好”，他也学了一下“你好”。到餐厅以后，他主动给夫人先把椅子拉开，我觉得这点和中国人挺不大相像的，中国好像女的给男的先拉一下，那天尼克松总统就问：“你会讲英语吗？”当时我说：“会一点点。”他说：“你叫什么名字？”问我名字，我说：“我叫刘馥敏。”就是刘字他说不清楚。当时给我感觉好像美国人也不那么可怕。因为那个时候是两个超级大国，他是霸权国家，给我感觉美帝国主义很可怕的。
章：当时有人给我们汇报，说美国人非常奇怪，他们吃糖连糖纸一起吃。
刘馥敏：对，那个时候糖里面有一层糯米纸。
章：连外头的纸一起吃。当时我们说不可能，没有一个国家连糖纸一起吃，后来你们那个服务员汇报说：“真的！”因为字纸篓里头糖没有了，连纸都没有了。
刘馥敏：实际被他们拿走了。
章：对。我们就说他们喜欢中国糖，带走了。这个故事我们告诉了毛泽东主席。所以后来黑格将军来的时候，从上海离开的时候，毛主席指示：每个美国客人一个人送十斤糖。他们都是农村来的服务员，不明白为什么糖吃完了纸不见了。
顾：当时有没有发现茅台酒不见了？
刘馥敏：没有。是在小餐厅，在楼上小餐厅。我们专门给总统提供一个楼上的小餐厅，那里面摆着酒样子，后来发现没有了。还有我觉得尼克松总统，我为什么说他特别温和。他拿起筷子看半天，不知道怎么用，我就告诉他，这里有一个轴，必须用中指在中间隔开才行，我就给他做示范。
朱莉：他们学得怎么样？会使筷子了吗？
刘馥敏：我觉得他学得挺快的，后来基本上他都可以使用了。
朱莉：你是除了我以外的另外一个筷子老师，我在照片上看到，她们拿筷子的姿势很优雅。
刘馥敏：谢谢！
顾：你父母有谈及这些事吗？他们觉得住在钓鱼台怎么样？
朱莉：他们说那儿太美了！他们还特别喜欢那件猫的刺绣，两面都有的绣猫，那时在中国很有名。那漂亮的白猫，栩栩如生，你忍不住想去抚摸它身上柔软细腻的毛，你说过那是件珍宝被特别安放在国宾馆。四年之后，当我父母再次访问中国时，那件刺绣被作为礼品送给了他们，它一直是尼克松家庭的珍宝，直到尼克松图书馆成立后，那是他们从家里拿出去的第一件珍品。我父母希望每一位参观图书馆的人，都能分享这件精美绝伦的中国艺术品，它也在这次展览的物品之列，你们一定要看一看。好像这种刺绣有一个特别的名字，叫什么来着？
章：双面绣，苏州的双面绣。
朱莉：对，正是这种珍品。
顾：刚才她提到的一件事很有意思的，就是钓鱼台为了接待尼克松总统，好多珍宝都移到那儿去了。我们这个节目拍摄前，联系了好多当时参与接待的人员，最后有的不能来。当时的外交部礼宾司司长朱传贤先生给我们写来了一封信，讲到一些细节。他就提到尼克松第二次访华的时候，给他安排游了桂林，桂林当时不是太有名的城市，但因为尼克松去了而一夜成为中国四大旅游点之一。所以尼克松访华也给许多中国的景点和宾馆都带来了好运。
朱莉：太好了！
章：当时我们确实希望在接待中给尼克松总统一种亲切感。当时我接到一个任务，叫我去找美国歌曲。
朱莉：是你选了那首“美丽的牧场我的家”，当时能够在中国听到那首歌，真是不得了！它不是一首流行歌曲。
章：对 它不是流行歌曲。
朱莉：当时我们美国人在电视上看到了整个宴会的过程，我们听到正在演奏那首“美丽的牧场我的家”。
章：在当时的中国，不仅没有美国流行音乐，也没有中国流行音乐，七十年代我们只能唱革命歌曲。在那样的环境下，周恩来总理特别关照，在宴会上要演奏适宜的音乐。我被安排去寻找美国民歌，周总理关照要我们最好能找到尼克松总统喜欢的歌。当时我找遍了在北京的美国人――当然这些都是美国的革命派，大多数是在中国教学的老师。我当时到友谊宾馆，找到了那些美国人，最后从我搜集到的所有音乐中，我发现了这首“美丽的牧场我的家”，我们就在人民大会堂里播放了这首音乐，当时的情景很感人。
朱莉：我父亲当时带了一个随行摄影师，他拍摄了十八个小时的胶片，其中有一些画面从未公开过。从这些画面中可以看到，我父亲与周恩来在一起的轻松场面，他们在一起非常亲切，像你说的，他们在西湖边散步。当我们今天再从影片中看到这两位伟大的领导人在一起时，当年的情景历历在目，仿佛看到他们并肩走来，谈笑风生。
顾：朱莉说她还注意到我们观众席中的一个人，这个人传着传统的中山装，是我们原国家体委主任李梦华先生，她希望你讲几句话。
李梦华：美国人民、中国人民都是伟大的人民！中美两国人民友谊不断发展，这是世界人民共同的愿望和要求，也是中国人民和美国人民的共同要求，因为我们两个国家的关系得到不断地向前发展，这是对世界和平非常有利的一个重要因素。谢谢大家！
朱莉：太美了！美极了！说得太好了！你该不是一位大政治家吧。
冀：她说您恐怕是一位大政治家吧，说得那么好！
顾：我正愁没有结束语呢！他把我的结束语以最好的形式、最好的语气表达出来了。好，我们下期见。
（上集完）
来源：人民网 2003年1月15日
人民网 >> 时政 >> 综合报道 2003年1月15日08:59
《让世界了解你》
“回顾尼克松访华”电视节目对话全文（下）
回顾尼克松访华，展望中美关系未来(下)
对话主题：回顾尼克松访华30周年，展望中美关系美好未来
中方嘉宾：知名外交家冀朝铸、章含之
外方嘉宾：尼克松次女朱莉•尼克松•艾森豪威尔
顾宜凡：冀大使，你还记得第一次为总理做翻译的情景吗？
冀朝铸：好的。我还是说英语吧，给你们讲一讲第一次给总理当翻译时出的娄子。当年我刚回国不久，大家都叫我"洋娃娃"，不知道谁向周恩来总理打了“小报告”，周总理在外交部碰到我在为来访的尼泊尔首相的下属做翻译，总理说：“让这个小冀到我那儿试一试吧。”突然间我从小鸭变天鹅了，从勤务兵的翻译一跃成了首相的翻译，我感到受宠若惊。我给总理第一次做翻译的场合是总理陪同尼泊尔首相观看体育表演。我被事先告知，表演结束时的献礼仪式不用我翻译，而是由其他人翻译，所以献礼时我的脑子就开小差了，但是周总理不知道这一安排。总理说： “小冀你为什么不翻译呢？”我就连蒙带猜地说了一句：“尊敬的首相，现在向您献礼。”总理说：“ 小冀，还有献旗呢？” “天哪！我闯祸了！” 在第二天的国宴上，外交部礼宾司的同志知道我昨天犯了错，他们告诉我：“你这次可要倍加小心，不能漏掉周总理和尼泊尔首相说的一个字。在周总理发表正式讲话时，你要照稿宣读，一个字也不能差。”这次我丝毫不敢怠慢，总理读一句，我读一句；总理再读一句，我又重复一句。渐渐我感到自己仿佛就是总理了。突然，周总理脱了稿即兴讲了一句话，我又闯祸了。当时我的注意力只在稿子上，而没有认真听，我根本没听见总理即兴说了什么，所以我没能翻出来，这回总理真生气了。他说：“小冀太紧张了，换一个翻译。”就这样我从第一桌被赶到了最后一桌。大约五、六个月以后，周总理到外交部做报告，总理说：“我要强调一点，作为一名合格的外交官，除了必备的业务知识以外，最重要的一点，你要在任何时候都必须对党、对国家、对人民绝对忠心，绝对可靠，绝对诚实。”在以后的岁月里，我为周总理当了17年的翻译，我时刻牢记总理的教诲，在任何时候都做到对党、对国家、 对人民绝对忠诚。
顾：今天我们还请到了当年的乒乓球世界冠军郑敏芝女士，听说您跟周总理打过球，请您讲讲您的故事。
郑敏芝：好的。1971年5月1日，是我一生当中非常难忘的一天，出现了很多惊喜，有很多想不到。第一个想不到就是在5月1日下午，周总理接见澳大利亚乒乓球代表团，总理接见完以后，很高兴地走到我们运动员面前，跟我说：“郑敏之，我要和你打乒乓球。”这是第一个我没有想到；第二个没想到，打完乒乓球以后，周总理就跟我们说：“今天晚上我要请你们几个运动员到天安门城楼观看五•一劳动节的焰火，这个我没有想到，因为当时在我的心目中，天安门城楼是伟人才能去的；第三个没想到，在天安门城楼，我们几位乒乓球运动员有徐寅生、梁戈亮、张燮林、梁丽珍以及我本人共五位代表。8点钟左右，周总理陪着毛主席出现了，那时候我们都很激动，周总理陪着毛主席来，我们的手就在晃，拿着红宝书就在晃，非常高兴。我没想到周总理在人群中，叫：“郑敏之”，我听到了但是我人在发直，我没想到周总理一下子就在人群中找到我，很快把手伸进去，右手一下子很有力地把我拉出来，跟毛主席介绍：“主席，这是中国乒乓球队的郑敏之，她们刚刚从三十一届世乒赛回来。”主席握住我的手，他说：“谢谢你！谢谢你们！谢谢你们！”随后邓大姐看到我们，握着我的手，她说：“你们真了不起，你们小小银球，小球震动地球啊！”紧接着，我们中国乒乓球队到美国访问，后来我们国家发生了一系列变化，中美建交，还有我们现在进行的改革开放。我们不应该忘记历史，我们现在再谈中美关系发展，我觉得更加要记住这段历史，更不能忘记尼克松总统、毛主席、周总理这代伟人。
顾：谢谢！朱莉，1976年您访问中国的时候，毛泽东主席接见了您和您的丈夫，您能不能谈当时的印象？
朱莉：那是1976年的除夕夜，晚上11点多钟，我们已经准备睡觉了，突然听到一阵敲门声。真是“人生何处不相逢”，过了26年之后，前些日子我在上海，又碰到了那个半夜里敲我门的人。那天晚上，我听到敲门声，穿着睡衣打开了门，那人说：“毛主席要见你，请立即动身。”我和我丈夫在两分钟之内穿好了衣服，我记得非常清楚我那天穿什么衣服，是一件套头衫，没有扣子，我套在身上就走了。我们在黑夜中上了汽车，30年前的北京，大街上见不到几辆汽车，那已是深夜了，我们身后跟着几辆军用黄色吉普车，长安街上静悄悄的。车把我们送进了中南海，有人把我们领到了毛主席身边，在这之前毛主席曾几次中风，他说话已经不清楚了，有好几个翻译在记录他说的话，然后再问他是不是这个意思。毛主席询问了我父亲的情况，并看了我带给他的我父亲的亲笔信。在信中我父亲表达了他的愿望，虽然中美之间有分歧，但是仍可以继续向建立伙伴关系的方向前进；我记得在那封信里我父亲告诉毛主席，他将在一个月以后访问中国。我父母是最后见到毛主席的美国人。在我父亲那次访华后的几个星期，毛主席就与世长辞了，Nancy唐曾经告诉过我一个故事，她的中文名字叫什么来着？
章含之：唐闻生。
朱：对，唐闻生。今年三月份我来北京时，见到唐闻生，她告诉了我和我丈夫一件先前从不知晓的故事。我父亲第一天到达北京的安排是这样的：由周恩来到机场迎接我父亲之后，当天晚上就要会见毛主席。不巧，那天毛主席患了感冒，他病得很重，呼吸有困难，但他清楚如果在尼克松到达中国的第一天毛泽东没有会见他，外国媒体就会借题发挥，认为访问没有取得成功，一定是中间出了问题。虽然毛主席病得厉害，但他以顽强的意志克服病痛，在当天晚上会见了尼克松，你们也记得这件事吧。
章：1972年，按照毛泽东主席的健康情况，的确不能会见尼克松总统，在黑格将军先遣队访问的时候，他就很关心这件事情。我记得黑格将军是1月份来访问的，就在尼克松访问前一个半月，大约在1月4号的晚上，我是他的全程翻译，当时我们的总部设在民族饭店，突然半夜四点钟我得到一个通知，说立即到毛主席那儿去，毛主席要听汇报，关于先遣队的讨论。可见他对尼克松的访问是如此重视。所以我们在四点钟就像朱莉一样，糊里糊涂地起来跑去见毛主席。当时毛主席的身体情况很不好，腿也肿得很厉害，需要把脚搁在上面，当时我们有点担心，如果在这种情况下，他有可能见不了尼克松总统。那将是一个很大的波折，的确像朱莉刚才说的那样，毛主席以很大的毅力克服了他的病痛，会见了尼克松总统。
朱：那天我父亲并不知道，毛主席正在生病，但他注意到周恩来在会见过程中不停地看表。能够明显看出来，周恩来希望会见的时间尽量短，我父亲搞不清楚为什么，但他明白周恩来的意思，他希望尽快结束会面，他不停地看表，显得坐立不安。三十年之后这个谜才被揭开，原来那天毛主席是带病会见我父亲。
顾：但当时《人民日报》登出来的大照片上，主席看起来还是神采奕奕的，精神非常好。我们这里有一位摄影师，是李华先生，当时主席会见尼克松的时候是您拍的电视，是吧？你能不能讲讲当时的情景？李华（原中央电视台记者）：我们过去工作的时候，毛主席只让拍三分钟，因为主席身体不是很好，灯光一照射眼睛也受不了，只让拍三分钟。但是这次破例了，我们一直拍到了七分钟之长，这是我拍毛主席接见外宾，时间最长的一次，看效果也是最好的一次。其中有一段大家高兴的地方，尼克松总统说：“蒋介石管你们共产党叫‘赤匪’，那么你们叫国民党什么？”当时总理替主席回答的，说：“他叫我们‘赤匪’，我们叫他‘蒋帮’，有的时候也叫‘蒋匪’。”这样情绪就上来了。第二次高潮的地方，谈到基辛格来过两次，都是秘密来的，当时主席就说：“基辛格不像特务。”这句话也把大家的情绪调动起来了。根据这样的情况，我们对拍的片子非常满意，长达七分钟。
顾：冀大使，你给我们讲一个给毛主席做翻译的故事吧。
冀：有次我给毛主席当翻译，我的嗓门不是很大吗？主席晚年就怕声音太大。有一次翻译我在他耳朵边一吼，“你怎么声音这么大！”后来毛主席还是生气，但是一般我就站在后面，最后是唐闻生、章含之，总理也希望多两个翻译。因为主席的话太重要了，一个字也不能错，一个字也不能翻译得不准确。
顾：朱莉，当时在尼克松访问中国时，你们是怎么样关注报道的？通过电视吗？
朱莉：70年代美国没有有线电视，只有NBC、ABC、CBS三大电视网，他们用卫星全天候转播尼克松访华实况，有很多人甚至请假不去上班在家看转播。一阵中国热席卷了整个美国，人们终于看到了，被隔绝在高墙背后的中国。整整二十五年了，没有西方人见到过中国是什么样的。人们把眼睛贴在电视机上，不放过任何一个来自中国的画面，这就是为什么那时章含之在美国成了电视明星。当时我父亲与周恩来关在屋里进行秘密会谈，而我母亲则在外面进行外交活动，她与中国老百姓见面、参观十三陵 、走访医院、与孩子们在一起、在北京饭店品尝佳肴，是我母亲真正地看到了中国的方方面面，美国人通过我母亲的眼睛看到了中国，当然也通过章含之的眼睛。
章：就在那年9月，我去纽约参加联合国大会，有一次我到联合国总部地下室里一个小商店去买东西，那个商店里的服务员一看到我就喊：“快来看，这就是为我们的总统做翻译的那个中国女孩！”挺好玩的。
顾：唐瑞德先生，当时美国媒体对这个访问特别关注，他们是抱一种什么态度来对待这个事件的。
唐瑞德：你知道美国媒体在什么事情上都要找出争论点来，这是我们媒体的“责任”，当然在尼克松访华事件上也不例外，也有一些不同的声音。但是在我的记忆中，对于尼克松访问中国的赞扬声是绝对压倒一切的，并且在全球范围内，不管是媒体也好，还是老百姓也好，都一致拥护尼克松访问中国是一个正确的决定，历史更加证明了它的正确性。
顾：节目开拍之前，咱们这位世界冠军告诉我，他父亲本来非常想来参加这期节目，可惜不能来，他写了一封信给我们，我把它念一下。
顾念信：“尊敬的尼克松总统的女儿，欢迎你再次来到中国访问。今天的中国已经今非昔比了，我非常希望你能在中国多住几日，在工作之余欣赏一些户外的风景。你好像已经看了一些了，是吧？我非常感激你父亲曾在白宫接见我的女儿郑敏之。你父亲对我女儿的亲切鼓励，激励了她一生的发展，我们中国人民感激你父亲为改善中美关系所做出的贡献。中国人民深深地怀念尼克松总统。”
顾：你讲一下当时见到尼克松总统的情景。
郑敏芝：1972年周总理跟我们说：“中国乒乓球队要访问美国。”我觉得非常荣幸能够作为中国乒乓球代表团的一员，也作为中国人民的友好使者能够访问美国。真的，我觉得很自豪，给我印象最深的是在白宫，尼克松总统接见我们，我觉得其中有很重要的一段话，尼克松总统讲：“比赛双方都会有胜负，有胜利者也会有失败者，其中有一个最大的胜利者，那就是美国人民和中国人民的友谊。”这段话给我的印象非常深刻，现在过了三十年，回顾这段话，我觉得好像是在昨天讲的。在这里我想代表中国乒乓球队，请你转达我们对美国乒乓球队的问候，衷心地希望，我们两国人民的友谊能够长存！像你父亲说的，成为最大的胜利者。
朱莉：谢谢你父亲的信！太感人了！
顾：她父亲是一位老师。
朱莉：所以写得那么好。美国乒乓球队是否曾经打败过中国队，他们有过战胜中国队的记录吗？我们的乒乓球打得怎么样？
郑：据说他们进步还是很快的。
朱莉：你很会外交辞令。
章：像个外交家似的。
顾：朱莉，30年来美国人对中国的认识也有了变化吧。
朱莉：绝对是。你们不再叫我们美帝国主义走狗，没错吧？我们不再称你们为“红色中国”，我们已经走出了历史的误区，我们之间的交流是非常重要的。我很感动张朝阳刚才说的话，到美国留学改变了你的生活，当然很多美国人也到中国留学，我们之间的交流越多，我们之间的互相了解也就越深，只有这样世界和平才有希望。
顾：我们还想听听这位当年的外交官的。
唐占希（原美国驻华使馆外交官）：今天我的嗓子不太好，希望大家原谅。1971年基辛格博士第一次访华时，我在台湾工作，当时台湾人非常紧张；六年以后我调到北京，先后在美国驻华联络处和之后的美国驻华使馆工作了三年多。当时中美刚刚建交，工作非常繁忙，也曾和冀朝铸大使一起工作过，您当时是美大司副司长是吧？
冀：是。
唐占希：对，当时每个星期都有美国来的代表团，要达成协议、签个合同什么的。我给他们做翻译工作，也吃过这个苦头，翻译文本都要我校对，天天晚上跑一趟钓鱼台，从人民大会堂跑过去，第二天早晨又重新再来，但是感觉非常愉快。以前我是从事文化和教育交流的，中国第一次到美国去的五十名访问学者是我安排的，我亲自打印他们的IP-66表。当时我觉得很奇怪，1978年快到12月中旬的时候，中美突然宣布：要在将来的两个星期内正式建交。第二天中国教育部来了一个很急的电话说：“请你赶快过来，我们有急事跟你说。”我们到了教育部后听他们说，邓小平今天早上亲自给部长下了一个命令，在中美建交的前夕，第一批50名学者一定要到达美国，这就意味着在两个礼拜之内，整个的安排都要做妥。哪里来这批人呢？然后还真是统统安排好了，因为教育部的人拼命干，大概是12月28号的晚上，在首都机场为他们送行，送行的有周培源，冀大使好像也在吧？有一大批人，有方毅，有伍德科克大使，还有一个七品小官――那就是我。我们到机场送走了他们，然后我问教育部的人，你们从哪里找到这些人，有50名，差不多在一个礼拜之内，从哪里找的？他们说我们去“抓人”，我问怎么“抓人”，他们说：“我们到各个单位问，谁在这里又红又专，又懂基础英语？你是某某人，上车！”
顾：现在做事比10年以前总容易得多了吧？
唐占希：我想回答这个问题最理想的还是甘维珍女士，因为她是做生意的，而我不是“经济挂帅”。
顾：甘维珍，讲中美建交为中美之间的商贸交往所提供的机会，我觉得你是个最合适不过的见证人。
甘维珍(美国甘维珍公司董事长)：我第一次到达北京的那天，是一个非常特殊的日子，是1978年12月16日，你记得那是个什么日子吗？那是中美宣布要正式建交的日子，我是陪同美国大通银行的行长来访华的。当时我正在人民大会堂，我是他的蹩脚中文翻译，我们结束会议离开人民大会堂时，听到了中美将建交的消息。那天《人民日报》出了套红版面，从那以后一切都发生了巨大的变化。说到做生意，当时在整个中国，所有的商业谈判都必须在一座楼里进行，这个地方叫二里沟，与英语里“早点走”发言类似，因为那时与中国进行生意谈判十分艰难，那些大鼻子的外国人谈不成生意，就早早地跑了。所以我们叫“二里沟”为“早点走”。在1978年，中国只有9个公司有权力与外国人签合同，我的老板也就是大通银行行长大卫.洛克菲尔先生，他说：“不管哪个行业到中国去谈生意，珍妮（他喊我的昵称‘珍妮’）你总是知道应该去找哪个中国公司接头。”但是他不知道只有九个公司可以谈，我的老板认为我是如此聪明，但他没有意识到，在1978年，中美之间的贸易来往少得可怜。我管冀大使叫“老头子”。
冀：我们是1978年认识的吧？我叫她“小姑娘”，她是我的“小姑娘”。
甘维珍：你别说吧，我们相识于1979年新年伊始，那次冀大使在为薄一波副总理当翻译，而我是大通银行行长的翻译，20多年来我们的友谊与日俱增。我认识朱莉的时间不长，只有不到两年时间，但是我们之间的关系很亲密，我非常遗憾从来没有见到尼克松总统本人，但是中国有句俗话叫作“精神不死”，你父亲的精神将永不泯灭。
朱莉：谢谢你。
顾：张朝阳，你在中国这几年变成一个媒体红人了，你对中国的变化有什么感慨？
张朝阳：我过去二十多年的发展与中美关系有不可分割的联系。作为“文革”后的第一批，我1981年上大学，1986年到美国去，在麻省理工学院读博士学位，并且在那儿发现了互联网，我于1995年回到中国。我们这个搜狐公司不管从哪一个方面来说，都是一个纯粹的硅谷创业型公司，作为公司的高层管理人员，我们必须要签署合同。过去的30年，我们经历了几个时代的变化，现在我们和你们没有太大的不同，我们讲一样的语言，喝一样的咖啡，在北京到处可见星巴克咖啡店。这个世界变化太快了！
朱莉：你说得非常对，今天世界的变化真是不可思议。我想起了前上海市长说过的一句话，他前不久跟我的伯父说，在我一生中，有两件事情，是我以前做梦也不敢想像的：一件是人类登上月球，另一件就是美国总统踏上中国大陆。虽然两件事情都实现了，但第二件比第一件似乎更难。
章含之：刚才张朝阳先生讲的今天的中美关系和今天的中国跟那个时候可以说是天差地别，像我刚才说的，当时在中国根本没有一个媒体，我就想起一个笑话。当时没有真正的记者，记者就是一些干部，新华社的干部就叫记者。在杭州的那天晚上，《中美上海公报》最终在4点钟达成了协议，第二天早上，我们全体人员坐空军一号飞到上海，然后决定下午4点钟在锦江宾馆小礼堂举行一个breafing（新闻发布会）。当时美方提出来，中国当时的新闻都是外交部叫去告诉你怎么写。我们没有breafing这个词，我们就说吹风，一直到现在都叫吹风会，然后就通知中方的记者，通知上海新华社，我们说要开breafing，下午四点钟开吹风会，在锦江宾馆。后来有几个记者老不来，我们也不知道他们为什么迟到，反正他们迟到了。当天晚上，我去理发，理发室的理发师傅就问我：“你们下午干什么了？”我说：“下午开会”。他说：“记者怎么跑到我们这里来了？”他说：“你们告诉记者要吹风，他们就跑到我们理发室里来了。”还有一个故事，当年我们第一次去美国，实际上是去联合国，在1972年尼克松总统访华之前，我们之所以1971年进入联合国，实际上跟宣布尼克松总统访华密切相关。7月份基辛格秘密访华之后，双方同时宣布：尼克松总统将在适当的时候访问中国。一下子就把联合国的局面改变了，于是当年的11月份，通过了中国进入联合国的决议，当时我们自己都没有想到，于是我们就急急忙忙上阵，真是匆忙上阵，在尼克松总统访问之前，我们就急急忙忙去了美国。当时我们真的像到月球上去一样，也不知道会是什么样子，我想我们那批人大概是第一批的中国的公务签证，在这之前恐怕没有人用公务签证到过美国。结果我们到了美国以后，我们觉得去美国是一件特别特别不可思议的事情；而对美国人来说，我们这些“红色中国”来的人好像是从太空来的人一样。我们到了那里以后，在住的地方，人们把我们看得特别奇怪，相隔二十年的敌对之后，我们以为会看见一种比较敌对的情绪，我们都有思想准备，所以当时我们走的时候，给党表示决心的时候，都说“处处青山埋忠骨，何必马革裹尸还”，我们都是准备牺牲去的。我们感觉到我们就是一个突击队，到敌后去了，现在的人大概没法理解。现在我的一些美国朋友、中国朋友，他们来往北京和纽约，比我去颐和园还多，差不多两礼拜来一趟，有的甚至一个礼拜来一趟，我们走在大街上，你们现在能想像吗？中国人在美国被围观，我们的衣服一看就是“红色中国”来的，因为男的女的穿的都是一个样子，基本就是后面照片上的衣服。男的衣服和女的衣服除了领子有点不同，其它都一样。
顾：出去的时候没有把衣服改装一下？
章：那不可以的，衣服都是在红都服装店做的，都是一样的。红都服装店当时做这样一套衣服，要开介绍信，现在衣服卖不出去了，那个时候要开介绍信。有外交部的出国任务，才能做这么一套衣服，所以样式是一样的，颜色是一样的，料子也是一样的。我们出国的人员，不分男女老少级别，全是一样的。我们那时侯，每天下午举行一个记者招待会，发布当天中国代表团的活动，我是发言人的翻译，每天下午记者多得不得了，中国代表团要发布新闻，当时在联合国特别轰动。有一天记者招待会散会了，我们宣布今天的记者招待会结束，有一位女记者就过来了，说：“我可不可以提个特殊要求？”我说：“你说吧。”她说：“我可不可以摸一摸你的衣服。”我不知道她要干什么，我说：“可以呀。”她就摸了一下。第二天报上有一篇报道，说：“我昨天有机会摸了一下中国代表团官员的衣服，我发现虽然他们穿的都是一个样子的，但他们的料子都非常好，他们的料子是纯羊毛的。”我那套衣服在照片里有，当时美国人就搞不懂：中国人为什么穿的衣服都是一个颜色，都差不多颜色？后来有一个纽约时报的记者，自作聪明，他说：“我经过一番研究现在知道了，颜色代表他们的级别，他们的大使时穿什么颜色，他们一般工作人员穿什么颜色。”当时代表团团长乔冠华，他穿了一种颜色的衣服，当时给他开车的司机穿的跟他一样，第二天在报上有一张他的司机的大照片――《中国大使在联合国》。
顾：唐瑞德先生，中美破冰之旅之后，普通的美国人民得到了一些什么好处？
唐瑞德：我认为今天比历史上任何一个时候中美关系在世界和平中所起到的中心作用都更重要，这是有目共睹的事实。一天比一天更清楚的是：50年之后，中美关系仍然是十分重要的。我认为未来的五十年，这个世界将由中国人来造就，这是毫无疑问，不可代替的。作为美国人，我为能在今天结交了众多的中国朋友而高兴，我为我们今天所缅怀的那一代伟大领导人的智慧而骄傲，是他们带领我们两国人民走到了一起。50年之后，中美关系将是世界和平与进步的关键。
顾：朱莉，你同意吗？
朱：我同意，他说得很对，我十二分同意。我经常阅读记者和历史学家写的关于中国的文章，我了解到中国的迅速变化、国民生产总值的增长，进步一年比一年大。中国将站在人类时代的前沿。所以对于美国人来说，保持与中国的友好关系是十分重要的。
冀：在现今世界上要维护全球的和平、稳定、发展，一个关键性的关系，恐怕就是中美两国关系。
顾：高倩倩女士是甘维珍公司驻北京的首席代表。
高倩倩：我跟你一样，1972年，我年龄还比较小，我十二岁，比你大一点点，还不怎么懂事，所以我对当时的事情，没有太深的印象。但是我现在住在这儿，住在中国，在中国工作，就是因为有了尼克松访华。如果他不曾访问中国，我也就没有机会学习中文，也不会在中国过着这么愉快的日子。非常感谢！
顾：我们观众中间有向三位嘉宾提问的吗？
观众（外交学院学生）：首先非常荣幸能来到这里，我觉得今天有一个非常有意思的现象，就是美国朋友可以用中文跟我们交流，而我们也有能力用英文跟我们的美国朋友交流，我可不可以用英文跟嘉宾对话？我可以叫你朱莉吗？
朱：当然可以。请！
观众：我今天有幸见到了你本人，你看上去那么年轻，算起来你应该已经30岁以上了吧。我向你提三个问题：第一个是你怎么看待今天的中美关系；第二个是如果你像你父亲一样当选为美国总统的话，你的对华政策会怎样；第三个问题最重要，我希望你能直率地回答，那就是你喜欢中国饺子和北京烤鸭吗？
