每日电讯报记者博文：给中国警员的批评和赞许zz (转载)

[niyang]

[FONT=宋体]英国每日电讯报记者[/FONT]Peter Foster 2009[FONT=宋体]年[/FONT]7[FONT=宋体]月[/FONT]9[FONT=宋体]日[/FONT][FONT=宋体]的博文：《给中国警员的批评和赞许》[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　乌鲁木齐[/FONT][FONT=宋体]–[/FONT][FONT=宋体]自星期日首次发生暴力事件以来，正常生活的感觉第一次回到了这里[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]的街道上。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　今天早上[/FONT] 8 [FONT=宋体]点钟宵禁一结束，我就出门了。局势毫无疑问地感觉轻松多了—在路[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]面行驶的汽车多[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]了，有人在公园里打着太极拳，妇女们从菜市场带着新鲜的农产品归来。我甚至还看到[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]了一些遛狗的[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]人。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　警方的存在仍然非常醒目—直升飞机在头顶盘旋，长长的装甲运兵车队，高压水枪[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]和运载着准军事[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]警察（指武警）的卡车在城市里缓缓穿行。这些景象不断提醒着你，维持法律和秩序的[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]力量正随时准备[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]行动。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　这里对中国警察在此次危机中的表现说一句：依我所见，他们在极困难的形势下表[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]现了很高的纪律[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]性和专业性，为此应该实实在在地赞扬他们一番。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　而另一方面，可以说，警方在第一时间是失败了。这无疑是我们与之交谈过的许多[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]汉族人的看法。他[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]们对周日的杀戮未能被阻止感到深深的愤怒。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　警方似乎完全措手不及。他们驱散了周日晚[/FONT]6-8[FONT=宋体]点间发生在人民广场和南门附近的[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]第一次示威，却[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]没能预见到[/FONT]10[FONT=宋体]点半以后在小巷里的极端暴力。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　这可能是因为，乌鲁木齐不像喀什那样，是个总体上感觉稳定（我不太愿意使用“[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]和谐”这个词）的城[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]市，这里的维汉关系与新疆的其他地方不同。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　而到了星期二，警方似乎又一次没有就位。那时，警察们还一直将注意力放在确保[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]维族聚居区的稳[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]定上。此时，大批汉人手持棍棒和其他武器走上街头，对被他们称为嗜血的维族分子周[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]日对他们的屠杀[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]表示义愤，这似乎让警察手足无措。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　这些都是合理的批评。但中国警方和武警对后来发生的事态的处理，也值得大大表[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]扬。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　周二，警察们如履薄冰。他们既要直面汉族示威者，要在空气中弥漫着真正的血腥味[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]时把他们与维族[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]聚居区隔离开，又要让他们有机会发泄自己合理的愤怒和挫败感。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　在事件过程中，警方默许一群群的汉族人绕着大圈子来回走动，让他们在热辣辣的[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]太阳下面消耗气[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]力，但从未允许他们接触到那愤怒的对象。在我看来，这是非常聪明的警戒手段。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　后来，星期三，通过毫不掩饰地展示警力，他们确保了抗议的汉人基本上远离街道。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　此前周二的情况也是如此。当一群赛马场区的维族妇女和儿童领头开始抗议抓捕自[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]己家中的男人[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]后，警察制止了这次抗议。他们展示了警力，但就在事态可能即将变糟的一刹那，他们[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]明智地后退了几[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]百米。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　我不想自诩为防暴问题专家。但我曾在世界许多地方报道过群体抗议事件—如英国[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]（伦敦的足球流[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]氓骚乱）、非洲（哈拉雷和拉各斯）、巴基斯坦（拉合尔、卡拉奇和白沙瓦），以及印[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]度的几个城市。我可以[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]说，中国的警方展示了远远高于以上许多地方同行的专业素养、纪律和克制力。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　骚乱是狂热和不可控制的事情。只要警队中有一个新兵不慎大打出手，就能让已得[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]到控制的局势变[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]得不可收拾。而透过盔甲，你可以看到中国警队中的许多人都很年轻。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　因此，要无保留地称赞这些展示了极高专业素质的中国警察。应当为他们在周日晚间[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]的暴力发生之后[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]阻止了进一步流血而鼓掌。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　他们训练有素，在下岗时则安静有序。比方说，他们不像印度警察那样总是在饭后[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]拖着一条丢弃杂[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]物的尾巴。这些都是小事，但并非毫无影响，因为它们会左右警方给人的印象。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　如果要批评什么的话，正如前面提到的那样，应该批评那些未能预见到事态发展的[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]指挥员和警官。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　警方的下一个考验在于如何处置[/FONT]1400[FONT=宋体]多名被捕者，其中大多数是维族人。无辜者应[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]当不受伤害地[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]送回家中，而罪犯则必须得到惩罚。这个过程必须让维汉双方都得到满意的说法，而这[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]并非易事。[/FONT]