朱莉：这个问题最重要，你提的三个问题都很好。但是我要说： 我最想回答的是关于饺子和北京烤鸭的问题。我觉得美国人每周至少吃一顿中国餐，至少我们家是这样。你们的饮食文化是美国人民生活的一部分，但是在这里的中餐，与美国的中餐有些不同，这里的更好吃。谢谢！
顾：约翰•泰勒先生是尼克松先生生前非常亲近的朋友。
约翰•泰勒（美国尼克松图书馆馆长）：我非常有幸在尼克松总统卸任之后为他工作，他在1974年离开白宫时仍然是个年轻人，只有61岁。他在辞去总统职务的那天，就向美国人保证，他要继续为促进中美关系而努力。那时，中美关系还不很成熟，他所坚持的关于中美关系的三点原则，对改善中美关系做出了巨大贡献。我卸任之后六次访问中国，从1976年开始，刚才朱莉谈到过，到尼克松去世前的1993年、1978年到1979年期间，他倾注了大量的心血，在幕后协助卡特总统，筹备美中建交事宜。1981年里根总统上任，里根总统开始是属于美国共和党中怀疑美中友好是否有利于美国利益的那一部分人，是尼克松总统通过他的私人朋友黑格将军，强烈敦促里根总统到中国访问，亲身体验一下中美关系对于美国利益和全球安全的重要性。尤其是1989年，当中美关系出现了自1972年以来最大的危机时，他继续在幕后向美国领导人和中国领导人敦促，克服当时的困难，解决中美关系的危机是重要之重要。这不仅是解决眼前危机的问题，而是关系到两国长期利益的大局。尼克松终生都在不断为中美关系而尽力，从1965年他在纽约做的第一场关于强调中美之间应寻求共同点的报告开始，直到1994年他去世。当那架空军一号在朱莉和家人的伴陪下将尼克松总统的遗体运往加州之际，也就是在尼克松总统葬礼的那一天，在尼克松图书馆，时任美国总统克林顿与时任中国外交部长正在进行一场非常重要的会晤。即使在他的灵魂升天的那一刻，他仍在中美关系中扮演着重要的角色。谢谢！
顾：这位是齐白石的再传弟子，他准备了一幅画想送给你。
张士鹏（画家）：我叫张士鹏，我是齐白石的再传弟子，我给朱莉小姐带了一幅画，这幅画是齐白石先生的精品，画的是虾，我希望您喜欢。
朱莉：太美了！谢谢！
丁杏芬：我是丁杏芬，原来在中共中央联络部非洲局工作，后来到国家审计署。冀朝铸大使，在天安门城楼上毛主席接见我陪同的南非共产党访问团时，有幸见到冀大使，我非常佩服他的为人和高水平的翻译。章含之女士是我的校友，不知道你还记得我吗？北外学友，你比我高两班，我们在一个楼里住了四年。我们在一起接待过菲律宾的马科思总统夫妇，非洲莫桑比克的桑莫拉总统，还有泰国总理柯利，当时我们都在钓鱼台住，不晓得你对我还有印象没有？我非常佩服你，是一位又漂亮又有天才的女士。
章含之：前不久我写了一篇文章，基本上也是讲这一段经历的，我给它起了题目，现在我有点后悔，题目叫“昨日旧事残梦”。今天坐在这里，好像过去的事情又历历在目，所以说旧事不旧，残梦不残，而且这个梦延续到今天成为现实。三十年前，这次改变世界的七日，我和小冀还有很多同事有幸参加，作为历史的见证人，如果说那是历史上精彩的一幕，那么我想：它也创造了我们精彩人生的一幕。
冀朝铸：我和章含之同志是几十年的老友了，30多年， 同甘苦、共患难。在这30年中，中国经过了翻天覆地的变化，也证明了现在的领导人确确实实非常有眼光，看出世界，也看出我们中国是如何发展的。这让我们对我们的前途更加充满了希望，最后再次感谢我们的主持人，召开这么好的聚会，谢谢大家！
朱莉：谢谢主持人，让我们大家在这个场合汇聚一堂，今天在场的那么多人，每个人都对那段历史做出了贡献，我深受感动。你向我再现了1972年时穿的衣服，她向我讲述了对我父亲的精心照顾，是你们赋予了这次展览生命力，使那些原本已沉寂了30年的遗物，变得活灵活现，谢谢你！使我们大家在三十年之后相会，不管是坐在台下、还是在台上的，我都感谢你们让我成为你们其中的一员，我永远也不会忘记今天。
顾：我们大家也感谢三位嘉宾今天来到我们观众当中。谢谢你们！我们今天在中国历史博物馆缅怀过去，展望未来，我们希望中美两国的友谊万古长青！再见。
（下集完）
来源：人民网 2003年1月15日
(2)CNN 电视节目对话
CNN LARRY KING LIVE
(http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0301/01/lkl.00.html)
Larry King Live: Interview With Julie Nixon Eisenhower
Aired January 1, 2003 - 21:00 ET
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
RICHARD M. NIXON, FORMER PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: We have come along way to be here today, 16,000 miles. And many things have occurred on this trip have made me realize it was worth coming.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
LARRY KING, HOST: Tonight former President Nixon's daughter Julie Nixon Eisenhower in a rare indepth interview about her fathers legacy. And she has brought some never before seen footage of her dad too.
Julie Nixon Eisenhower for the hour next on LARRY KING LIVE.
Happy New Year. And it's a great pleasure -- what a way to kick off the year, with one of our old friends and a dear lady, Julie Nixon Eisenhower, Richard and Pat Nixon's younger daughter, married to David Eisenhower. That's a kind of familiar name in America, grandson of president Dwight David Eisenhower.
She is an author, a public speaker, mother of three. Gave us a guided tour of her father's brilliant library, down south of here in California.
It's always a great pleasure, and lots of things to talk about tonight, including China.
But first -- we must deal with first things first. What was the -- what was that thing, you and your sister? Clear it up for us.
JULIE NIXON EISENHOWER, DAUGHTER OF FORMER PRESIDENT RICHARD M. NIXON: Well, Larry, we had a disagreement and I think that when you're in the public eye, whenever you have any little minor or even a more significant disagreement, sometimes it can be blown out of proportion.
KING: Was that blown out of proportion?
EISENHOWER: It really was. It's completely resolved. I was with Tricia three days ago in Philadelphia. She's going to be joining me in a few days in Yorba Linda to open this new China exhibit at the Nixon Library. And I'm just so glad it's behind us. We have...
KING: What is the position on... EISENHOWER: Sometimes brothers and sisters don't agree and that's it.
KING: What a shock that is. Well, what is the position of each sister at the library? What's your -- each role?
EISENHOWER: Well, we're both on the board and sort of stalwarts in getting programming, good programming, going. And bringing speakers -- and you spoke; you were fantastic.
KING: Thank you.
EISENHOWER: You were very funny, very funny. About a year ago.
And we help think of exhibit ideas and just, you know...
KING: Was it philosophical? Different...
EISENHOWER: The differences? You know, I really don't even want to go into it, just to say that...
KING: You don't have to.
EISENHOWER: ... it's all -- it's done and -- There is one thing, though, that I think is -- would be helpful to explain. When you have a parent who's president, your parent belongs to history. But it's still your dad, and you have very strong feelings about how you remember him or how you want him remembered.
And lots of times, the family may not agree, and I -- to give you an example, Senator Inouye, who is from Hawaii, was on the Roosevelt Presidential Commission, and he was -- his job was to help design a tribute to the president from the nation. And it took 40 years.
KING: Forty years.
EISENHOWER: And just because the family couldn't agree.
KING: There was a real argument as to whether to put it in a wheelchair.
EISENHOWER: Right. And 20 years ago, one side of the family had it all laid out, it was going to be this memorial. And another faction in the family said they didn't like it, and so it took another 20 years.
So sometimes you could be very close in a family, you could have a difference of opinion, and I want to say it's done, it's over and...
KING: Do you equally operate the library? Is that your role? I mean, there's a director...
EISENHOWER: The director, John Taylor, obviously.
KING: This is not a federal library, by the way. This should be understood, right? This is not taxed for this (ph). EISENHOWER: There are 10 presidential libraries, and we're the eleventh. And because of the way my father left office, with the resignation, Congress seized his papers and tapes and so they run the presidential materials in Washington, and we run Yorba Linda, the post-presidential, his nine books and six trips to China, all that.
And the Senate has the vice presidential years. We have all those documents.
The good news is that I just was with Gerry Ford, who is now 89. I don't know if he's been on the show recently, but he is...
KING: Recently....
EISENHOWER: He's amazing -- total -- He's just so with it. And he's such a decent and wonderful human being. And he -- my dad and he were very good friends. They started out in Congress together.
And he told me he's going to make it one of the last goals of his life to bring the Nixon Library into the federal system. Not because we need the money and have to have it, because we're doing fine. We've been very entrepreneurial. We don't receive the $2 million a year the other libraries do. But because my father shouldn't be outside the system.
KING: And if he's in the system, then the papers will go to the library, won't they?
EISENHOWER: Right. And then when researchers look at the life of Richard Nixon, they'll start right there in the little house he was born in and they can go through all of the papers, right on the same -- at the same place, as they do in other presidential libraries.
KING: When the argument was going on, or the disagreement was going on, was it difficult to have it reported in the press? Was that hard for you? I mean...
EISENHOWER: I think it's one of the worse things I've ever gone through in my life.
KING: Really?
EISENHOWER: Because my sister and I have always been so close, and...
KING: And he loved you both.
EISENHOWER: Absolutely. He was the best father in the world. He and my mother were just the most wonderful parents, and so all I can say is that we've both come to our senses. We're back.
KING: Did you give a little, each?
EISENHOWER: We certainly did. We did, and that's part of life.
KING: One of the toughest parts in families, when there is a disagreement, there's usually -- where you don't speak for awhile, having observed these.
EISENHOWER: Right.
KING: And when you don't speak for awhile, those are the toughest times. Because sisters are joined at the hip, aren't they?
EISENHOWER: They are. And we had -- it certainly was exaggerated that we didn't speak for years, but we were not as close as we had been. But we're now back working together, and everything's fine.
KING: Who runs the library?
EISENHOWER: We have a board of directors, which my sister and I sit on, and a dynamic man named John Taylor who was my dad's personal aide for 10 years before his death.
KING: Nice guy.
EISENHOWER: Yes. So he's -- he's the one who's kind of in charge.
KING: Now did the late Beazy Ribosa (ph), did he leave money for the library?
EISENHOWER: He did. Beazy (ph) was...
KING: I knew Beazy (ph) very well.
EISENHOWER: You knew Beazy (ph), and...
KING: Beazy (ph) introduced me to your father.
EISENHOWER: The wonderful thing about Beazy (ph) was that he -- he was a humanitarian. He left half his money to the Boys and Girls Club of Miami and half to the Nixon Library.
And the neat thing about that is that Beazy (ph) was on the Boys Club of Miami board from the 1930s, and during the Depression some weeks, the club could not meet its payroll. And Beazy (ph) would just quietly meet the payroll. And he just loved helping those young kids.
And so, when he died, he gave half his money to the library and half to the Boys Club.
KING: And then he set certain stipulations about the library. Was that...
EISENHOWER: Can we not get into that?
KING: I'm sorry. I just want to know...
EISENHOWER: Things are complicated. The board...
KING: How was it resolved? EISENHOWER: It's just resolved that the money is now at the library, and my sister and I are both happy with the way it's going to be spent and invested.
KING: When it finally was ironed out, what was the conversation like when you -- it was settled? You know, were you together, was it on the phone?
EISENHOWER: We were together. Actually, we went up to my room. We were in Miami at a mediation. We went up to my room, we took our shoes off and we both lay down on the bed.
KING: And that was settled?
EISENHOWER: Yes. And we just had a wonderful talk, and I think we both looked at each other and said, "How did this ever get to this path?" And that was it.
KING: If your father were living, he would have said, now, they're -- even my daughters they're after, right?
Nixon and the press had a remarkable intertwining, had they not?
EISENHOWER: They have. They...
KING: Love/hate. Mostly hate, lot of love. Sometimes a gross amount of hate.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: I want you to know -- just how much your are going to missing. You don't have Nixon to kick around any more.
DAN RATHER, CBS NEWS: Dan Rather with CBS News.
NIXON: Will you be running for something?
RATHER: No, sir. Mr. President are you?
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
EISENHOWER: He seems to have been kind of at the center of a lot of passions, particularly the Vietnam War. To be president during Vietnam, that was...
KING: And every time you've described him to us, you describe him as loving, caring, intimate, friendly, very affectionate. Something -- was that something he didn't show us, didn't want to show us?
EISENHOWER: I think he showed it. I mean, he's the only man in history other than Roosevelt to be elected five times. And he was good with people. Maybe he was stiff, a little stiff as far as body language, but out on the stump and the way he could talk to people directly. He remembers names; that's something I can't do.
KING: He was a great one-on-one interview.
EISENHOWER: He was fantastic, yes. And he loved coming on your show. He enjoyed it.
KING: One of the last things he did for -- was book an appearance.
EISENHOWER: Right.
KING: I saw it on a calendar at the library. He wrote LARRY KING LIVE for a certain date.
EISENHOWER: And we have that out there at the library.
KING: When he had that -- the final cause of death was a stroke?
EISENHOWER: Was a stroke, right. He -- but the great thing about his life, he went out just like Gerald Ford, peak of his intelligence. No slowing down.
KING: No, he had wit.
EISENHOWER: He was fun to be with. He was following everything, and the presidents after he left office were good in the sense that they consulted with him, some a little more than others. But it made him feel useful, traveling. You know, he went to China six times.
KING: Russia.
EISENHOWER: Russia.
KING: Got friendly with Governor Cuomo.
EISENHOWER: That was a story. That was a good one. Right, right.
KING: A solid friendship, yes.
Were you with him, at his death?
EISENHOWER: Yes, my sister and I were both there, and it was very peaceful. And he was fighting to the end, and he couldn't speak but, you know, he was squeezing my hand. At the very end, he gave me his thumbs-up.
KING: Really?
EISENHOWER: Yes.
KING: Lots to talk about with Julie Nixon Eisenhower. We're going to talk about Beijing and the Eisenhowers and the Nixons. Don't go away.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
KING: I remember when Adlai Stevenson in 1956, in that campaign, called for recognition of Red China and I think you lambasted him. That was pinko and he was way off in left field. And then few years later who opens the doors but Richard Nixon.
Were those two Nixons?
NIXON: No, those were two different China's. Adlai Stevenson was wrong in 1956. That would have been the wrong time to recognize China, because China at that time was in an aggressive stage. It was trying to export communism all over Southeast Asia and into Africa. Competing with the Soviet Union, as matter of fact, in that respect, as it finally turned out. At the time that I went to China, China had finally turned inwards. It no longer posed a threat to us externally.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
UNIDENTIFIED MALE (through translator): (UNINTELLIGIBLE) that 10 years age that he climbed up to that top.
NIXON: Well, he did? Well, lets go today.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE (through translator): I can't do it now. I do not agree.
NIXON: Neither can I.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
KING: Tell me about what's going on with Beijing.
EISENHOWER: Well, this -- 2002 was the 30th anniversary of my father's historic trip, and so the library did a terrific exhibit of the history of the trip. And we opened it in Beijing, Tiananmen Square, at the Museum of Natural -- the Museum of Chinese History.
Then it went to Shanghai, Shanghai Library.
KING: Were you there for those things?
EISENHOWER: Yes. And then on January 9, it comes to Yorba Linda.
And what's fascinating about the exhibits are the documents, particularly. For example, there are exchanges between my father and J. Edgar Hoover where my father said, "We can't let Red China into the U.N."
And then you see his changing thinking. In 1965, he tells a business group, "China's going to be the most important industrial nation in the future. Do we want to make peace with them now? Or do we want to wait for 25 years and try to deal with them?"
KING: Before he was president? EISENHOWER: That's right.
And then in '67, he -- there was a famous quote from this article in "Foreign Affairs," where he said, "It would be a disastrous foreign policy to leave one billion of the world's ablest people outside of the family of nations."
KING: Well, he has a reputation as a staunch conservative, but he was, in fact, a pragmatic moderate, wasn't he? I mean, if you look...
EISENHOWER: Yes, yes.
KING: ... at his judicial appointments, the opening to China.
EISENHOWER: He was.
KING: How was it received within China?
EISENHOWER: We were thrilled with the reception in China. President Jiang Zemin sent a videotaped message, and George W. Bush, with all he had going on, he was very gracious. He also sent a message.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
GEORGE W. BUSH, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: When Air Force One arrived in China on February 21, 1972, it was an end of a long flight and a beginning of a new journey.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
EISENHOWER: And of course the Chinese played that on nation telivision. And not only -- we had a marvelous film made by the Reader's Digest Foundation about the trip 30 years ago, the scene in Beijing. You know, today in Beijing, the streets are 10 lanes of traffic. When I was there, shortly after my father's trip, there were maybe just a few military vehicles, a couple Jeeps, really no cars. People were on bicycles.
The changes are so dramatic.
KING: We should tell our viewers that may be on the young side how historic that trip was. You know, people forget. China was a hated word in America.
EISENHOWER: It was. And the Chinese were -- had been so isolated. For 25 years, they were just cut off from the rest of the world. And of course, today China's growth -- economic growth is an 8 percent rate...
KING: I do recall having Kissinger go there, advance trips. And this all-seeing, all-knowing press not seeing and not knowing.
EISENHOWER: They had an elaborate scheme where they were working to Pakistan behind the scenes. And, of course, the most famous trip was when Kissinger went to Pakistan on business, supposed business. He got the stomach flu, right? Not really. And they snuck him out of Pakistan to Beijing for these secret meetings.
But see, even Mao couldn't let his people know these meetings were going on, because he was dealing with the radicals, the Red Guard.
KING: Who would have assasinated him.
EISENHOWER: Who, that year, in 1971, that the announcement that my father would go to China were calling a gangster with blood dripping from his sores. Those were the typical words used to describe the American president.
In fact, my uncle was in China last year, and he spoke with a former mayor -- the former mayor of Shanghai. And he said, "There were two things in my life I thought I'd never see. Man landing on the moon and an American president in China. And of the two, the second was the more difficult."
KING: And he pulled it off during the Vietnam fracas.
EISENHOWER: During Vietnam, when everyone said, "Well, China is supporting North Vietnam. They don't want to talk to America."
And it was sort of just this Washington-think thinking, old-time thinking that China and Russia were joined at the hip, this monolithic Communist block.
KING: Well, that used to be...
EISENHOWER: Whereas my father realized that there were two entities there; they could be broken apart.
KING: Play one against the other one.
EISENHOWER: And what was fascinating was that three days after the announcement that he would go to -- my father would go to Beijing, the Soviets agreed to come to the table for SALT, the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. So it got them off the center.
KING: Well, when your father was planning all this, you were where? You were how old?
EISENHOWER: I was 22, and I wasn't exactly in on all the know, but I was in the White House a lot for all the exciting things that were happening.
KING: You were there when he announced it? I remember that day.
EISENHOWER: No, I watched it on television. I think it was a three-minute announcement.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: Knowing of President Nixon's express desire to visit the People's Republic of China. (UNINTELLIGIBLE) on behave of the government of the People's Republic of China has extended an invitation to President Nixon to visit China, at an appropriate date before May 1972.
President Nixon has accepted the invitation with pleasure.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
KING: That's all it was?
EISENHOWER: Yes. Three minutes.
KING: Nine o'clock, prior to...
EISENHOWER: You remember that?
KING: Yes. No advance warning. In fact, there were no warnings as to what he was going to say.
EISENHOWER: Yes.
KING: Now you always get an advanced summary.
EISENHOWER: That's right. Yes.
KING: The president will speak tonight at 9. He's going to fight for the food bill.
EISENHOWER: Exactly.
KING: I am going to China, and end of story. People were -- I mean, the stories were incredible.
EISENHOWER: That's right, it was -- and the vying among the press corps to get on that trip was amazing. In fact, in this old film that we show in -- along with the exhibit, there's Barbara Walters looking very different.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
QUESTION: Do you have any plans to other things you might be doing this week.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Well, I hope to do a great many things. And we are planning them as we go along. I am going to go to the children's hospital and to see some of the sites of the city. Also the glass factory to a commune tomorrow. So it's going to be a very exciting week.
QUESTION: With the night time activities you don't have much time to sleep.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I don't want to sleep when I am on a trip as fascinating as this.
QUESTION: (OFF-MIKE) ... 30 years ago not that you didn't want the traffic, but just the different styles of the hair and all. Right there will my mother at the commune and with the pigs and all the things...
(END VIDEO CLIP)
KING: On January 9, next week, Julie and Tricia will be on hand for the opening of this "Journey to Peace" exhibit. January 9 is the 90th anniversary of Richard Nixon's birth. He'd have been 90 years old this January 9.
Now, a film narrated by Julie will feature never before seen footage of the Nixon trip. What are we going to see in that film?
EISENHOWER: Well, you're going to see my father walking through the plane and joking with people on the way over. And there's this one shot of the pilot saying, "Shanghai, Shanghai. Come in, this is Air Force One."
You know, in a sense it was this journey to the unknown. No one -- so few Westerners had been in the -- in China in the last 20 -- the 25 previous years that it was this idea that they were going to uncharted territory. There was really a lot of unknowns about the trip.
KING: We'll be right back with Julie Nixon Eisenhower. This -- How long will the exhibit be at the Nixon Library?
EISENHOWER: I think six months.
KING: We'll be back with more right after this. Don't go away.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: And one stand there and see the Wall going to the heap of this mountain and realizes it runs for hundreds of miles, as matter of fact, thousands of miles over the mountains and though the valleys of this country. That it was built over 2,000 years ago. I think that you have to conclude that this is a great wall and it had to be built by a great people. It is certainly a symbol of what China in the past has been and what China in the future can become. A people that could build a wall like this certainly a great past to be proud of. And a people that have this kind of a past must also have a great future.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: Dr. Kissinger complains. He says he doesn't get enough to eat.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: There was a two hour period this afternoon that you didn't feed me.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I gave you peanuts.
(END VIDEO CLIP) KING: This exhibit, which opens on Jan. 9, you'll see original documents and rare photos and life-sized statues of Nixon and Zhou Enlai at the moment of their first hand shake at the airport.
EISENHOWER: That's right. My father was absolutely determined to erase the bad feelings from 1954 when John Foster Dulles refused to shake Enlai's hand at the Geneva summit.
And so, if you look at the film, even before his feet touched Chinese soil, he had his hand out. He was going to -- and Zhou Enlai's words, in fact I met with his interpreter on my last visit to China, and he was standing right next to Zhou Enlai, and he said -- I said, "What did the two men say?" And this interpreter said, "The premiere said, 'Your handshake comes across the vastest ocean, 25 years of no communication.'"
And another interpreter told me a very interesting story. Nancy Peng. Do you remember Nancy from the trip? She had the little Dutch boy hairdo? And she was Mao's interpreter. Well, she said that Mao was very ill the day my father arrived in Beijing. And he had a high fever, but he knew that if he didn't meet with the president, all the press would say, you know, they'd read so much into it. That this trip wouldn't fail, that there's no communique. And so Mao was kind of propped up and he was able to meet with my father.
Now, at the time my father didn't know that Mao was sick. All he knew was that Zhou Enlai kept looking at his watch and sort of hinting, don't stay too long. And so he thought, well, Mao's tired. But instead, he was really very ill.
KING: Your father told me that he rather liked Zhou Enlai.
EISENHOWER: He was a brilliant man. My mother liked him very much, too. He was -- He was just an extraordinary thinker and I think that when they talked to him, you couldn't help but feel you were in the presence of a man who really knew the world and...
KING: Would that trip have to be called a resounding success, based on world events? It would have to be, wouldn't it?
EISENHOWER: There's a wonderful quote from Pearl Buck, the great -- well, the writer, the novelist and Nobel Laureate. And she said, "When the history of the 20th Century is written, there will be one sentence about the United States. Nixon went to China." I mean, that's how important she thought the trip was. It was a very important trip. It did change things.
KING: When was the first time you went?
EISENHOWER: My first trip was in New Year's -- I spent New Year's Eve with Mao. Yes, I did. David and I did.
KING: Does the National Enquirer know of this?
EISENHOWER: They certainly do. We were guests of the Chinese government, and we'd been in China a couple days, and we went to a banquet. And we went back up to our room, and all of a sudden there was a knock on the door. I'd actually -- I had my nightgown on. I was getting ready for bed. And this very excited official said, "Oh, Chairman Mao wants to see you."
So I pulled on the fastest thing I could get. It was a dress that was sort of a jersey that you just put over your head; it had no buttons. Because it seemed rather urgent. So we rushed downstairs. I had this dress on, this jersey.
And we went to the Forbidden City and the Chinese government had all these lights trained on the car. As you drove in, they had these bright lights. And we went in, and to meet with Mao, we passed through a room with a darkened room with a ping-pong table in it. Interesting.
Then into his study, which was just crammed with books and scrolls. And we spent over an hour with Chairman Mao. And I handed him a letter that my father had sent, a hand written letter. And it was an amazing New Year's Eve.
KING: You sent a part of history, from your father to the Chairman. And what was that like for you?
EISENHOWER: It was...
KING: The ping-pong table must have symbolized that they were the best in the world.
EISENHOWER: That's right.
It was just one of those moments where it's -- you have a name and it's something you could never do otherwise, and we were very much aware that...
KING: What was he like?
EISENHOWER: Mao was -- he was big -- he'd had several strokes and that was obvious.
It was -- he had three interpreters, three young women, all attractive. One was Nancy Peng, again the Brooklyn-born and educated -- American educated interpreter. And the chairman would say something, and the three interpreters had notebooks. They'd write it down. And then they would consult. Because when you have a stroke, your speech is garbled. And then they would say in English what they thought the Chairman had said.
And if they were wrong -- he really, he understood English. He would correct them. No, no, no, no. Or whatever the Chinese word is for no. And then they would re-consult and say it correctly.
So he was on top of things, even though he died a couple months later. In fact, we were the second to last Americans to see Mao. My father was the last American to meet with the Chairman Mao. KING: What did your father say to you when you got back?
EISENHOWER: From the first trip?
KING: Yes.
EISENHOWER: He was in a rather happy mood, and we had a family dinner. We said we're celebrating my sister's birthday, because her birthday is Feb. 21, the day my father arrived in China. So had a sort of a late birthday celebration.
And my father had brought back these bottles of Mao tai (ph).
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: Tonight I will (UNINTELLIGIBLE) for Mao Tai.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
EISENHOWER: Do you know what that stuff is? It's 100 percent proof, or 99 or something...
KING: Watch out.
EISENHOWER: Completely. And so they're in these white bottles and so he has this bottle of Mao Tai (ph) at the table, and he says, "I want to show you girls how strong this stuff is." And he poured some into a saucer. Then he gets some matches. He throws the match. We had a little mini-fire on the dining room table. My mother was not a happy camper. You know, the flames were going up. He wanted to show his daughters about the Mao Tai (ph).
KING: What's China's view of your father?
EISENHOWER: He is considered an old friend. That's the word they use for him, and...
KING: Really?
EISENHOWER: ... his name is known in China everywhere. The...
KING: His picture is known?
EISENHOWER: His picture is known. And he's respected; he's respected very highly, because the Chinese came into the modern world as a result of his trip.
KING: I wonder if they named anything after him?
EISENHOWER: I doubt it. I don't think so. I don't think so. But they certainly were happy to have the exhibit, which was wonderful. In Tiananmen Square, right next to Mao's tomb.
KING: Was it well attended?
EISENHOWER: I think it was well attended, and in connection with it, we had three hours of television who people who were actually involved in the original trip from '72, including this woman who served my parents in the guest house. And she said that she taught my father to use chopsticks, so I asked her on the national -- on their national television show, I said, "Well, how did he do?"
And she said, "Oh, well, he improved." In other words, I think he was a little clumsy with the chopsticks, which was very diplomatic, "he improved."
KING: This exhibit opens on the 9th.
EISENHOWER: On the 9th.
KING: It's for six months.
EISENHOWER: Right.
KING: Public invited, of course. The Nixon Library.
We'll take a break. When we come back lots more to talk about with Julie Nixon Eisenhower as we enter 2003. One of the historic beginnings will be this exhibit as the Nixon Library.
I am Larry King with Julie Eisenhower. Don't go away we will be right back.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: I want to express my appreciation to my Chinese voice. To Mrs. Chung. I listen to her translation. She got every word right.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
KING: We're back with Julie Nixon Eisenhower. What are your memories of the holiday season at the White House?
EISENHOWER: Lots of happy memories. The one holiday that stands out the most was 1971. Do you remember what happened sports-wise in '71. Football? Ring any bells?
KING: Well, let's see. Miami Dolphins.
EISENHOWER: No, I wasn't thinking of that. I wouldn't know that.
But the NFL had a Christmas Day game that -- they almost never do games on Christmas.
KING: That's right.
EISENHOWER: This was a huge shock.
KING: Wait a minute. Come on. It was the night the Dolphins played.
EISENHOWER: Well, anyway...
KING: We played Kansas City and we beat them in overtime, two overtimes, Garrot (ph) kicked the field goal. Zanka ran for 90 yards. I remember it.
EISENHOWER: And suddenly, when this was unheard of...
KING: Other than that, I don't remember it. That's right. It was Christmas Day.
EISENHOWER: All right.
Well, Mamie Eisenhower was our guest, and Tricia's family, or the Cox family, were there, and the Eisenhower family. Well, Mamie, you could imagine. This was sacrilege. All the guys want to leave this wonderful, warm family gathering and go down and watch NFL football. I mean, this was a real, you know, fire point, testing moment in the family.
KING: What did you father do?
EISENHOWER: Well, what he did is, of course they watched the football, as you can imagine. But he tried to be very lighthearted and so he said to his, to the men guests like David's father John and Howard Cox, Tricia's father-in-law, "Well, let's get comfortable for the game." So he goes in his closet and he comes out with the worst looking smoking jackets that had been given to him. One had blue elephants on it.
And of course, you hand it to your guests, my father-in-law, and he's, "Here, John, why don't you put this on and be comfortable." So he's decked out in blue elephants. My father was wearing a velvet smoking jacket and I think Howard Cox was with a more conservative maroon. But that was the scene at the White House.
And I remember that Christmas, also, because we thought my father needed to be teased a bit, so we had been watching commercials. And that was the year that blow dryers for men came in. Of course, you know my dad used Bryl Creem, or whatever it is.
KING: Yes, I know.
EISENHOWER: And Ronald Reagan.
KING: Little dab will do.
EISENHOWER: A little dab will do you. So we gave my father a blow dryer for Christmas. Of course, he opened it and didn't know what it was. We explained.
And we also gave him a recording of Jingle Bells barked by dogs, because...
KING: That was a big hit that year. EISENHOWER: It was. Woof, woof, woof.
KING: I remember that.
(CROSSTALK)
KING: I love that song.
EISENHOWER: Exactly. Well, that's what we did that year.
KING: Did he like that record?
EISENHOWER: He loved it. He was a dog lover, and we were kind of teasing him.
KING: By the way, that was imminent before going to China.
EISENHOWER: Yes, that was the Christmas before that.
KING: He went in February.
EISENHOWER: That's right. So it was two months away.
KING: Two months away. He knew something was coming.
EISENHOWER: Well, he made the announcement in July. So we all knew he was going.
KING: He was getting ready to go?
EISENHOWER: And so he needed a blow dryer in China, right?
KING: Did it work when you plugged it in?
Did you like life in the White House or not? Some kids hated it.
EISENHOWER: It was an experience I'll never -- could never have again. And every day was incredible. You woke up and you couldn't believe that the mirror in the family elevator had belonged to George Washington. And you got sort of chills every time you walked into the Lincoln Bedroom and saw the bed that Mary Todd Lincoln got for her husband.
It's an incredible place of history, but it's not an easy place to live. When it came to the end, I certainly never looked back. You know, I don't think you miss it, ever. Particularly because you're guarded by Secret Service.
KING: Elliot Roosevelt told me once that, given the choice, he'd rather not have been a part of it, as a son. How did -- what about the media scrutiny? How did you deal with that?
EISENHOWER: You just...
KING: They always want to know about the Nixon girls.
EISENHOWER: They want to know about everything.
KING: Who could forget your sister's wedding?
EISENHOWER: I hope you don't forget, because you can get married at the Nixon Library under her gazebo. So please, don't forget.
KING: That's right. You have the gazebo at the library.
EISENHOWER: One thing that's positive, and I have to compliment the press, they are giving -- they gave Chelsea Clinton and they're giving the Bush daughters a lot more privacy. It's sort of the Prince William model that's being used in England, where after Diana died, the queen said, "Please, let these boys, at least until they reach the majority, have some privacy."
And the American press is doing that with the Bush twins and...
KING: We'll be back with our remain moments with Julie Nixon Eisenhower. Don't forget the exhibit, the wonderful exhibit, at the Nixon Library in (UNINTELLIGIBLE) on January 9. We'll be right back.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: Some point. I don't think we.
(CROSSTALK)
NIXON: They will be very unimpressed.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: As you know, I will soon be visiting the peoples Republic of China and the Soviet Union. I go there with no illusions, we have great differences with both powers. We will continue to have great differences. But peace depends on the abilities of great powers to live together on the same planet despite there differences. We would not be true to our obligations to generations yet unborn if we failed to seized the moment on our part to insure, that we will be able to talk about those differences rather then fight about them in future.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
KING: How do you think your father's going to be remembered? Historians told a story, as your father said to me once, they'll tell the story.
EISENHOWER: I don't know how he will be remembered, but I do know that the presidency was significant. It was -- it was the beginning, you know, laying the groundwork for the end of the Cold War, ending Vietnam, Environmental Protection Agency, all those things. It was a significant time in our nation's history. Desegregation of the Southern schools. When he came into office, 80 percent were all-black; when he left, 20 percent.
Lots of things were happening. So he'll be judged on many things.
KING: Was there ever a kidnapping attempt?
EISENHOWER: Yes, there were death threats and...
KING: I assumed that but didn't know.
EISENHOWER: Yes, and also don't you remember the blind sheikh in New York? In 1993.
KING: He had a plan to kidnap your father?
EISENHOWER: And Kissinger. That was all -- that all came out during the trial.
KING: If you had those two in the same room for a month, you'd give them back in a week. Right?
EISENHOWER: No comment, no comment.
KING: They'd drive you nuts. Come on. They'd drive you nuts together, right?
EISENHOWER: They would both be giving several theories on the world.
KING: You take that seriously?
EISENHOWER: Do I take death threats...?
KING: The kidnapping.
EISENHOWER: I think people in public office have to be careful, but I hope also that our president isn't kept away from the people. Because I hope we never get to the point where you can't interact freely.
KING: We've hidden the vice president at five different times.
EISENHOWER: Well, that's different because -- that's all right to do because he's the more ceremonial job and that's prudent. He's still out with people, but at certain moments of terror or danger, I guess, it's fine.
But for the president himself, he has to remain with the people. That's an important line President Bush is walking.
KING: How do you think he would deal with this war on terrorism?
EISENHOWER: I have no idea how he would... KING: No surmise?
EISENHOWER: Just that -- it seems that we're -- I think the encouraging thing about the war on terrorism happened within the first month of 9/11. Apparently, 2,000 important operatives were rounded up are now are in Guantanamo Bay.
KING: Still there.
EISENHOWER: I think that's very significant. We don't focus enough on that. We can't be complacent, but to have gotten that many rounded up, I think it decimated the networks. And so hopefully, with all the new intelligence, we can keep it under control.
KING: It hasn't become yesterday's news, though, hasn't it?
EISENHOWER: What?
KING: Guantanamo is, like, forgotten. I mean, it's not covered much.
EISENHOWER: No. And that is not to say there are not threats out there, but that was a great feat of American intelligence, to get those people.
KING: What are your fears, thoughts, wishes, desires about Iraq?
EISENHOWER: Just that any action that we take, it goes as smoothly as it did in the first Gulf War. That was a text book case of air power. I think we only lost 100 people, and some to friendly fire. It was contained. Americans' military expertise in the air is just incredible.
Apparently, Larry, I was talking to a general who -- an Air Force general who explained that in the 10 years since the last war, we can -- we don't even have to be worried with weather. We now have the technology to do anything we want, any time. Before we were hampered when the weather was poor, but apparently now the precision bombing is even more accurate, and weather's less of a factor. So...
KING: You've been overseas, and what -- lately there are stories that feelings toward America have never been worse, in almost friendly places, Canada and Australia.
EISENHOWER: Right. Our son just spent a semester in Australia, and one night he called me and he said, "Mom, why do -- I can't -- I've just been stunned by the amount of talk I hear of not liking Americans."
The -- we're going through a period where that happens, and I think it's periodic. It's -- certainly during Vietnam we had, you know, a lot of our allies, our erstwhile allies, didn't want to support America.
That happens when you have a powerful country.
KING: Do you think it's because we're the only superpower?
EISENHOWER: Well...
KING: Yet the only...
EISENHOWER: You know as well as I do, sure, that's...
KING: And when you're the only, you're a monopoly.
EISENHOWER: That's right.
KING: Nobody likes them.
EISENHOWER: And really, that's why Colin Powell has done such a miracle job at the U.N., to turn that 15 votes, now, for America. I think that's very significant.
KING: That's -- your father was spat upon, was he not and nearly attacked in where, Venezuela?
EISENHOWER: In Venezuela, in -- when he was there in '58. He was almost killed. His car was rocked; all the windows were broken on it but one. They had baseball bats and clubs, and he was almost killed then.
So there's always an anti-American feeling. There will be as long as we are the superpower.
KING: Your father gave up Secret Service protection, right?
EISENHOWER: He did. I think he -- he just felt he didn't need it. So he gave it up in 1984, '85. I think. Yes, '85.
KING: He had his own? He had his own?
EISENHOWER: He hired off-duty New Jersey, or New York -- and just for when he traveled. But, like, when he'd come to visit us he was completely alone. He'd go into the grocery store with me, restaurants.
And Larry, what's wonderful about him is he never had an incident. You know, he'd go in to walk the streets of New York. And in eight years, he never had anybody walk up to him and say, "Hey, I didn't like what you did here or there."
KING: Like the ballgames?
EISENHOWER: Oh, he did.
KING: And stayed through the ninth inning?
EISENHOWER: He certainly did, yes.
KING: He was a true baseball fanatic.
EISENHOWER: Oh, he loved it. In fact, one of the things we sent to China for this Nixon Library exhibit was a transistor radio, and the label on it says, "President Nixon was a big sports fan. And he listened to games on this radio."
So Larry, they were thinking of you.
KING: He always told me, "I stayed till the ninth inning."
EISENHOWER: That's right.
KING: Kept score.
EISENHOWER: Yes.
KING: We'll be back with more of Julie Nixon Eisenhower. Happy New Year. Don't go away.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Twelve before eight.
NIXON: Twelve before eight. Your that close 12 minutes before eight.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I am shocked.
NIXON: That's a chief protocol always by the minute. You run things so well so.
All of you people are just, well. Everything is (UNINTELLIGIBLE) well organized and on time and we appreciate it very much. We hope we are not much trouble to you.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: Our two peoples tonight hold the future of the world in our hands. If we can find the common ground on which we can both stand where we can build the bridge between us and build a new world. Generations in the years ahead will look back and thanks for this meeting that we have held in this past week.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
KING: We're back with Julie Nixon Eisenhower. Other than not having his papers, are there other difficulties to not being part of the federal library system?
EISENHOWER: It's really the principle of it.
KING: You have to treat your own grounds, right?
EISENHOWER: Right. We pay for everything. But, Larry, we're the American enterprise success story, because we've been running for 12 years with no federal funds. And that means we do everything from having bar mitzvahs to weddings on our grounds, and it's wonderful. It's great. I don't object to that.
We're very entrepreneurial. We have all kinds of speakers. For example, when Jesse Ventura came, it was fun. It was just the week that his memoirs came out, and do you remember memoirs said he didn't like to wear underwear?
So anyway, that's the day before he's due at the library. Well, you know, it's kind of a conservative group that comes to these book lectures and all...
KING: I would say.
EISENHOWER: So this is the big news story, and so the director sent out a memo to all the staff saying, "By the way, this will be a no-underwear day."
So we try to have fun at the library.
KING: And also amazing is that -- well, maybe amazing is the wrong word. It's the most open library. I mean, everything about Watergate was in that library.
EISENHOWER: Our critics don't think enough is...
KING: Oh, really?
EISENHOWER: ... but we have everything new? We do.
Though I have to tell you one thing, Larry. One of my father's friends made a suggestion for the Watergate gallery, which is the largest gallery in the library, so there's a lot there, to make it kind of dark so that you kind of want to move on. I mean, if you want to stand there in the dark and read the panels, you can. But you really kind of want to move yourself along.
KING: Let's get past it.
EISENHOWER: I'm really giving a few secrets out, but anyway.
KING: What about this movie bit?
EISENHOWER: Our daughter Jenny, she's an aspiring actress -- well, she is an actress. She's actually just starring in "A Secret Garden." She plays Lily.
And she had a great break where she got a very small role. I mean, if you blink you might miss her, but it's in the new Julia Roberts movie, "Mona Lisa Smiles." And it was a thrill to be in the movie, and the neat thing is that Jenny said Julia Roberts is just what she appears on screen.
KING: Terrific.
EISENHOWER: She's nice, she's funny, she's great with everybody. And it was just a fun thing to be involved with.
KING: Your grandfather would have been proud.
EISENHOWER: He would.
KING: Her grandfather would have been proud.
EISENHOWER: Right. She's -- she loves to perform. She loves to sing.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: In honor of moms birthday. The Eisenhower sisters will proform for us.
(SINGING)
(END VIDEO CLIP)
KING: It must be weird, being a Nixon and an Eisenhower, two names that are a main, controlling part of the 20th Century.
EISENHOWER: Aren't they? And I think the way our children have dealt with it is that they sort of have steered away from politics. I don't think you'll see any of the three in political life. Maybe just too much having both, both side.
Memory's good. I mean, the Eisenhower men's name is really getting dim. I have to sign my name every time I go somewhere, and nobody knows Camp David was named for David Eisenhower. Right?
KING: They don't. Your husband.
EISENHOWER: Right. And the Bush family, they're funny about it. They keep threatening, they keep telling David and me that they're going to change the name of Camp David to Camp Marvin and do we mind? Marvin is Marvin Bush, the president's brother. We say go for it, that's great.
So if it's Camp Marvin next year, don't be surprised.
KING: You get along well with the Bushes?
EISENHOWER: I really respect and like the family very, very much. They're terrific.
KING: Do you still follow the political game?
EISENHOWER: I followed it -- I love all the political games. And David always has an excuse to stay up all night on election night, so we're up all night and we're tabulating everything. Oh yes, we watch it very intently.
KING: That's right out of your father, because he was.
EISENHOWER: Yes, he loved -- he loved to do that, too. KING: He loved the whole game of it.
EISENHOWER: He did. And he loved our democracy. I mean, this is an incredible country. And as we begin 2003, it's the place where all -- everyone wants to come.
KING: Do you have a lot of optimism about this country because...
EISENHOWER: I do, I do.
KING: ... it's easy to be a pessimist.
EISENHOWER: No. We have problems but we're addressing them. You know, we're -- and this is a great country. And this is the melting pot. It's an incredible grouping of people that are working and living together.
KING: Julia, it is always wonderful...
EISENHOWER: Wonderful to see you.
KING: Do well.
EISENHOWER: And Happy New Year.
KING: Thank you. See you shopping on Rodeo.
EISENHOWER: Hopefully, tomorrow.
KING: Still afternoons.
"Journeys to Peace" will commence for six months. It's already been seen in China, in Shanghai and in Beijing. It will be seen in Yorba Linda, California, at the Nixon Birthplace Museum, beginning on the 9th for six months.
I thank Julie Nixon Eisenhower for joining us. I know she joins me in wishing everybody a very happy New Year, and a healthy and safe one, as well.
We'll see you tomorrow night. Stay tuned for "NEWSNIGHT" and good night.
TO ORDER A VIDEO OF THIS TRANSCRIPT, PLEASE CALL 800-CNN-NEWS OR USE OUR SECURE ONLINE ORDER FORM LOCATED AT www.fdch.com
http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shizheng/19/20030115/908100.html
视频：回顾尼克松访华，展望中美关系未来(上)
对话主题：回顾尼克松访华30周年，展望中美关系美好未来
中方嘉宾：知名外交家冀朝铸、章含之
外方嘉宾：尼克松次女朱莉•尼克松•艾森豪威尔
顾宜凡（以下简称“顾”）：观众朋友们，大家好！我们现在就在尼克松访华回顾展的现场――中国历史博物馆。坐在我身边的就是朱莉•尼克松•艾森豪威尔女士。朱莉，欢迎您来到我们的节目。
朱莉•尼克松•艾森豪威尔（以下简称“朱莉”）：感谢你们的邀请，多谢！
顾：这位是冀朝铸大使。这位就是章含之女士。尼克松总统访华前，在1972年2月份的国会演讲中说：“中国是一个充满活力的国家，中华民族是一个充满活力的民族，不应该被排斥在国际大家庭之外。”他当时有没有对你谈到一些关于中国的事情？
朱莉：很高兴到这里来，这次回顾展令人兴奋的一点就是：它展现了我父亲观点的变化过程，他对中国的看法以及对世界上其它国家看法的改变。他在1967年为《读者文摘》写的一篇文章中谈到：继续孤立世界上最有智慧和能力的十亿中国人，将是外交政策上的灾难。所以早在1967年，即我父亲历史性访华的五年前，他就考虑到中国和美国必须找到共同点。他决定实现这一愿望，所以在宣誓就职的第十二天，他把基辛格叫到办公室说：“我要去中国！”那就是开端。
顾：冀大使，接待尼克松总统之前，外交部做了哪些准备工作？
冀朝铸（以下简称“冀”）：说到迎接尼克松总统的准备工作，实际上是从基辛格的一系列访问就开始了。从基辛格第一次访华开始，一个特殊的接待班子就组成了。他们接到中央领导的指示：从现在起，你们的主要任务就是做好迎接尼克松的准备。比如：在尼克松到达之前，我们住进了钓鱼台国宾馆，我们阅读研究关于美国的方方面面的书籍和文章。
朱莉：上面写的都是好话吧？
冀：那当然了。我， 章含之还有其他同志们，对将要发生的事情感到无比兴奋，而我个人的心情就更不用说了。因为我在美国长大，我九岁时就随家人去了美国，那时是作为二战难民，为躲避日本侵略而逃到美国去的。我在美国长大成人后才回到了中国，所以被称为“假洋鬼子”。朱莉，你能来与我们一起庆祝尼克松访华三十周年，可想我是多么高兴。那次访问不仅改变了中国的历史进程，也帮助改变了世界。
顾：我注意到在尼克松总统的代表团飞机中有一架带有泛美航空的标志，那肯定不是空军一号？那是什么？
朱莉：我想那是备用飞机，是用来装载备用的物品和随行人员的，我父亲乘坐的是空军一号，机身上印有美国国徽标志。我想大家可能不知道，我父亲去世后，就是这架空军一号将他的遗体送往加利弗尼亚去的。
顾：我这里有一本当时香港出版的关于“尼克松北京7日游”的杂志，详细记载了当时访问的日程。当时是2月21日11:25到的北京，尼克松总统是先到上海才到北京的，是吧？当时最先见到尼克松总统和夫人的是哪一位？这里面有一幅照片。
冀：这是你。
顾：章含之女士，这张照片是在尼克松总统在从上海飞往北京的飞机上照的吗？
朱莉：让我来讲一讲这段故事好吗？
顾：好！ 请。
朱莉：这个故事能以小见大，说明父亲对那次访问的用心。他对如何从细节上表示对中国人民的尊重，非常重视和仔细。他的专机先在上海降落，然后换上中国领航员。我认为空军一号完全可以自行从上海飞到北京，并不需要中国领航员，但是他这样做是为了表示一种理念：即这次访问是我们两国的一次合作，表明两国人民将共同向前看，所以他将中国领航员带上了空军一号。好像你也挤上去了，是吧？你在上边。
章含之（以下简称“章”）：好像是吧。这张照片证明我在上面。
朱莉：另一件有趣的事情是：这是美国总统最后一次出国访问途中没有乘坐空军一号。我父亲建议从北京到杭州，他乘坐中国的飞机。我不相信在他之后，还曾有过任何一个美国总统再乘坐过外国的飞机。我父亲那样做是为了表明：既然我是中国人民的客人，我也自然应该是中国飞机上的乘客。
顾：从大的方面讲是划历史意义的，这小的方面也是创造了历史的。从此再没有一位美国总统访华时坐中国的飞机。
章：俄国的螺旋桨飞机，那架专机是周总理的专机，的确对美国总统来说要有好大的决心，而且对中美关系寄予这样大的期望，才能够决定上一架中国的专机。这架专机是俄国制造的螺旋桨飞机，也就是伊尔―18型飞机。当时尼克松总统访华之前来了一个先遣队，由黑格将军带领的先遣队，我是黑格将军的全程翻译，当时讨论了所有的细节。在讨论专机的时候，我们觉得这是美方特别难得的一点。在这一点上我们双方达成一致：从北京到杭州，尼克松总统作为周总理的客人上了周恩来总理的专机，就是我刚才说的那架伊尔―18；从杭州到上海，周恩来总理作为尼克松总统的客人，坐空军一号。这就显示了中美之间平等的关系，而且是一种互相友好的关系。到上海以后，空军一号给我们每人一张证书，表示我们曾经登上了空军一号。
顾：听说在尼克松总统下飞机之前，他问周总理有没有穿大衣，请讲讲这个细节。
朱莉：你可以想象得到，当一个国家的元首在一个受世界瞩目的出访过程中，细节是不可忽视的。例如：他即将见面的这位“对家”是否穿着大衣等，也是非常重要的。如果在严寒中来迎接他的周恩来没有穿大衣的话，那么我父亲也打算将他的大衣留在飞机上，他要以处处平等的姿态走上中国的土地。智慧的周恩来似乎知道我父亲的心事，他穿着大衣。谢天谢地！我父亲也穿着大衣走出了飞机。
顾：章女士，你当时在场吗？
章：当时我们都在机场。二月份很冷，但是好多人都不觉得冷，紧张这个字也不完全准确，我们当时并不是紧张，而是满怀期待。所有在飞机场的人都意识到，我们在目击一桩震动世界的事情，期待着这件事情的发生。
朱莉：主持人，是不是可以请冀大使站到当年他在那历史性握手的时刻他所站的地方，在那两只手握在一起的时刻，是他做的翻译，能让大使站到那儿重演那一幕吗？
顾：这个建议太好了！可以吗，冀大使？
冀：谢谢！我很荣幸。首先我要声明当时我穿的不是西装，而是中山装，也就是所谓的毛式制服。现在来不及换上当时的衣服了。我站在比较靠后的位置，不敢往前靠近。
我一看到总统先生从弦梯往下走时，我快步跑上前，就在这个位置，既保持一定的距离，又不能隔得太远。当两位伟人走近时，我又向前凑了一小步，我担心哪怕是我漏掉了一个字，也会酿成大祸。所以我站的位置使我能够听清楚两位伟人开口所说的第一句话和每一句话。
朱莉：他们说的什么？
冀：我记得尼克松总统说：“我跨越了浩瀚太平洋的隔绝来与伟大的中国人民握手。”为什么尼克松总统如此强调握手呢？这要从二十年之前说起。那是在一次日内瓦会议上，那次会议的议程是关于和平解决朝鲜战争问题，与会的国家有中国、 美国、法国、英国、印度等。会议期间 ，各国与会代表都互相握手，当周恩来总理向美国国务卿杜勒斯伸出手时，杜勒斯转身而去。当时美国代表团的其他成员认为这是非常失礼的，尤其是代表团的副团长史密斯将军更为此失礼而不安。他走到周总理身边，但是当时美国政府有明确规定，不准代表团中的任何成员与共产党人握手，但史密斯将军将会怎么做呢？恕我不敬，模仿一下当年的情景。假设我就是史密斯将军，我这样抓住周总理的小臂握了一握。这是史密斯将军留下的历史闪光点。再回到1972年2月，在总统先生走下弦梯时，他的脚还未踏上中国的土地，手就先伸了过来，周总理的手也伸了过去，两只巨手热烈地握在了一起。对于我来说，是无比地荣耀和自豪，能站在这儿、在两位伟人首次会面的时刻为他们翻译。谢谢！
顾：冀大使，从那些照片上看，你当时站得笔直笔直的，是不是有点紧张？
冀：当然！我非常紧张。因为当时我意识到这一时刻将会改变中国的历史，乃至世界的历史。
顾：当天晚上，周恩来总理接见尼克松总统并举行了会谈，冀大使，你参加了那次会谈吗？是不是讨论了《中美上海公报》？
冀：《上海公报》是大原则，已经大体谈好了，谈了好多次了。
朱莉：谈了15小时，整整15小时面对面的谈判。虽然在这之前已经有了很多的谈判，但当时的那15小时至关重要，我认为《上海公报》之所以成为外交史上十分独特的外交文件，是因为它实现了在中美关系中“求同存异”的原则。双方各自列举了自己的观点，美国方面提出了他们关于越南 、关于台湾、关于朝鲜的立场，这些立场与中方是截然相反的。在《公报》里中美双方各自申明了自己的立场，同时同意我们双方有共识，我们可以在“求同存异”的基础上进行合作。
章：应该是在1971年的10月份，基辛格来谈判的时候就已经定下来了。在1971年的7月份，基辛格秘密访华就打开了这扇大门，准备尼克松总统的访华。下一次10月的访华是一次工作访问，这次工作访问实际上决定了尼克松总统能不能如期顺利访华，也就是《上海公报》。第二次交换意见是在黑格来的时候，跟周恩来总理之间进行谈判，在具体的（问题上）字斟句酌，周恩来对每一个字都很注意。当时我是他的翻译，每一个字我们双方都经过详细讨论，能不能用这个字。因为当时双方的隔阂还非常大，每一个用字都很可能引起误解，其中特别是关于台湾问题。还有许多东西，要等尼克松总统来了以后再谈。后来尼克松总统来了以后，做长时间的关于《公报》的谈判，17个小时。
冀：当时关键的关键是如何讨论台湾问题。那个时候如何能够达成一个大家都同意的措词，不损害任何一方立场的一个说法，是关键的关键。关键的关键首先归功于尼克松总统和周恩来总理。但是具体的谈判，我看主要是基辛格博士和乔冠华。他们谈到最后就达成了这么一个非常奇妙的措词：“海峡两岸同属一个中国，世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。”至于中国叫作什么我们就不说了，这个大家都没有疑义。中美双方领导高度的智慧，使得我们两个伟大的国家，能够克服这个困难走在一起，从此以后两国关系一直发展下去。
章：我记得后来毛主席特别表扬这句话。尼克松总统访华之后，毛主席找我们去开会，主席说最后这句大家同意了，关键还是基辛格想出来的。我还想加一点点，这个月的月初我在杭州，我去看了八角楼，感触很多。八角楼是《上海公报》最后达成协议的地方，大家都知道，后来出了一些曲折。北京本来已经达成协议了，毛主席已经批准了。到杭州的时候，大家觉得已经很开心了，没有想到美方出了问题，美方提出了不同意见，美国国务院提出了不同意见。当时乔冠华认为一切都解决了，没有想到基辛格提出来，说我们要重新再谈一些问题。大概有三个分歧的问题要重新谈。这时候离第二天去上海只有24小时了。这24小时我看实际上是《中美上海公报》真正的关键，双方都非常紧张，这24小时，对于双方政治的远见、智慧、谈判的技巧都是一个最大的考验，一个最大的挑战。最后的谈判是在杭州宴会之后，在刘庄的八角楼里举行的。八角楼原来是干什么的？不是做谈判用的，它是个岗哨，它就在西湖边上，看湖面上的动作特别清楚。本来是个站岗的地方，后来毛主席住在那里，觉得那个地方的景致很好，于是加上玻璃以后就变成一个休息室，没想到八角楼后来起了这么大的历史作用。当天晚上大约是从10点钟开始谈，那次出席谈判的是乔冠华和基辛格，尼克松和周总理一直没有睡觉，等着前方的消息。那个谈判是非常非常激烈的，几乎都是要谈不成了。中方当然也很不高兴，毛主席同意的东西，我们不好随便改。毛主席在北京没有睡觉，尼克松和周总理没有睡觉，在八角楼里是基辛格和乔冠华在谈判，谈到天亮4点，4点钟的时候双方达成了协议，大家都放心了。
顾：现在我们在座的对当时的事情有没有记忆？大部分可能当时非常小，有的还没有出生。张朝阳，你应该记得，当时你虽然小，你应该记得一些事情。
张朝阳(搜狐公司总裁兼CEO)：那年我八岁，住在西安郊区的一个小镇，那时的传播也不是特别发达，所以我们只能听中央人民广播电台，因为当时没有电视，过后几天有新闻纪录片、新闻简报。以前对我们来讲是美帝国主义，现在突然美国的印象开始变得正面了一些。我当时那么小，也没有想到当时在北京所发生的事件，对我们这代人未来有如此大的影响。因为我当时想很多哥哥、姐姐，很多大孩子都是毕业以后要上山下乡，我也想去广阔天地大有作为。没有想到我一九八六年就去美国了。到现在不可想像，现在我们可以坐在中国在运营一个公司，而且这个公司在美国的股票市场上市，中国人都可以来买美国的股票，这个历史变化太巨大了！我本人整个生活的几十年见证了这样的历史。
顾：唐瑞德先生，你在这个展览前的一段录像里说，你们《读者文摘》当时对推动尼克松访华所起的作用感到自豪。为什么呢？
唐瑞德(美国《读者文摘》总裁兼CEO)：朱莉刚刚也提到了，尼克松在第一次总统竞选落选后，《读者文摘》的董事长非常担心这位美国社会最重要的人物之一将会从此销声匿迹，所以他建议尼克松花点时间到世界各地转一转，去观察世界上正在发生的事情。尼克松此次走访的成果之一，就是朱莉刚才提到的那篇于1967年发表在《读者文摘》上的文章。那篇文章鲜明地阐述了关于中国的重要性的思想，以及尽快让中国纳入国际大家庭的迫切性。所以《读者文摘》与尼克松总统有着很深远的历史关系。当我们听说要在中国举办尼克松访华回顾展时，我就觉得这是一个很好的机会，巩固我们与尼克松家庭的关系，同时也让我们一起庆祝尼克松访华，我们这个时代最重要的历史事件之一。我要强调的是：这次我来到这里以后所看到的一切，让我更加坚信，我们《读者文摘》赞助这次活动，是一个正确的决定。
朱莉：我想起了诺贝尔文学奖获得者赛珍珠曾说过一句非常令人深思的话。你知道赛珍珠是在中国出生的，她写过有关中国的书。她说过：“千年以后再回顾美国历史，如果有一句话可以总结千年美国史的话，那句话就是：尼克松去了中国。”
顾：在创造历史的七天中有很多故事，当时你们是从那次宴会开始分了工，谁负责为尼克松翻译，是不是？
章：我们年纪虽然大了，但都忘不掉。当时我们三个人有分工，你是尼克松总统的翻译，我是尼克松夫人的翻译，唐闻生是会谈的翻译。那天我看了你们展览上的影片，人家说：“你怎么无处不在？”到处都是我，我说我是偷了所有的镜头，其实他们的工作最辛苦。他们在会谈桌上，我当时的任务是陪同尼克松夫人参观访问。所以你想：拍电影的人，像他们拍电视的，不会让他们在那里从头拍到底，人家秘密会谈，也不会让你记者在那里从头听到底。记者只能去拍养猪场、北京饭店、长城、故宫，那里都是我的地方。后来尼克松总统到北京的第二次宴会前，半开玩笑地给周总理提了个意见，他当时说：我想跟我的夫人换个翻译。因为总统先生想要这样一个公众形象，他要跟一位女士在台上，而不是跟小冀。他跟尼克松总统差不多高，而且并不是长得特别漂亮，后来小冀找我，说下一场是你的事，指的是北京的宴会。当时我说绝对不干，绝对不可以的。我当时因为参加外交部比较晚，他们当时在外交部已经很长时间了，我一九七一年才进外交部，进外交部以后虽然做了一些翻译，从来没看见过这个场面，尤其是媒体，突然一下子来了三百多个美国所谓的媒体。什么是媒体？对中国人来说当时没有媒体的概念就觉得是一大片入侵者。来了以后一下就摆起这个阵势，灯光打起来，说老实话光这个灯光就把人吓得够呛。现在我们中国的媒体，我看跟美国的媒体一样咄咄逼人，当时可没有这种阵势。我说我可受不了，这三百多个美国记者一排开，大家都抢镜头，我在台上吓都吓晕了；而且还有一条最重要的，我不敢跟他换，尼克松总统经常是临时讲话，不读稿子。当时如果尼克松总统即兴讲话，我整个吓蒙了。翻译就是临场发挥的问题，临场的发挥只要慌一个字，后头一句话都听不见了，一定要非常镇静。在这种阵势下我肯定慌，尤其他即兴讲话我肯定慌。后来这个“官司”打到总理那里，周总理就笑，总理说：“你们两个人自己决定去吧。”最后我跟小冀达成了一个协议，我们俩人签的协议就是“北京协议”。我们俩定的协议是：他把北京的翻译工作做完。所以到了杭州第一次吃叫化鸡，就是我翻译的。我们合作得很好，我们也没吵架。
朱莉：我来讲点关于翻译的故事。他们非常聪明能干，还有一位当时的翻译唐闻生今天不在场，就在座的两位来说，确实做到了为他们的祖国尽职尽责。在访问结束时，我父亲特别赞扬了几位翻译。那天是章含之为我父亲做的翻译，你知道我父亲一句中文也不会，顶多会说一句“你好”，但他一句中文也听不懂，他站起来说：“感谢你们出色的翻译！”他对着章含之说她很出色，她的翻译我全听到了，一个字也没错过。
章：谢谢你父亲这样称赞！实际上我在告别晚宴上，犯了一个愚蠢的错误。
朱莉：他不可能知道，但他确信你一个字也没翻错，还有冀大使也是如此。
章：当时尼克松总统讲到中美之间的距离，有多少英里，我把米和英里搞混了，把距离搞错了，你的父亲当时肯定没有意识到。
朱莉：不会，他不可能知道。
章：有人说从电视上看到我当时很尴尬。
朱莉：你太谦虚了！
章：我确实犯了错，但是在场没有一个中方人员听得出来，因为那时没有中国人去过美国，也没有一个美方人员听得出来，因为他们也搞不清中国到美国有多远，所以我就自行决定了，中美之间到底有多远，只有周恩来意识到了。他抬起头来说：“含之，太近了点吧。”
朱莉：能和那位芭蕾舞演员谈谈吗？我记得当年我父母说到过，看《红色娘子军》有多么激动，还能再转个圈吗？
冀：你能不能再转一下？
宋琛琛（原中央芭蕾舞团演员）：可以。我把当年穿的《红色娘子军》的连长的服装都带来了。主要我要讲的是，那一天下午，在人民大会堂小礼堂宴会厅走台的时候。我们正排到第四场《万泉河》“万泉河水”那一段的时候，我就听到后面有人说：“好像总理在乐池旁边看我们。”因为下面比较暗，当时总理看到我们在台上有点激动的时候，他马上示意说：“你们继续排练，不要受我的影响。”等到中间休息的时候，总理说：“你们一定要把晚上的演出演好”，所以大家真是群情激奋，情绪高昂极了。当时还是短袖的，可能现在套不上了，很瘦的。
（宋琛琛表演舞蹈《红色娘子军》片段）
朱莉：太妙了！
顾：当时穿的不是高跟鞋吧？开个玩笑……
宋琛琛：不是。是穿的脚尖鞋。我整个后背都在转，整个过程立在脚尖上，握着拳。
朱莉：芭蕾舞？当时跳的是芭蕾舞？
顾：朱莉说你30年后还能穿当时的衣服，这是一个奇迹。
朱莉：我父母非常爱笑，我认为中国人非常爱笑，我从影片里看到我妈妈所到的很多场合孩子们在笑，大人们在笑，翻译们也在笑。笑是一种国际语言。我最爱讲的一个关于那次访问的故事能说明我父亲对那次中国之行有多么兴奋。他访华回国后的那天我们全家在白宫共进晚餐，你们从这次展览上可以看到，每一个代表团成员都带回了一瓶茅台。我父亲对茅台的印象非常深刻，谈起茅台很有兴致，他试图告诉我和我妹妹，茅台酒有多么烈，他说我来给你们表演。他拿过来一个杯盖，你们从展览上可以看到那个杯子和盖子 ，那是白宫里最漂亮的瓷器，镶着金边的白瓷杯，我妈妈当时给吓坏了，她直喊：“你在干什么？”爸爸将茅台倒进了杯盖中，然后划了根火柴扔了进去，火苗就喷了出来，弄得餐桌上火焰四溅。但他说服了我们，中国茅台是一种烈酒，同时也看得出来他回家后的那个晚上有多么兴奋。
顾：可能他拿回去的不仅是茅台，还有一小盒什么？熊猫香烟。我们当时在钓鱼台国宾馆的有一位同志来了，你给我们说说，怎么每天晚上烟也不见了，糖也不见了，是怎么回事？
刘馥敏（原钓鱼台18号楼服务员）：真正接待尼克松的时候，从我个人感觉来说，基本上所有美国总统都是我接待的，但是给我感觉最和蔼、最温柔的，好像还是尼克松总统。但是那时候给我们的感觉，还是很紧张的，邓大姐给我们开会，让我们接待的方针，要不冷不热、不卑不亢、落落大方，我们开始看到尼克松总统的时候，觉得很紧张。基本上那时候很少看到美国人，基辛格来打前站的时候，秘密来的时候，我参加了跟总理的那次会谈，但是基辛格的那个长相，和美国人又有点不同，尼克松总统来了以后，在大客厅里先见面的。我们去送水、送毛巾，很严肃的，我负责在楼上给尼克松总统和他夫人开饭，在早晨他们去吃早点的时候，我就用中文讲“你好”，他也学了一下“你好”。到餐厅以后，他主动给夫人先把椅子拉开，我觉得这点和中国人挺不大相像的，中国好像女的给男的先拉一下，那天尼克松总统就问：“你会讲英语吗？”当时我说：“会一点点。”他说：“你叫什么名字？”问我名字，我说：“我叫刘馥敏。”就是刘字他说不清楚。当时给我感觉好像美国人也不那么可怕。因为那个时候是两个超级大国，他是霸权国家，给我感觉美帝国主义很可怕的。
章：当时有人给我们汇报，说美国人非常奇怪，他们吃糖连糖纸一起吃。
刘馥敏：对，那个时候糖里面有一层糯米纸。
章：连外头的纸一起吃。当时我们说不可能，没有一个国家连糖纸一起吃，后来你们那个服务员汇报说：“真的！”因为字纸篓里头糖没有了，连纸都没有了。
刘馥敏：实际被他们拿走了。
章：对。我们就说他们喜欢中国糖，带走了。这个故事我们告诉了毛泽东主席。所以后来黑格将军来的时候，从上海离开的时候，毛主席指示：每个美国客人一个人送十斤糖。他们都是农村来的服务员，不明白为什么糖吃完了纸不见了。
顾：当时有没有发现茅台酒不见了？
刘馥敏：没有。是在小餐厅，在楼上小餐厅。我们专门给总统提供一个楼上的小餐厅，那里面摆着酒样子，后来发现没有了。还有我觉得尼克松总统，我为什么说他特别温和。他拿起筷子看半天，不知道怎么用，我就告诉他，这里有一个轴，必须用中指在中间隔开才行，我就给他做示范。
朱莉：他们学得怎么样？会使筷子了吗？
刘馥敏：我觉得他学得挺快的，后来基本上他都可以使用了。
朱莉：你是除了我以外的另外一个筷子老师，我在照片上看到，她们拿筷子的姿势很优雅。
刘馥敏：谢谢！
顾：你父母有谈及这些事吗？他们觉得住在钓鱼台怎么样？
朱莉：他们说那儿太美了！他们还特别喜欢那件猫的刺绣，两面都有的绣猫，那时在中国很有名。那漂亮的白猫，栩栩如生，你忍不住想去抚摸它身上柔软细腻的毛，你说过那是件珍宝被特别安放在国宾馆。四年之后，当我父母再次访问中国时，那件刺绣被作为礼品送给了他们，它一直是尼克松家庭的珍宝，直到尼克松图书馆成立后，那是他们从家里拿出去的第一件珍品。我父母希望每一位参观图书馆的人，都能分享这件精美绝伦的中国艺术品，它也在这次展览的物品之列，你们一定要看一看。好像这种刺绣有一个特别的名字，叫什么来着？
章：双面绣，苏州的双面绣。
朱莉：对，正是这种珍品。
顾：刚才她提到的一件事很有意思的，就是钓鱼台为了接待尼克松总统，好多珍宝都移到那儿去了。我们这个节目拍摄前，联系了好多当时参与接待的人员，最后有的不能来。当时的外交部礼宾司司长朱传贤先生给我们写来了一封信，讲到一些细节。他就提到尼克松第二次访华的时候，给他安排游了桂林，桂林当时不是太有名的城市，但因为尼克松去了而一夜成为中国四大旅游点之一。所以尼克松访华也给许多中国的景点和宾馆都带来了好运。
朱莉：太好了！
章：当时我们确实希望在接待中给尼克松总统一种亲切感。当时我接到一个任务，叫我去找美国歌曲。
朱莉：是你选了那首“美丽的牧场我的家”，当时能够在中国听到那首歌，真是不得了！它不是一首流行歌曲。
章：对 它不是流行歌曲。
朱莉：当时我们美国人在电视上看到了整个宴会的过程，我们听到正在演奏那首“美丽的牧场我的家”。
章：在当时的中国，不仅没有美国流行音乐，也没有中国流行音乐，七十年代我们只能唱革命歌曲。在那样的环境下，周恩来总理特别关照，在宴会上要演奏适宜的音乐。我被安排去寻找美国民歌，周总理关照要我们最好能找到尼克松总统喜欢的歌。当时我找遍了在北京的美国人――当然这些都是美国的革命派，大多数是在中国教学的老师。我当时到友谊宾馆，找到了那些美国人，最后从我搜集到的所有音乐中，我发现了这首“美丽的牧场我的家”，我们就在人民大会堂里播放了这首音乐，当时的情景很感人。
朱莉：我父亲当时带了一个随行摄影师，他拍摄了十八个小时的胶片，其中有一些画面从未公开过。从这些画面中可以看到，我父亲与周恩来在一起的轻松场面，他们在一起非常亲切，像你说的，他们在西湖边散步。当我们今天再从影片中看到这两位伟大的领导人在一起时，当年的情景历历在目，仿佛看到他们并肩走来，谈笑风生。
顾：朱莉说她还注意到我们观众席中的一个人，这个人传着传统的中山装，是我们原国家体委主任李梦华先生，她希望你讲几句话。
李梦华：美国人民、中国人民都是伟大的人民！中美两国人民友谊不断发展，这是世界人民共同的愿望和要求，也是中国人民和美国人民的共同要求，因为我们两个国家的关系得到不断地向前发展，这是对世界和平非常有利的一个重要因素。谢谢大家！
朱莉：太美了！美极了！说得太好了！你该不是一位大政治家吧。
冀：她说您恐怕是一位大政治家吧，说得那么好！
顾：我正愁没有结束语呢！他把我的结束语以最好的形式、最好的语气表达出来了。好，我们下期见。
（上集完）
来源：人民网 2003年1月15日
人民网 >> 时政 >> 综合报道 2003年1月15日08:59
《让世界了解你》
“回顾尼克松访华”电视节目对话全文（下）
回顾尼克松访华，展望中美关系未来(下)
对话主题：回顾尼克松访华30周年，展望中美关系美好未来
中方嘉宾：知名外交家冀朝铸、章含之
外方嘉宾：尼克松次女朱莉•尼克松•艾森豪威尔
顾宜凡：冀大使，你还记得第一次为总理做翻译的情景吗？
冀朝铸：好的。我还是说英语吧，给你们讲一讲第一次给总理当翻译时出的娄子。当年我刚回国不久，大家都叫我"洋娃娃"，不知道谁向周恩来总理打了“小报告”，周总理在外交部碰到我在为来访的尼泊尔首相的下属做翻译，总理说：“让这个小冀到我那儿试一试吧。”突然间我从小鸭变天鹅了，从勤务兵的翻译一跃成了首相的翻译，我感到受宠若惊。我给总理第一次做翻译的场合是总理陪同尼泊尔首相观看体育表演。我被事先告知，表演结束时的献礼仪式不用我翻译，而是由其他人翻译，所以献礼时我的脑子就开小差了，但是周总理不知道这一安排。总理说： “小冀你为什么不翻译呢？”我就连蒙带猜地说了一句：“尊敬的首相，现在向您献礼。”总理说：“ 小冀，还有献旗呢？” “天哪！我闯祸了！” 在第二天的国宴上，外交部礼宾司的同志知道我昨天犯了错，他们告诉我：“你这次可要倍加小心，不能漏掉周总理和尼泊尔首相说的一个字。在周总理发表正式讲话时，你要照稿宣读，一个字也不能差。”这次我丝毫不敢怠慢，总理读一句，我读一句；总理再读一句，我又重复一句。渐渐我感到自己仿佛就是总理了。突然，周总理脱了稿即兴讲了一句话，我又闯祸了。当时我的注意力只在稿子上，而没有认真听，我根本没听见总理即兴说了什么，所以我没能翻出来，这回总理真生气了。他说：“小冀太紧张了，换一个翻译。”就这样我从第一桌被赶到了最后一桌。大约五、六个月以后，周总理到外交部做报告，总理说：“我要强调一点，作为一名合格的外交官，除了必备的业务知识以外，最重要的一点，你要在任何时候都必须对党、对国家、对人民绝对忠心，绝对可靠，绝对诚实。”在以后的岁月里，我为周总理当了17年的翻译，我时刻牢记总理的教诲，在任何时候都做到对党、对国家、 对人民绝对忠诚。
顾：今天我们还请到了当年的乒乓球世界冠军郑敏芝女士，听说您跟周总理打过球，请您讲讲您的故事。
郑敏芝：好的。1971年5月1日，是我一生当中非常难忘的一天，出现了很多惊喜，有很多想不到。第一个想不到就是在5月1日下午，周总理接见澳大利亚乒乓球代表团，总理接见完以后，很高兴地走到我们运动员面前，跟我说：“郑敏之，我要和你打乒乓球。”这是第一个我没有想到；第二个没想到，打完乒乓球以后，周总理就跟我们说：“今天晚上我要请你们几个运动员到天安门城楼观看五•一劳动节的焰火，这个我没有想到，因为当时在我的心目中，天安门城楼是伟人才能去的；第三个没想到，在天安门城楼，我们几位乒乓球运动员有徐寅生、梁戈亮、张燮林、梁丽珍以及我本人共五位代表。8点钟左右，周总理陪着毛主席出现了，那时候我们都很激动，周总理陪着毛主席来，我们的手就在晃，拿着红宝书就在晃，非常高兴。我没想到周总理在人群中，叫：“郑敏之”，我听到了但是我人在发直，我没想到周总理一下子就在人群中找到我，很快把手伸进去，右手一下子很有力地把我拉出来，跟毛主席介绍：“主席，这是中国乒乓球队的郑敏之，她们刚刚从三十一届世乒赛回来。”主席握住我的手，他说：“谢谢你！谢谢你们！谢谢你们！”随后邓大姐看到我们，握着我的手，她说：“你们真了不起，你们小小银球，小球震动地球啊！”紧接着，我们中国乒乓球队到美国访问，后来我们国家发生了一系列变化，中美建交，还有我们现在进行的改革开放。我们不应该忘记历史，我们现在再谈中美关系发展，我觉得更加要记住这段历史，更不能忘记尼克松总统、毛主席、周总理这代伟人。
顾：谢谢！朱莉，1976年您访问中国的时候，毛泽东主席接见了您和您的丈夫，您能不能谈当时的印象？
朱莉：那是1976年的除夕夜，晚上11点多钟，我们已经准备睡觉了，突然听到一阵敲门声。真是“人生何处不相逢”，过了26年之后，前些日子我在上海，又碰到了那个半夜里敲我门的人。那天晚上，我听到敲门声，穿着睡衣打开了门，那人说：“毛主席要见你，请立即动身。”我和我丈夫在两分钟之内穿好了衣服，我记得非常清楚我那天穿什么衣服，是一件套头衫，没有扣子，我套在身上就走了。我们在黑夜中上了汽车，30年前的北京，大街上见不到几辆汽车，那已是深夜了，我们身后跟着几辆军用黄色吉普车，长安街上静悄悄的。车把我们送进了中南海，有人把我们领到了毛主席身边，在这之前毛主席曾几次中风，他说话已经不清楚了，有好几个翻译在记录他说的话，然后再问他是不是这个意思。毛主席询问了我父亲的情况，并看了我带给他的我父亲的亲笔信。在信中我父亲表达了他的愿望，虽然中美之间有分歧，但是仍可以继续向建立伙伴关系的方向前进；我记得在那封信里我父亲告诉毛主席，他将在一个月以后访问中国。我父母是最后见到毛主席的美国人。在我父亲那次访华后的几个星期，毛主席就与世长辞了，Nancy唐曾经告诉过我一个故事，她的中文名字叫什么来着？
章含之：唐闻生。
朱：对，唐闻生。今年三月份我来北京时，见到唐闻生，她告诉了我和我丈夫一件先前从不知晓的故事。我父亲第一天到达北京的安排是这样的：由周恩来到机场迎接我父亲之后，当天晚上就要会见毛主席。不巧，那天毛主席患了感冒，他病得很重，呼吸有困难，但他清楚如果在尼克松到达中国的第一天毛泽东没有会见他，外国媒体就会借题发挥，认为访问没有取得成功，一定是中间出了问题。虽然毛主席病得厉害，但他以顽强的意志克服病痛，在当天晚上会见了尼克松，你们也记得这件事吧。
章：1972年，按照毛泽东主席的健康情况，的确不能会见尼克松总统，在黑格将军先遣队访问的时候，他就很关心这件事情。我记得黑格将军是1月份来访问的，就在尼克松访问前一个半月，大约在1月4号的晚上，我是他的全程翻译，当时我们的总部设在民族饭店，突然半夜四点钟我得到一个通知，说立即到毛主席那儿去，毛主席要听汇报，关于先遣队的讨论。可见他对尼克松的访问是如此重视。所以我们在四点钟就像朱莉一样，糊里糊涂地起来跑去见毛主席。当时毛主席的身体情况很不好，腿也肿得很厉害，需要把脚搁在上面，当时我们有点担心，如果在这种情况下，他有可能见不了尼克松总统。那将是一个很大的波折，的确像朱莉刚才说的那样，毛主席以很大的毅力克服了他的病痛，会见了尼克松总统。
朱：那天我父亲并不知道，毛主席正在生病，但他注意到周恩来在会见过程中不停地看表。能够明显看出来，周恩来希望会见的时间尽量短，我父亲搞不清楚为什么，但他明白周恩来的意思，他希望尽快结束会面，他不停地看表，显得坐立不安。三十年之后这个谜才被揭开，原来那天毛主席是带病会见我父亲。
顾：但当时《人民日报》登出来的大照片上，主席看起来还是神采奕奕的，精神非常好。我们这里有一位摄影师，是李华先生，当时主席会见尼克松的时候是您拍的电视，是吧？你能不能讲讲当时的情景？李华（原中央电视台记者）：我们过去工作的时候，毛主席只让拍三分钟，因为主席身体不是很好，灯光一照射眼睛也受不了，只让拍三分钟。但是这次破例了，我们一直拍到了七分钟之长，这是我拍毛主席接见外宾，时间最长的一次，看效果也是最好的一次。其中有一段大家高兴的地方，尼克松总统说：“蒋介石管你们共产党叫‘赤匪’，那么你们叫国民党什么？”当时总理替主席回答的，说：“他叫我们‘赤匪’，我们叫他‘蒋帮’，有的时候也叫‘蒋匪’。”这样情绪就上来了。第二次高潮的地方，谈到基辛格来过两次，都是秘密来的，当时主席就说：“基辛格不像特务。”这句话也把大家的情绪调动起来了。根据这样的情况，我们对拍的片子非常满意，长达七分钟。
顾：冀大使，你给我们讲一个给毛主席做翻译的故事吧。
冀：有次我给毛主席当翻译，我的嗓门不是很大吗？主席晚年就怕声音太大。有一次翻译我在他耳朵边一吼，“你怎么声音这么大！”后来毛主席还是生气，但是一般我就站在后面，最后是唐闻生、章含之，总理也希望多两个翻译。因为主席的话太重要了，一个字也不能错，一个字也不能翻译得不准确。
顾：朱莉，当时在尼克松访问中国时，你们是怎么样关注报道的？通过电视吗？
朱莉：70年代美国没有有线电视，只有NBC、ABC、CBS三大电视网，他们用卫星全天候转播尼克松访华实况，有很多人甚至请假不去上班在家看转播。一阵中国热席卷了整个美国，人们终于看到了，被隔绝在高墙背后的中国。整整二十五年了，没有西方人见到过中国是什么样的。人们把眼睛贴在电视机上，不放过任何一个来自中国的画面，这就是为什么那时章含之在美国成了电视明星。当时我父亲与周恩来关在屋里进行秘密会谈，而我母亲则在外面进行外交活动，她与中国老百姓见面、参观十三陵 、走访医院、与孩子们在一起、在北京饭店品尝佳肴，是我母亲真正地看到了中国的方方面面，美国人通过我母亲的眼睛看到了中国，当然也通过章含之的眼睛。
章：就在那年9月，我去纽约参加联合国大会，有一次我到联合国总部地下室里一个小商店去买东西，那个商店里的服务员一看到我就喊：“快来看，这就是为我们的总统做翻译的那个中国女孩！”挺好玩的。
顾：唐瑞德先生，当时美国媒体对这个访问特别关注，他们是抱一种什么态度来对待这个事件的。
唐瑞德：你知道美国媒体在什么事情上都要找出争论点来，这是我们媒体的“责任”，当然在尼克松访华事件上也不例外，也有一些不同的声音。但是在我的记忆中，对于尼克松访问中国的赞扬声是绝对压倒一切的，并且在全球范围内，不管是媒体也好，还是老百姓也好，都一致拥护尼克松访问中国是一个正确的决定，历史更加证明了它的正确性。
顾：节目开拍之前，咱们这位世界冠军告诉我，他父亲本来非常想来参加这期节目，可惜不能来，他写了一封信给我们，我把它念一下。
顾念信：“尊敬的尼克松总统的女儿，欢迎你再次来到中国访问。今天的中国已经今非昔比了，我非常希望你能在中国多住几日，在工作之余欣赏一些户外的风景。你好像已经看了一些了，是吧？我非常感激你父亲曾在白宫接见我的女儿郑敏之。你父亲对我女儿的亲切鼓励，激励了她一生的发展，我们中国人民感激你父亲为改善中美关系所做出的贡献。中国人民深深地怀念尼克松总统。”
顾：你讲一下当时见到尼克松总统的情景。
郑敏芝：1972年周总理跟我们说：“中国乒乓球队要访问美国。”我觉得非常荣幸能够作为中国乒乓球代表团的一员，也作为中国人民的友好使者能够访问美国。真的，我觉得很自豪，给我印象最深的是在白宫，尼克松总统接见我们，我觉得其中有很重要的一段话，尼克松总统讲：“比赛双方都会有胜负，有胜利者也会有失败者，其中有一个最大的胜利者，那就是美国人民和中国人民的友谊。”这段话给我的印象非常深刻，现在过了三十年，回顾这段话，我觉得好像是在昨天讲的。在这里我想代表中国乒乓球队，请你转达我们对美国乒乓球队的问候，衷心地希望，我们两国人民的友谊能够长存！像你父亲说的，成为最大的胜利者。
朱莉：谢谢你父亲的信！太感人了！
顾：她父亲是一位老师。
朱莉：所以写得那么好。美国乒乓球队是否曾经打败过中国队，他们有过战胜中国队的记录吗？我们的乒乓球打得怎么样？
郑：据说他们进步还是很快的。
朱莉：你很会外交辞令。
章：像个外交家似的。
顾：朱莉，30年来美国人对中国的认识也有了变化吧。
朱莉：绝对是。你们不再叫我们美帝国主义走狗，没错吧？我们不再称你们为“红色中国”，我们已经走出了历史的误区，我们之间的交流是非常重要的。我很感动张朝阳刚才说的话，到美国留学改变了你的生活，当然很多美国人也到中国留学，我们之间的交流越多，我们之间的互相了解也就越深，只有这样世界和平才有希望。
顾：我们还想听听这位当年的外交官的。
唐占希（原美国驻华使馆外交官）：今天我的嗓子不太好，希望大家原谅。1971年基辛格博士第一次访华时，我在台湾工作，当时台湾人非常紧张；六年以后我调到北京，先后在美国驻华联络处和之后的美国驻华使馆工作了三年多。当时中美刚刚建交，工作非常繁忙，也曾和冀朝铸大使一起工作过，您当时是美大司副司长是吧？
冀：是。
唐占希：对，当时每个星期都有美国来的代表团，要达成协议、签个合同什么的。我给他们做翻译工作，也吃过这个苦头，翻译文本都要我校对，天天晚上跑一趟钓鱼台，从人民大会堂跑过去，第二天早晨又重新再来，但是感觉非常愉快。以前我是从事文化和教育交流的，中国第一次到美国去的五十名访问学者是我安排的，我亲自打印他们的IP-66表。当时我觉得很奇怪，1978年快到12月中旬的时候，中美突然宣布：要在将来的两个星期内正式建交。第二天中国教育部来了一个很急的电话说：“请你赶快过来，我们有急事跟你说。”我们到了教育部后听他们说，邓小平今天早上亲自给部长下了一个命令，在中美建交的前夕，第一批50名学者一定要到达美国，这就意味着在两个礼拜之内，整个的安排都要做妥。哪里来这批人呢？然后还真是统统安排好了，因为教育部的人拼命干，大概是12月28号的晚上，在首都机场为他们送行，送行的有周培源，冀大使好像也在吧？有一大批人，有方毅，有伍德科克大使，还有一个七品小官――那就是我。我们到机场送走了他们，然后我问教育部的人，你们从哪里找到这些人，有50名，差不多在一个礼拜之内，从哪里找的？他们说我们去“抓人”，我问怎么“抓人”，他们说：“我们到各个单位问，谁在这里又红又专，又懂基础英语？你是某某人，上车！”
顾：现在做事比10年以前总容易得多了吧？
唐占希：我想回答这个问题最理想的还是甘维珍女士，因为她是做生意的，而我不是“经济挂帅”。
顾：甘维珍，讲中美建交为中美之间的商贸交往所提供的机会，我觉得你是个最合适不过的见证人。
甘维珍(美国甘维珍公司董事长)：我第一次到达北京的那天，是一个非常特殊的日子，是1978年12月16日，你记得那是个什么日子吗？那是中美宣布要正式建交的日子，我是陪同美国大通银行的行长来访华的。当时我正在人民大会堂，我是他的蹩脚中文翻译，我们结束会议离开人民大会堂时，听到了中美将建交的消息。那天《人民日报》出了套红版面，从那以后一切都发生了巨大的变化。说到做生意，当时在整个中国，所有的商业谈判都必须在一座楼里进行，这个地方叫二里沟，与英语里“早点走”发言类似，因为那时与中国进行生意谈判十分艰难，那些大鼻子的外国人谈不成生意，就早早地跑了。所以我们叫“二里沟”为“早点走”。在1978年，中国只有9个公司有权力与外国人签合同，我的老板也就是大通银行行长大卫.洛克菲尔先生，他说：“不管哪个行业到中国去谈生意，珍妮（他喊我的昵称‘珍妮’）你总是知道应该去找哪个中国公司接头。”但是他不知道只有九个公司可以谈，我的老板认为我是如此聪明，但他没有意识到，在1978年，中美之间的贸易来往少得可怜。我管冀大使叫“老头子”。
冀：我们是1978年认识的吧？我叫她“小姑娘”，她是我的“小姑娘”。
甘维珍：你别说吧，我们相识于1979年新年伊始，那次冀大使在为薄一波副总理当翻译，而我是大通银行行长的翻译，20多年来我们的友谊与日俱增。我认识朱莉的时间不长，只有不到两年时间，但是我们之间的关系很亲密，我非常遗憾从来没有见到尼克松总统本人，但是中国有句俗话叫作“精神不死”，你父亲的精神将永不泯灭。
朱莉：谢谢你。
顾：张朝阳，你在中国这几年变成一个媒体红人了，你对中国的变化有什么感慨？
张朝阳：我过去二十多年的发展与中美关系有不可分割的联系。作为“文革”后的第一批，我1981年上大学，1986年到美国去，在麻省理工学院读博士学位，并且在那儿发现了互联网，我于1995年回到中国。我们这个搜狐公司不管从哪一个方面来说，都是一个纯粹的硅谷创业型公司，作为公司的高层管理人员，我们必须要签署合同。过去的30年，我们经历了几个时代的变化，现在我们和你们没有太大的不同，我们讲一样的语言，喝一样的咖啡，在北京到处可见星巴克咖啡店。这个世界变化太快了！
朱莉：你说得非常对，今天世界的变化真是不可思议。我想起了前上海市长说过的一句话，他前不久跟我的伯父说，在我一生中，有两件事情，是我以前做梦也不敢想像的：一件是人类登上月球，另一件就是美国总统踏上中国大陆。虽然两件事情都实现了，但第二件比第一件似乎更难。
章含之：刚才张朝阳先生讲的今天的中美关系和今天的中国跟那个时候可以说是天差地别，像我刚才说的，当时在中国根本没有一个媒体，我就想起一个笑话。当时没有真正的记者，记者就是一些干部，新华社的干部就叫记者。在杭州的那天晚上，《中美上海公报》最终在4点钟达成了协议，第二天早上，我们全体人员坐空军一号飞到上海，然后决定下午4点钟在锦江宾馆小礼堂举行一个breafing（新闻发布会）。当时美方提出来，中国当时的新闻都是外交部叫去告诉你怎么写。我们没有breafing这个词，我们就说吹风，一直到现在都叫吹风会，然后就通知中方的记者，通知上海新华社，我们说要开breafing，下午四点钟开吹风会，在锦江宾馆。后来有几个记者老不来，我们也不知道他们为什么迟到，反正他们迟到了。当天晚上，我去理发，理发室的理发师傅就问我：“你们下午干什么了？”我说：“下午开会”。他说：“记者怎么跑到我们这里来了？”他说：“你们告诉记者要吹风，他们就跑到我们理发室里来了。”还有一个故事，当年我们第一次去美国，实际上是去联合国，在1972年尼克松总统访华之前，我们之所以1971年进入联合国，实际上跟宣布尼克松总统访华密切相关。7月份基辛格秘密访华之后，双方同时宣布：尼克松总统将在适当的时候访问中国。一下子就把联合国的局面改变了，于是当年的11月份，通过了中国进入联合国的决议，当时我们自己都没有想到，于是我们就急急忙忙上阵，真是匆忙上阵，在尼克松总统访问之前，我们就急急忙忙去了美国。当时我们真的像到月球上去一样，也不知道会是什么样子，我想我们那批人大概是第一批的中国的公务签证，在这之前恐怕没有人用公务签证到过美国。结果我们到了美国以后，我们觉得去美国是一件特别特别不可思议的事情；而对美国人来说，我们这些“红色中国”来的人好像是从太空来的人一样。我们到了那里以后，在住的地方，人们把我们看得特别奇怪，相隔二十年的敌对之后，我们以为会看见一种比较敌对的情绪，我们都有思想准备，所以当时我们走的时候，给党表示决心的时候，都说“处处青山埋忠骨，何必马革裹尸还”，我们都是准备牺牲去的。我们感觉到我们就是一个突击队，到敌后去了，现在的人大概没法理解。现在我的一些美国朋友、中国朋友，他们来往北京和纽约，比我去颐和园还多，差不多两礼拜来一趟，有的甚至一个礼拜来一趟，我们走在大街上，你们现在能想像吗？中国人在美国被围观，我们的衣服一看就是“红色中国”来的，因为男的女的穿的都是一个样子，基本就是后面照片上的衣服。男的衣服和女的衣服除了领子有点不同，其它都一样。
顾：出去的时候没有把衣服改装一下？
章：那不可以的，衣服都是在红都服装店做的，都是一样的。红都服装店当时做这样一套衣服，要开介绍信，现在衣服卖不出去了，那个时候要开介绍信。有外交部的出国任务，才能做这么一套衣服，所以样式是一样的，颜色是一样的，料子也是一样的。我们出国的人员，不分男女老少级别，全是一样的。我们那时侯，每天下午举行一个记者招待会，发布当天中国代表团的活动，我是发言人的翻译，每天下午记者多得不得了，中国代表团要发布新闻，当时在联合国特别轰动。有一天记者招待会散会了，我们宣布今天的记者招待会结束，有一位女记者就过来了，说：“我可不可以提个特殊要求？”我说：“你说吧。”她说：“我可不可以摸一摸你的衣服。”我不知道她要干什么，我说：“可以呀。”她就摸了一下。第二天报上有一篇报道，说：“我昨天有机会摸了一下中国代表团官员的衣服，我发现虽然他们穿的都是一个样子的，但他们的料子都非常好，他们的料子是纯羊毛的。”我那套衣服在照片里有，当时美国人就搞不懂：中国人为什么穿的衣服都是一个颜色，都差不多颜色？后来有一个纽约时报的记者，自作聪明，他说：“我经过一番研究现在知道了，颜色代表他们的级别，他们的大使时穿什么颜色，他们一般工作人员穿什么颜色。”当时代表团团长乔冠华，他穿了一种颜色的衣服，当时给他开车的司机穿的跟他一样，第二天在报上有一张他的司机的大照片――《中国大使在联合国》。
顾：唐瑞德先生，中美破冰之旅之后，普通的美国人民得到了一些什么好处？
唐瑞德：我认为今天比历史上任何一个时候中美关系在世界和平中所起到的中心作用都更重要，这是有目共睹的事实。一天比一天更清楚的是：50年之后，中美关系仍然是十分重要的。我认为未来的五十年，这个世界将由中国人来造就，这是毫无疑问，不可代替的。作为美国人，我为能在今天结交了众多的中国朋友而高兴，我为我们今天所缅怀的那一代伟大领导人的智慧而骄傲，是他们带领我们两国人民走到了一起。50年之后，中美关系将是世界和平与进步的关键。
顾：朱莉，你同意吗？
朱：我同意，他说得很对，我十二分同意。我经常阅读记者和历史学家写的关于中国的文章，我了解到中国的迅速变化、国民生产总值的增长，进步一年比一年大。中国将站在人类时代的前沿。所以对于美国人来说，保持与中国的友好关系是十分重要的。
冀：在现今世界上要维护全球的和平、稳定、发展，一个关键性的关系，恐怕就是中美两国关系。
顾：高倩倩女士是甘维珍公司驻北京的首席代表。
高倩倩：我跟你一样，1972年，我年龄还比较小，我十二岁，比你大一点点，还不怎么懂事，所以我对当时的事情，没有太深的印象。但是我现在住在这儿，住在中国，在中国工作，就是因为有了尼克松访华。如果他不曾访问中国，我也就没有机会学习中文，也不会在中国过着这么愉快的日子。非常感谢！
顾：我们观众中间有向三位嘉宾提问的吗？
观众（外交学院学生）：首先非常荣幸能来到这里，我觉得今天有一个非常有意思的现象，就是美国朋友可以用中文跟我们交流，而我们也有能力用英文跟我们的美国朋友交流，我可不可以用英文跟嘉宾对话？我可以叫你朱莉吗？
朱：当然可以。请！
观众：我今天有幸见到了你本人，你看上去那么年轻，算起来你应该已经30岁以上了吧。我向你提三个问题：第一个是你怎么看待今天的中美关系；第二个是如果你像你父亲一样当选为美国总统的话，你的对华政策会怎样；第三个问题最重要，我希望你能直率地回答，那就是你喜欢中国饺子和北京烤鸭吗？
朱莉：这个问题最重要，你提的三个问题都很好。但是我要说： 我最想回答的是关于饺子和北京烤鸭的问题。我觉得美国人每周至少吃一顿中国餐，至少我们家是这样。你们的饮食文化是美国人民生活的一部分，但是在这里的中餐，与美国的中餐有些不同，这里的更好吃。谢谢！
顾：约翰•泰勒先生是尼克松先生生前非常亲近的朋友。
约翰•泰勒（美国尼克松图书馆馆长）：我非常有幸在尼克松总统卸任之后为他工作，他在1974年离开白宫时仍然是个年轻人，只有61岁。他在辞去总统职务的那天，就向美国人保证，他要继续为促进中美关系而努力。那时，中美关系还不很成熟，他所坚持的关于中美关系的三点原则，对改善中美关系做出了巨大贡献。我卸任之后六次访问中国，从1976年开始，刚才朱莉谈到过，到尼克松去世前的1993年、1978年到1979年期间，他倾注了大量的心血，在幕后协助卡特总统，筹备美中建交事宜。1981年里根总统上任，里根总统开始是属于美国共和党中怀疑美中友好是否有利于美国利益的那一部分人，是尼克松总统通过他的私人朋友黑格将军，强烈敦促里根总统到中国访问，亲身体验一下中美关系对于美国利益和全球安全的重要性。尤其是1989年，当中美关系出现了自1972年以来最大的危机时，他继续在幕后向美国领导人和中国领导人敦促，克服当时的困难，解决中美关系的危机是重要之重要。这不仅是解决眼前危机的问题，而是关系到两国长期利益的大局。尼克松终生都在不断为中美关系而尽力，从1965年他在纽约做的第一场关于强调中美之间应寻求共同点的报告开始，直到1994年他去世。当那架空军一号在朱莉和家人的伴陪下将尼克松总统的遗体运往加州之际，也就是在尼克松总统葬礼的那一天，在尼克松图书馆，时任美国总统克林顿与时任中国外交部长正在进行一场非常重要的会晤。即使在他的灵魂升天的那一刻，他仍在中美关系中扮演着重要的角色。谢谢！
顾：这位是齐白石的再传弟子，他准备了一幅画想送给你。
张士鹏（画家）：我叫张士鹏，我是齐白石的再传弟子，我给朱莉小姐带了一幅画，这幅画是齐白石先生的精品，画的是虾，我希望您喜欢。
朱莉：太美了！谢谢！
丁杏芬：我是丁杏芬，原来在中共中央联络部非洲局工作，后来到国家审计署。冀朝铸大使，在天安门城楼上毛主席接见我陪同的南非共产党访问团时，有幸见到冀大使，我非常佩服他的为人和高水平的翻译。章含之女士是我的校友，不知道你还记得我吗？北外学友，你比我高两班，我们在一个楼里住了四年。我们在一起接待过菲律宾的马科思总统夫妇，非洲莫桑比克的桑莫拉总统，还有泰国总理柯利，当时我们都在钓鱼台住，不晓得你对我还有印象没有？我非常佩服你，是一位又漂亮又有天才的女士。
章含之：前不久我写了一篇文章，基本上也是讲这一段经历的，我给它起了题目，现在我有点后悔，题目叫“昨日旧事残梦”。今天坐在这里，好像过去的事情又历历在目，所以说旧事不旧，残梦不残，而且这个梦延续到今天成为现实。三十年前，这次改变世界的七日，我和小冀还有很多同事有幸参加，作为历史的见证人，如果说那是历史上精彩的一幕，那么我想：它也创造了我们精彩人生的一幕。
冀朝铸：我和章含之同志是几十年的老友了，30多年， 同甘苦、共患难。在这30年中，中国经过了翻天覆地的变化，也证明了现在的领导人确确实实非常有眼光，看出世界，也看出我们中国是如何发展的。这让我们对我们的前途更加充满了希望，最后再次感谢我们的主持人，召开这么好的聚会，谢谢大家！
朱莉：谢谢主持人，让我们大家在这个场合汇聚一堂，今天在场的那么多人，每个人都对那段历史做出了贡献，我深受感动。你向我再现了1972年时穿的衣服，她向我讲述了对我父亲的精心照顾，是你们赋予了这次展览生命力，使那些原本已沉寂了30年的遗物，变得活灵活现，谢谢你！使我们大家在三十年之后相会，不管是坐在台下、还是在台上的，我都感谢你们让我成为你们其中的一员，我永远也不会忘记今天。
顾：我们大家也感谢三位嘉宾今天来到我们观众当中。谢谢你们！我们今天在中国历史博物馆缅怀过去，展望未来，我们希望中美两国的友谊万古长青！再见。
（下集完）
来源：人民网 2003年1月15日
(2)CNN 电视节目对话
CNN LARRY KING LIVE
(http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0301/01/lkl.00.html)
Larry King Live: Interview With Julie Nixon Eisenhower
Aired January 1, 2003 - 21:00 ET
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
RICHARD M. NIXON, FORMER PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: We have come along way to be here today, 16,000 miles. And many things have occurred on this trip have made me realize it was worth coming.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
LARRY KING, HOST: Tonight former President Nixon's daughter Julie Nixon Eisenhower in a rare indepth interview about her fathers legacy. And she has brought some never before seen footage of her dad too.
Julie Nixon Eisenhower for the hour next on LARRY KING LIVE.
Happy New Year. And it's a great pleasure -- what a way to kick off the year, with one of our old friends and a dear lady, Julie Nixon Eisenhower, Richard and Pat Nixon's younger daughter, married to David Eisenhower. That's a kind of familiar name in America, grandson of president Dwight David Eisenhower.
She is an author, a public speaker, mother of three. Gave us a guided tour of her father's brilliant library, down south of here in California.
It's always a great pleasure, and lots of things to talk about tonight, including China.
But first -- we must deal with first things first. What was the -- what was that thing, you and your sister? Clear it up for us.
JULIE NIXON EISENHOWER, DAUGHTER OF FORMER PRESIDENT RICHARD M. NIXON: Well, Larry, we had a disagreement and I think that when you're in the public eye, whenever you have any little minor or even a more significant disagreement, sometimes it can be blown out of proportion.
KING: Was that blown out of proportion?
EISENHOWER: It really was. It's completely resolved. I was with Tricia three days ago in Philadelphia. She's going to be joining me in a few days in Yorba Linda to open this new China exhibit at the Nixon Library. And I'm just so glad it's behind us. We have...
KING: What is the position on... EISENHOWER: Sometimes brothers and sisters don't agree and that's it.
KING: What a shock that is. Well, what is the position of each sister at the library? What's your -- each role?
EISENHOWER: Well, we're both on the board and sort of stalwarts in getting programming, good programming, going. And bringing speakers -- and you spoke; you were fantastic.
KING: Thank you.
EISENHOWER: You were very funny, very funny. About a year ago.
And we help think of exhibit ideas and just, you know...
KING: Was it philosophical? Different...
EISENHOWER: The differences? You know, I really don't even want to go into it, just to say that...
KING: You don't have to.
EISENHOWER: ... it's all -- it's done and -- There is one thing, though, that I think is -- would be helpful to explain. When you have a parent who's president, your parent belongs to history. But it's still your dad, and you have very strong feelings about how you remember him or how you want him remembered.
And lots of times, the family may not agree, and I -- to give you an example, Senator Inouye, who is from Hawaii, was on the Roosevelt Presidential Commission, and he was -- his job was to help design a tribute to the president from the nation. And it took 40 years.
KING: Forty years.
EISENHOWER: And just because the family couldn't agree.
KING: There was a real argument as to whether to put it in a wheelchair.
EISENHOWER: Right. And 20 years ago, one side of the family had it all laid out, it was going to be this memorial. And another faction in the family said they didn't like it, and so it took another 20 years.
So sometimes you could be very close in a family, you could have a difference of opinion, and I want to say it's done, it's over and...
KING: Do you equally operate the library? Is that your role? I mean, there's a director...
EISENHOWER: The director, John Taylor, obviously.
KING: This is not a federal library, by the way. This should be understood, right? This is not taxed for this (ph). EISENHOWER: There are 10 presidential libraries, and we're the eleventh. And because of the way my father left office, with the resignation, Congress seized his papers and tapes and so they run the presidential materials in Washington, and we run Yorba Linda, the post-presidential, his nine books and six trips to China, all that.
And the Senate has the vice presidential years. We have all those documents.
The good news is that I just was with Gerry Ford, who is now 89. I don't know if he's been on the show recently, but he is...
KING: Recently....
EISENHOWER: He's amazing -- total -- He's just so with it. And he's such a decent and wonderful human being. And he -- my dad and he were very good friends. They started out in Congress together.
And he told me he's going to make it one of the last goals of his life to bring the Nixon Library into the federal system. Not because we need the money and have to have it, because we're doing fine. We've been very entrepreneurial. We don't receive the $2 million a year the other libraries do. But because my father shouldn't be outside the system.
KING: And if he's in the system, then the papers will go to the library, won't they?
EISENHOWER: Right. And then when researchers look at the life of Richard Nixon, they'll start right there in the little house he was born in and they can go through all of the papers, right on the same -- at the same place, as they do in other presidential libraries.
KING: When the argument was going on, or the disagreement was going on, was it difficult to have it reported in the press? Was that hard for you? I mean...
EISENHOWER: I think it's one of the worse things I've ever gone through in my life.
KING: Really?
EISENHOWER: Because my sister and I have always been so close, and...
KING: And he loved you both.
EISENHOWER: Absolutely. He was the best father in the world. He and my mother were just the most wonderful parents, and so all I can say is that we've both come to our senses. We're back.
KING: Did you give a little, each?
EISENHOWER: We certainly did. We did, and that's part of life.
KING: One of the toughest parts in families, when there is a disagreement, there's usually -- where you don't speak for awhile, having observed these.
EISENHOWER: Right.
KING: And when you don't speak for awhile, those are the toughest times. Because sisters are joined at the hip, aren't they?
EISENHOWER: They are. And we had -- it certainly was exaggerated that we didn't speak for years, but we were not as close as we had been. But we're now back working together, and everything's fine.
KING: Who runs the library?
EISENHOWER: We have a board of directors, which my sister and I sit on, and a dynamic man named John Taylor who was my dad's personal aide for 10 years before his death.
KING: Nice guy.
EISENHOWER: Yes. So he's -- he's the one who's kind of in charge.
KING: Now did the late Beazy Ribosa (ph), did he leave money for the library?
EISENHOWER: He did. Beazy (ph) was...
KING: I knew Beazy (ph) very well.
EISENHOWER: You knew Beazy (ph), and...
KING: Beazy (ph) introduced me to your father.
EISENHOWER: The wonderful thing about Beazy (ph) was that he -- he was a humanitarian. He left half his money to the Boys and Girls Club of Miami and half to the Nixon Library.
And the neat thing about that is that Beazy (ph) was on the Boys Club of Miami board from the 1930s, and during the Depression some weeks, the club could not meet its payroll. And Beazy (ph) would just quietly meet the payroll. And he just loved helping those young kids.
And so, when he died, he gave half his money to the library and half to the Boys Club.
KING: And then he set certain stipulations about the library. Was that...
EISENHOWER: Can we not get into that?
KING: I'm sorry. I just want to know...
EISENHOWER: Things are complicated. The board...
KING: How was it resolved? EISENHOWER: It's just resolved that the money is now at the library, and my sister and I are both happy with the way it's going to be spent and invested.
KING: When it finally was ironed out, what was the conversation like when you -- it was settled? You know, were you together, was it on the phone?
EISENHOWER: We were together. Actually, we went up to my room. We were in Miami at a mediation. We went up to my room, we took our shoes off and we both lay down on the bed.
KING: And that was settled?
EISENHOWER: Yes. And we just had a wonderful talk, and I think we both looked at each other and said, "How did this ever get to this path?" And that was it.
KING: If your father were living, he would have said, now, they're -- even my daughters they're after, right?
Nixon and the press had a remarkable intertwining, had they not?
EISENHOWER: They have. They...
KING: Love/hate. Mostly hate, lot of love. Sometimes a gross amount of hate.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: I want you to know -- just how much your are going to missing. You don't have Nixon to kick around any more.
DAN RATHER, CBS NEWS: Dan Rather with CBS News.
NIXON: Will you be running for something?
RATHER: No, sir. Mr. President are you?
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
EISENHOWER: He seems to have been kind of at the center of a lot of passions, particularly the Vietnam War. To be president during Vietnam, that was...
KING: And every time you've described him to us, you describe him as loving, caring, intimate, friendly, very affectionate. Something -- was that something he didn't show us, didn't want to show us?
EISENHOWER: I think he showed it. I mean, he's the only man in history other than Roosevelt to be elected five times. And he was good with people. Maybe he was stiff, a little stiff as far as body language, but out on the stump and the way he could talk to people directly. He remembers names; that's something I can't do.
KING: He was a great one-on-one interview.
EISENHOWER: He was fantastic, yes. And he loved coming on your show. He enjoyed it.
KING: One of the last things he did for -- was book an appearance.
EISENHOWER: Right.
KING: I saw it on a calendar at the library. He wrote LARRY KING LIVE for a certain date.
EISENHOWER: And we have that out there at the library.
KING: When he had that -- the final cause of death was a stroke?
EISENHOWER: Was a stroke, right. He -- but the great thing about his life, he went out just like Gerald Ford, peak of his intelligence. No slowing down.
KING: No, he had wit.
EISENHOWER: He was fun to be with. He was following everything, and the presidents after he left office were good in the sense that they consulted with him, some a little more than others. But it made him feel useful, traveling. You know, he went to China six times.
KING: Russia.
EISENHOWER: Russia.
KING: Got friendly with Governor Cuomo.
EISENHOWER: That was a story. That was a good one. Right, right.
KING: A solid friendship, yes.
Were you with him, at his death?
EISENHOWER: Yes, my sister and I were both there, and it was very peaceful. And he was fighting to the end, and he couldn't speak but, you know, he was squeezing my hand. At the very end, he gave me his thumbs-up.
KING: Really?
EISENHOWER: Yes.
KING: Lots to talk about with Julie Nixon Eisenhower. We're going to talk about Beijing and the Eisenhowers and the Nixons. Don't go away.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
KING: I remember when Adlai Stevenson in 1956, in that campaign, called for recognition of Red China and I think you lambasted him. That was pinko and he was way off in left field. And then few years later who opens the doors but Richard Nixon.
Were those two Nixons?
NIXON: No, those were two different China's. Adlai Stevenson was wrong in 1956. That would have been the wrong time to recognize China, because China at that time was in an aggressive stage. It was trying to export communism all over Southeast Asia and into Africa. Competing with the Soviet Union, as matter of fact, in that respect, as it finally turned out. At the time that I went to China, China had finally turned inwards. It no longer posed a threat to us externally.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
UNIDENTIFIED MALE (through translator): (UNINTELLIGIBLE) that 10 years age that he climbed up to that top.
NIXON: Well, he did? Well, lets go today.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE (through translator): I can't do it now. I do not agree.
NIXON: Neither can I.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
KING: Tell me about what's going on with Beijing.
EISENHOWER: Well, this -- 2002 was the 30th anniversary of my father's historic trip, and so the library did a terrific exhibit of the history of the trip. And we opened it in Beijing, Tiananmen Square, at the Museum of Natural -- the Museum of Chinese History.
Then it went to Shanghai, Shanghai Library.
KING: Were you there for those things?
EISENHOWER: Yes. And then on January 9, it comes to Yorba Linda.
And what's fascinating about the exhibits are the documents, particularly. For example, there are exchanges between my father and J. Edgar Hoover where my father said, "We can't let Red China into the U.N."
And then you see his changing thinking. In 1965, he tells a business group, "China's going to be the most important industrial nation in the future. Do we want to make peace with them now? Or do we want to wait for 25 years and try to deal with them?"
KING: Before he was president? EISENHOWER: That's right.
And then in '67, he -- there was a famous quote from this article in "Foreign Affairs," where he said, "It would be a disastrous foreign policy to leave one billion of the world's ablest people outside of the family of nations."
KING: Well, he has a reputation as a staunch conservative, but he was, in fact, a pragmatic moderate, wasn't he? I mean, if you look...
EISENHOWER: Yes, yes.
KING: ... at his judicial appointments, the opening to China.
EISENHOWER: He was.
KING: How was it received within China?
EISENHOWER: We were thrilled with the reception in China. President Jiang Zemin sent a videotaped message, and George W. Bush, with all he had going on, he was very gracious. He also sent a message.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
GEORGE W. BUSH, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: When Air Force One arrived in China on February 21, 1972, it was an end of a long flight and a beginning of a new journey.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
EISENHOWER: And of course the Chinese played that on nation telivision. And not only -- we had a marvelous film made by the Reader's Digest Foundation about the trip 30 years ago, the scene in Beijing. You know, today in Beijing, the streets are 10 lanes of traffic. When I was there, shortly after my father's trip, there were maybe just a few military vehicles, a couple Jeeps, really no cars. People were on bicycles.
The changes are so dramatic.
KING: We should tell our viewers that may be on the young side how historic that trip was. You know, people forget. China was a hated word in America.
EISENHOWER: It was. And the Chinese were -- had been so isolated. For 25 years, they were just cut off from the rest of the world. And of course, today China's growth -- economic growth is an 8 percent rate...
KING: I do recall having Kissinger go there, advance trips. And this all-seeing, all-knowing press not seeing and not knowing.
EISENHOWER: They had an elaborate scheme where they were working to Pakistan behind the scenes. And, of course, the most famous trip was when Kissinger went to Pakistan on business, supposed business. He got the stomach flu, right? Not really. And they snuck him out of Pakistan to Beijing for these secret meetings.
But see, even Mao couldn't let his people know these meetings were going on, because he was dealing with the radicals, the Red Guard.
KING: Who would have assasinated him.
EISENHOWER: Who, that year, in 1971, that the announcement that my father would go to China were calling a gangster with blood dripping from his sores. Those were the typical words used to describe the American president.
In fact, my uncle was in China last year, and he spoke with a former mayor -- the former mayor of Shanghai. And he said, "There were two things in my life I thought I'd never see. Man landing on the moon and an American president in China. And of the two, the second was the more difficult."
KING: And he pulled it off during the Vietnam fracas.
EISENHOWER: During Vietnam, when everyone said, "Well, China is supporting North Vietnam. They don't want to talk to America."
And it was sort of just this Washington-think thinking, old-time thinking that China and Russia were joined at the hip, this monolithic Communist block.
KING: Well, that used to be...
EISENHOWER: Whereas my father realized that there were two entities there; they could be broken apart.
KING: Play one against the other one.
EISENHOWER: And what was fascinating was that three days after the announcement that he would go to -- my father would go to Beijing, the Soviets agreed to come to the table for SALT, the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. So it got them off the center.
KING: Well, when your father was planning all this, you were where? You were how old?
EISENHOWER: I was 22, and I wasn't exactly in on all the know, but I was in the White House a lot for all the exciting things that were happening.
KING: You were there when he announced it? I remember that day.
EISENHOWER: No, I watched it on television. I think it was a three-minute announcement.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: Knowing of President Nixon's express desire to visit the People's Republic of China. (UNINTELLIGIBLE) on behave of the government of the People's Republic of China has extended an invitation to President Nixon to visit China, at an appropriate date before May 1972.
President Nixon has accepted the invitation with pleasure.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
KING: That's all it was?
EISENHOWER: Yes. Three minutes.
KING: Nine o'clock, prior to...
EISENHOWER: You remember that?
KING: Yes. No advance warning. In fact, there were no warnings as to what he was going to say.
EISENHOWER: Yes.
KING: Now you always get an advanced summary.
EISENHOWER: That's right. Yes.
KING: The president will speak tonight at 9. He's going to fight for the food bill.
EISENHOWER: Exactly.
KING: I am going to China, and end of story. People were -- I mean, the stories were incredible.
EISENHOWER: That's right, it was -- and the vying among the press corps to get on that trip was amazing. In fact, in this old film that we show in -- along with the exhibit, there's Barbara Walters looking very different.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
QUESTION: Do you have any plans to other things you might be doing this week.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Well, I hope to do a great many things. And we are planning them as we go along. I am going to go to the children's hospital and to see some of the sites of the city. Also the glass factory to a commune tomorrow. So it's going to be a very exciting week.
QUESTION: With the night time activities you don't have much time to sleep.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I don't want to sleep when I am on a trip as fascinating as this.
QUESTION: (OFF-MIKE) ... 30 years ago not that you didn't want the traffic, but just the different styles of the hair and all. Right there will my mother at the commune and with the pigs and all the things...
(END VIDEO CLIP)
KING: On January 9, next week, Julie and Tricia will be on hand for the opening of this "Journey to Peace" exhibit. January 9 is the 90th anniversary of Richard Nixon's birth. He'd have been 90 years old this January 9.
Now, a film narrated by Julie will feature never before seen footage of the Nixon trip. What are we going to see in that film?
EISENHOWER: Well, you're going to see my father walking through the plane and joking with people on the way over. And there's this one shot of the pilot saying, "Shanghai, Shanghai. Come in, this is Air Force One."
You know, in a sense it was this journey to the unknown. No one -- so few Westerners had been in the -- in China in the last 20 -- the 25 previous years that it was this idea that they were going to uncharted territory. There was really a lot of unknowns about the trip.
KING: We'll be right back with Julie Nixon Eisenhower. This -- How long will the exhibit be at the Nixon Library?
EISENHOWER: I think six months.
KING: We'll be back with more right after this. Don't go away.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: And one stand there and see the Wall going to the heap of this mountain and realizes it runs for hundreds of miles, as matter of fact, thousands of miles over the mountains and though the valleys of this country. That it was built over 2,000 years ago. I think that you have to conclude that this is a great wall and it had to be built by a great people. It is certainly a symbol of what China in the past has been and what China in the future can become. A people that could build a wall like this certainly a great past to be proud of. And a people that have this kind of a past must also have a great future.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: Dr. Kissinger complains. He says he doesn't get enough to eat.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: There was a two hour period this afternoon that you didn't feed me.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I gave you peanuts.
(END VIDEO CLIP) KING: This exhibit, which opens on Jan. 9, you'll see original documents and rare photos and life-sized statues of Nixon and Zhou Enlai at the moment of their first hand shake at the airport.
EISENHOWER: That's right. My father was absolutely determined to erase the bad feelings from 1954 when John Foster Dulles refused to shake Enlai's hand at the Geneva summit.
And so, if you look at the film, even before his feet touched Chinese soil, he had his hand out. He was going to -- and Zhou Enlai's words, in fact I met with his interpreter on my last visit to China, and he was standing right next to Zhou Enlai, and he said -- I said, "What did the two men say?" And this interpreter said, "The premiere said, 'Your handshake comes across the vastest ocean, 25 years of no communication.'"
And another interpreter told me a very interesting story. Nancy Peng. Do you remember Nancy from the trip? She had the little Dutch boy hairdo? And she was Mao's interpreter. Well, she said that Mao was very ill the day my father arrived in Beijing. And he had a high fever, but he knew that if he didn't meet with the president, all the press would say, you know, they'd read so much into it. That this trip wouldn't fail, that there's no communique. And so Mao was kind of propped up and he was able to meet with my father.
Now, at the time my father didn't know that Mao was sick. All he knew was that Zhou Enlai kept looking at his watch and sort of hinting, don't stay too long. And so he thought, well, Mao's tired. But instead, he was really very ill.
KING: Your father told me that he rather liked Zhou Enlai.
EISENHOWER: He was a brilliant man. My mother liked him very much, too. He was -- He was just an extraordinary thinker and I think that when they talked to him, you couldn't help but feel you were in the presence of a man who really knew the world and...
KING: Would that trip have to be called a resounding success, based on world events? It would have to be, wouldn't it?
EISENHOWER: There's a wonderful quote from Pearl Buck, the great -- well, the writer, the novelist and Nobel Laureate. And she said, "When the history of the 20th Century is written, there will be one sentence about the United States. Nixon went to China." I mean, that's how important she thought the trip was. It was a very important trip. It did change things.
KING: When was the first time you went?
EISENHOWER: My first trip was in New Year's -- I spent New Year's Eve with Mao. Yes, I did. David and I did.
KING: Does the National Enquirer know of this?
EISENHOWER: They certainly do. We were guests of the Chinese government, and we'd been in China a couple days, and we went to a banquet. And we went back up to our room, and all of a sudden there was a knock on the door. I'd actually -- I had my nightgown on. I was getting ready for bed. And this very excited official said, "Oh, Chairman Mao wants to see you."
So I pulled on the fastest thing I could get. It was a dress that was sort of a jersey that you just put over your head; it had no buttons. Because it seemed rather urgent. So we rushed downstairs. I had this dress on, this jersey.
And we went to the Forbidden City and the Chinese government had all these lights trained on the car. As you drove in, they had these bright lights. And we went in, and to meet with Mao, we passed through a room with a darkened room with a ping-pong table in it. Interesting.
Then into his study, which was just crammed with books and scrolls. And we spent over an hour with Chairman Mao. And I handed him a letter that my father had sent, a hand written letter. And it was an amazing New Year's Eve.
KING: You sent a part of history, from your father to the Chairman. And what was that like for you?
EISENHOWER: It was...
KING: The ping-pong table must have symbolized that they were the best in the world.
EISENHOWER: That's right.
It was just one of those moments where it's -- you have a name and it's something you could never do otherwise, and we were very much aware that...
KING: What was he like?
EISENHOWER: Mao was -- he was big -- he'd had several strokes and that was obvious.
It was -- he had three interpreters, three young women, all attractive. One was Nancy Peng, again the Brooklyn-born and educated -- American educated interpreter. And the chairman would say something, and the three interpreters had notebooks. They'd write it down. And then they would consult. Because when you have a stroke, your speech is garbled. And then they would say in English what they thought the Chairman had said.
And if they were wrong -- he really, he understood English. He would correct them. No, no, no, no. Or whatever the Chinese word is for no. And then they would re-consult and say it correctly.
So he was on top of things, even though he died a couple months later. In fact, we were the second to last Americans to see Mao. My father was the last American to meet with the Chairman Mao. KING: What did your father say to you when you got back?
EISENHOWER: From the first trip?
KING: Yes.
EISENHOWER: He was in a rather happy mood, and we had a family dinner. We said we're celebrating my sister's birthday, because her birthday is Feb. 21, the day my father arrived in China. So had a sort of a late birthday celebration.
And my father had brought back these bottles of Mao tai (ph).
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: Tonight I will (UNINTELLIGIBLE) for Mao Tai.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
EISENHOWER: Do you know what that stuff is? It's 100 percent proof, or 99 or something...
KING: Watch out.
EISENHOWER: Completely. And so they're in these white bottles and so he has this bottle of Mao Tai (ph) at the table, and he says, "I want to show you girls how strong this stuff is." And he poured some into a saucer. Then he gets some matches. He throws the match. We had a little mini-fire on the dining room table. My mother was not a happy camper. You know, the flames were going up. He wanted to show his daughters about the Mao Tai (ph).
KING: What's China's view of your father?
EISENHOWER: He is considered an old friend. That's the word they use for him, and...
KING: Really?
EISENHOWER: ... his name is known in China everywhere. The...
KING: His picture is known?
EISENHOWER: His picture is known. And he's respected; he's respected very highly, because the Chinese came into the modern world as a result of his trip.
KING: I wonder if they named anything after him?
EISENHOWER: I doubt it. I don't think so. I don't think so. But they certainly were happy to have the exhibit, which was wonderful. In Tiananmen Square, right next to Mao's tomb.
KING: Was it well attended?
EISENHOWER: I think it was well attended, and in connection with it, we had three hours of television who people who were actually involved in the original trip from '72, including this woman who served my parents in the guest house. And she said that she taught my father to use chopsticks, so I asked her on the national -- on their national television show, I said, "Well, how did he do?"
And she said, "Oh, well, he improved." In other words, I think he was a little clumsy with the chopsticks, which was very diplomatic, "he improved."
KING: This exhibit opens on the 9th.
EISENHOWER: On the 9th.
KING: It's for six months.
EISENHOWER: Right.
KING: Public invited, of course. The Nixon Library.
We'll take a break. When we come back lots more to talk about with Julie Nixon Eisenhower as we enter 2003. One of the historic beginnings will be this exhibit as the Nixon Library.
I am Larry King with Julie Eisenhower. Don't go away we will be right back.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: I want to express my appreciation to my Chinese voice. To Mrs. Chung. I listen to her translation. She got every word right.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
KING: We're back with Julie Nixon Eisenhower. What are your memories of the holiday season at the White House?
EISENHOWER: Lots of happy memories. The one holiday that stands out the most was 1971. Do you remember what happened sports-wise in '71. Football? Ring any bells?
KING: Well, let's see. Miami Dolphins.
EISENHOWER: No, I wasn't thinking of that. I wouldn't know that.
But the NFL had a Christmas Day game that -- they almost never do games on Christmas.
KING: That's right.
EISENHOWER: This was a huge shock.
KING: Wait a minute. Come on. It was the night the Dolphins played.
EISENHOWER: Well, anyway...
KING: We played Kansas City and we beat them in overtime, two overtimes, Garrot (ph) kicked the field goal. Zanka ran for 90 yards. I remember it.
EISENHOWER: And suddenly, when this was unheard of...
KING: Other than that, I don't remember it. That's right. It was Christmas Day.
EISENHOWER: All right.
Well, Mamie Eisenhower was our guest, and Tricia's family, or the Cox family, were there, and the Eisenhower family. Well, Mamie, you could imagine. This was sacrilege. All the guys want to leave this wonderful, warm family gathering and go down and watch NFL football. I mean, this was a real, you know, fire point, testing moment in the family.
KING: What did you father do?
EISENHOWER: Well, what he did is, of course they watched the football, as you can imagine. But he tried to be very lighthearted and so he said to his, to the men guests like David's father John and Howard Cox, Tricia's father-in-law, "Well, let's get comfortable for the game." So he goes in his closet and he comes out with the worst looking smoking jackets that had been given to him. One had blue elephants on it.
And of course, you hand it to your guests, my father-in-law, and he's, "Here, John, why don't you put this on and be comfortable." So he's decked out in blue elephants. My father was wearing a velvet smoking jacket and I think Howard Cox was with a more conservative maroon. But that was the scene at the White House.
And I remember that Christmas, also, because we thought my father needed to be teased a bit, so we had been watching commercials. And that was the year that blow dryers for men came in. Of course, you know my dad used Bryl Creem, or whatever it is.
KING: Yes, I know.
EISENHOWER: And Ronald Reagan.
KING: Little dab will do.
EISENHOWER: A little dab will do you. So we gave my father a blow dryer for Christmas. Of course, he opened it and didn't know what it was. We explained.
And we also gave him a recording of Jingle Bells barked by dogs, because...
KING: That was a big hit that year. EISENHOWER: It was. Woof, woof, woof.
KING: I remember that.
(CROSSTALK)
KING: I love that song.
EISENHOWER: Exactly. Well, that's what we did that year.
KING: Did he like that record?
EISENHOWER: He loved it. He was a dog lover, and we were kind of teasing him.
KING: By the way, that was imminent before going to China.
EISENHOWER: Yes, that was the Christmas before that.
KING: He went in February.
EISENHOWER: That's right. So it was two months away.
KING: Two months away. He knew something was coming.
EISENHOWER: Well, he made the announcement in July. So we all knew he was going.
KING: He was getting ready to go?
EISENHOWER: And so he needed a blow dryer in China, right?
KING: Did it work when you plugged it in?
Did you like life in the White House or not? Some kids hated it.
EISENHOWER: It was an experience I'll never -- could never have again. And every day was incredible. You woke up and you couldn't believe that the mirror in the family elevator had belonged to George Washington. And you got sort of chills every time you walked into the Lincoln Bedroom and saw the bed that Mary Todd Lincoln got for her husband.
It's an incredible place of history, but it's not an easy place to live. When it came to the end, I certainly never looked back. You know, I don't think you miss it, ever. Particularly because you're guarded by Secret Service.
KING: Elliot Roosevelt told me once that, given the choice, he'd rather not have been a part of it, as a son. How did -- what about the media scrutiny? How did you deal with that?
EISENHOWER: You just...
KING: They always want to know about the Nixon girls.
EISENHOWER: They want to know about everything.
KING: Who could forget your sister's wedding?
EISENHOWER: I hope you don't forget, because you can get married at the Nixon Library under her gazebo. So please, don't forget.
KING: That's right. You have the gazebo at the library.
EISENHOWER: One thing that's positive, and I have to compliment the press, they are giving -- they gave Chelsea Clinton and they're giving the Bush daughters a lot more privacy. It's sort of the Prince William model that's being used in England, where after Diana died, the queen said, "Please, let these boys, at least until they reach the majority, have some privacy."
And the American press is doing that with the Bush twins and...
KING: We'll be back with our remain moments with Julie Nixon Eisenhower. Don't forget the exhibit, the wonderful exhibit, at the Nixon Library in (UNINTELLIGIBLE) on January 9. We'll be right back.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: Some point. I don't think we.
(CROSSTALK)
NIXON: They will be very unimpressed.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: As you know, I will soon be visiting the peoples Republic of China and the Soviet Union. I go there with no illusions, we have great differences with both powers. We will continue to have great differences. But peace depends on the abilities of great powers to live together on the same planet despite there differences. We would not be true to our obligations to generations yet unborn if we failed to seized the moment on our part to insure, that we will be able to talk about those differences rather then fight about them in future.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
KING: How do you think your father's going to be remembered? Historians told a story, as your father said to me once, they'll tell the story.
EISENHOWER: I don't know how he will be remembered, but I do know that the presidency was significant. It was -- it was the beginning, you know, laying the groundwork for the end of the Cold War, ending Vietnam, Environmental Protection Agency, all those things. It was a significant time in our nation's history. Desegregation of the Southern schools. When he came into office, 80 percent were all-black; when he left, 20 percent.
Lots of things were happening. So he'll be judged on many things.
KING: Was there ever a kidnapping attempt?
EISENHOWER: Yes, there were death threats and...
KING: I assumed that but didn't know.
EISENHOWER: Yes, and also don't you remember the blind sheikh in New York? In 1993.
KING: He had a plan to kidnap your father?
EISENHOWER: And Kissinger. That was all -- that all came out during the trial.
KING: If you had those two in the same room for a month, you'd give them back in a week. Right?
EISENHOWER: No comment, no comment.
KING: They'd drive you nuts. Come on. They'd drive you nuts together, right?
EISENHOWER: They would both be giving several theories on the world.
KING: You take that seriously?
EISENHOWER: Do I take death threats...?
KING: The kidnapping.
EISENHOWER: I think people in public office have to be careful, but I hope also that our president isn't kept away from the people. Because I hope we never get to the point where you can't interact freely.
KING: We've hidden the vice president at five different times.
EISENHOWER: Well, that's different because -- that's all right to do because he's the more ceremonial job and that's prudent. He's still out with people, but at certain moments of terror or danger, I guess, it's fine.
But for the president himself, he has to remain with the people. That's an important line President Bush is walking.
KING: How do you think he would deal with this war on terrorism?
EISENHOWER: I have no idea how he would... KING: No surmise?
EISENHOWER: Just that -- it seems that we're -- I think the encouraging thing about the war on terrorism happened within the first month of 9/11. Apparently, 2,000 important operatives were rounded up are now are in Guantanamo Bay.
KING: Still there.
EISENHOWER: I think that's very significant. We don't focus enough on that. We can't be complacent, but to have gotten that many rounded up, I think it decimated the networks. And so hopefully, with all the new intelligence, we can keep it under control.
KING: It hasn't become yesterday's news, though, hasn't it?
EISENHOWER: What?
KING: Guantanamo is, like, forgotten. I mean, it's not covered much.
EISENHOWER: No. And that is not to say there are not threats out there, but that was a great feat of American intelligence, to get those people.
KING: What are your fears, thoughts, wishes, desires about Iraq?
EISENHOWER: Just that any action that we take, it goes as smoothly as it did in the first Gulf War. That was a text book case of air power. I think we only lost 100 people, and some to friendly fire. It was contained. Americans' military expertise in the air is just incredible.
Apparently, Larry, I was talking to a general who -- an Air Force general who explained that in the 10 years since the last war, we can -- we don't even have to be worried with weather. We now have the technology to do anything we want, any time. Before we were hampered when the weather was poor, but apparently now the precision bombing is even more accurate, and weather's less of a factor. So...
KING: You've been overseas, and what -- lately there are stories that feelings toward America have never been worse, in almost friendly places, Canada and Australia.
EISENHOWER: Right. Our son just spent a semester in Australia, and one night he called me and he said, "Mom, why do -- I can't -- I've just been stunned by the amount of talk I hear of not liking Americans."
The -- we're going through a period where that happens, and I think it's periodic. It's -- certainly during Vietnam we had, you know, a lot of our allies, our erstwhile allies, didn't want to support America.
That happens when you have a powerful country.
KING: Do you think it's because we're the only superpower?
EISENHOWER: Well...
KING: Yet the only...
EISENHOWER: You know as well as I do, sure, that's...
KING: And when you're the only, you're a monopoly.
EISENHOWER: That's right.
KING: Nobody likes them.
EISENHOWER: And really, that's why Colin Powell has done such a miracle job at the U.N., to turn that 15 votes, now, for America. I think that's very significant.
KING: That's -- your father was spat upon, was he not and nearly attacked in where, Venezuela?
EISENHOWER: In Venezuela, in -- when he was there in '58. He was almost killed. His car was rocked; all the windows were broken on it but one. They had baseball bats and clubs, and he was almost killed then.
So there's always an anti-American feeling. There will be as long as we are the superpower.
KING: Your father gave up Secret Service protection, right?
EISENHOWER: He did. I think he -- he just felt he didn't need it. So he gave it up in 1984, '85. I think. Yes, '85.
KING: He had his own? He had his own?
EISENHOWER: He hired off-duty New Jersey, or New York -- and just for when he traveled. But, like, when he'd come to visit us he was completely alone. He'd go into the grocery store with me, restaurants.
And Larry, what's wonderful about him is he never had an incident. You know, he'd go in to walk the streets of New York. And in eight years, he never had anybody walk up to him and say, "Hey, I didn't like what you did here or there."
KING: Like the ballgames?
EISENHOWER: Oh, he did.
KING: And stayed through the ninth inning?
EISENHOWER: He certainly did, yes.
KING: He was a true baseball fanatic.
EISENHOWER: Oh, he loved it. In fact, one of the things we sent to China for this Nixon Library exhibit was a transistor radio, and the label on it says, "President Nixon was a big sports fan. And he listened to games on this radio."
So Larry, they were thinking of you.
KING: He always told me, "I stayed till the ninth inning."
EISENHOWER: That's right.
KING: Kept score.
EISENHOWER: Yes.
KING: We'll be back with more of Julie Nixon Eisenhower. Happy New Year. Don't go away.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Twelve before eight.
NIXON: Twelve before eight. Your that close 12 minutes before eight.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I am shocked.
NIXON: That's a chief protocol always by the minute. You run things so well so.
All of you people are just, well. Everything is (UNINTELLIGIBLE) well organized and on time and we appreciate it very much. We hope we are not much trouble to you.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
NIXON: Our two peoples tonight hold the future of the world in our hands. If we can find the common ground on which we can both stand where we can build the bridge between us and build a new world. Generations in the years ahead will look back and thanks for this meeting that we have held in this past week.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
KING: We're back with Julie Nixon Eisenhower. Other than not having his papers, are there other difficulties to not being part of the federal library system?
EISENHOWER: It's really the principle of it.
KING: You have to treat your own grounds, right?
EISENHOWER: Right. We pay for everything. But, Larry, we're the American enterprise success story, because we've been running for 12 years with no federal funds. And that means we do everything from having bar mitzvahs to weddings on our grounds, and it's wonderful. It's great. I don't object to that.
We're very entrepreneurial. We have all kinds of speakers. For example, when Jesse Ventura came, it was fun. It was just the week that his memoirs came out, and do you remember memoirs said he didn't like to wear underwear?
So anyway, that's the day before he's due at the library. Well, you know, it's kind of a conservative group that comes to these book lectures and all...
KING: I would say.
EISENHOWER: So this is the big news story, and so the director sent out a memo to all the staff saying, "By the way, this will be a no-underwear day."
So we try to have fun at the library.
KING: And also amazing is that -- well, maybe amazing is the wrong word. It's the most open library. I mean, everything about Watergate was in that library.
EISENHOWER: Our critics don't think enough is...
KING: Oh, really?
EISENHOWER: ... but we have everything new? We do.
Though I have to tell you one thing, Larry. One of my father's friends made a suggestion for the Watergate gallery, which is the largest gallery in the library, so there's a lot there, to make it kind of dark so that you kind of want to move on. I mean, if you want to stand there in the dark and read the panels, you can. But you really kind of want to move yourself along.
KING: Let's get past it.
EISENHOWER: I'm really giving a few secrets out, but anyway.
KING: What about this movie bit?
EISENHOWER: Our daughter Jenny, she's an aspiring actress -- well, she is an actress. She's actually just starring in "A Secret Garden." She plays Lily.
And she had a great break where she got a very small role. I mean, if you blink you might miss her, but it's in the new Julia Roberts movie, "Mona Lisa Smiles." And it was a thrill to be in the movie, and the neat thing is that Jenny said Julia Roberts is just what she appears on screen.
KING: Terrific.
EISENHOWER: She's nice, she's funny, she's great with everybody. And it was just a fun thing to be involved with.
KING: Your grandfather would have been proud.
EISENHOWER: He would.
KING: Her grandfather would have been proud.
EISENHOWER: Right. She's -- she loves to perform. She loves to sing.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: In honor of moms birthday. The Eisenhower sisters will proform for us.
(SINGING)
(END VIDEO CLIP)
KING: It must be weird, being a Nixon and an Eisenhower, two names that are a main, controlling part of the 20th Century.
EISENHOWER: Aren't they? And I think the way our children have dealt with it is that they sort of have steered away from politics. I don't think you'll see any of the three in political life. Maybe just too much having both, both side.
Memory's good. I mean, the Eisenhower men's name is really getting dim. I have to sign my name every time I go somewhere, and nobody knows Camp David was named for David Eisenhower. Right?
KING: They don't. Your husband.
EISENHOWER: Right. And the Bush family, they're funny about it. They keep threatening, they keep telling David and me that they're going to change the name of Camp David to Camp Marvin and do we mind? Marvin is Marvin Bush, the president's brother. We say go for it, that's great.
So if it's Camp Marvin next year, don't be surprised.
KING: You get along well with the Bushes?
EISENHOWER: I really respect and like the family very, very much. They're terrific.
KING: Do you still follow the political game?
EISENHOWER: I followed it -- I love all the political games. And David always has an excuse to stay up all night on election night, so we're up all night and we're tabulating everything. Oh yes, we watch it very intently.
KING: That's right out of your father, because he was.
EISENHOWER: Yes, he loved -- he loved to do that, too. KING: He loved the whole game of it.
EISENHOWER: He did. And he loved our democracy. I mean, this is an incredible country. And as we begin 2003, it's the place where all -- everyone wants to come.
KING: Do you have a lot of optimism about this country because...
EISENHOWER: I do, I do.
KING: ... it's easy to be a pessimist.
EISENHOWER: No. We have problems but we're addressing them. You know, we're -- and this is a great country. And this is the melting pot. It's an incredible grouping of people that are working and living together.
KING: Julia, it is always wonderful...
EISENHOWER: Wonderful to see you.
KING: Do well.
EISENHOWER: And Happy New Year.
KING: Thank you. See you shopping on Rodeo.
EISENHOWER: Hopefully, tomorrow.
KING: Still afternoons.
"Journeys to Peace" will commence for six months. It's already been seen in China, in Shanghai and in Beijing. It will be seen in Yorba Linda, California, at the Nixon Birthplace Museum, beginning on the 9th for six months.
I thank Julie Nixon Eisenhower for joining us. I know she joins me in wishing everybody a very happy New Year, and a healthy and safe one, as well.
We'll see you tomorrow night. Stay tuned for "NEWSNIGHT" and good night.
TO ORDER A VIDEO OF THIS TRANSCRIPT, PLEASE CALL 800-CNN-NEWS OR USE OUR SECURE ONLINE ORDER FORM LOCATED AT www.fdch.com