[FONT=宋体]　　说到这里，我很快要去伦敦休一个夏季假期。我的同事[/FONT]Malcolm Moore[FONT=宋体]将继续不断[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]地从上海和其[/FONT]
[FONT=宋体]他地方通过[/FONT]Twitter[FONT=宋体]和博客向你们通报中国新闻。[/FONT]

 

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关键词：警方在第一时间是失败了。

 

[CHRIS88]

For the first time since Sunday’s violence a sense of normality is returning to the streets here.
I went out this morning at 8am immediately after curfew was lifted and things were definitely feeling more relaxed – many more cars on the roads, people doing their tai-ji in the parks, women returning from the vegetable markets laden with fresh produce, even a few dog-walkers.
There is still a very visible police presence - helicopters circling overhead and massive convoys of armoured personnel carriers, water canons and trucks carrying paramilitary police winding slowly through the city as a constant reminder that the forces of law and order are ready to act at a moment’s notice.
A note on the performance of the Chinese police during this crisis: from what I’ve seen they have been highly disciplined and professional under extremely challenging circumstances and deserve real praise for this.
On the one hand, it could be argued that the police failed in the first instance. Certainly that is the view of many Han people we’ve spoken too who are deeply angry that Sunday’s killing was allowed to take place at all.
It seems that the police were taken completely by surprise. Having broken up the original demonstration around the People’s Square and the South Gate on Sunday night between 6pm and 8pm, they failed to anticipate the extreme violence that was unfolded along the side-streets after about 10.30pm.
Perhaps this was because Urumqi, unlike Kashgar, is generally felt to be a stable - I hesitate to use the ‘H’ word (harmonious) - city where relations between Uighur and Han are nothing like as tense as in other parts of Xinjiang.
Then on Tuesday, the police appeared to get caught out a second time when, having focussed on locking down the Uighur areas, they seemed unprepared for the huge number of Han who took to the streets with their clubs and other weapons to show their anger over what they say was effectively an anti-Han pogrom carried out by thuggish Uighur elements on Sunday night.
These are fair criticisms, but equally the Chinese police and paramilitaries must be given huge credit for handling the situations that did arise.
On Tuesday they walked a fine line between confronting the Han protesters - keeping them separate from the Uighur community at a time when there was a real sense of blood lust in the air - and allowing them they chance to vent their legitimate anger and frustration.
In the event, the Han crowds on Tuesday effectively were allowed to go round and round in circles, exhausting themselves in the hot sun while never actually being allowed to reach the objects of their anger. To my mind, this was very smart policing.
Then on Wednesday, after an overwhelming show of force, the police made sure that the Han protestors largely stayed off the streets.
Similarly on Tuesday when a crowd of Uighur women and children of the Sai Ma Chang (Racetrack) district led a protest against the arrest of their men, the police contained the protest - showing force, but judiciously withdrawing a few hundred metres just at the moment when it looked as if things might get nasty.
I don’t claim to be an expert in riot control, but I have reported on mass protests in many different cities around the world - in the UK (football riots in London), in Africa (Harare and Lagos), in Pakistan (Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar) and in several cities in India - and I’m happy to say that China’s police have showed far greater professionalism, discipline and restraint than I’ve observed in many of those places.
Riots are feverish and unpredictable things and it only takes one nervous recruit to lash out (and if you look behind the visors, many of the Chinese police are pretty young) and suddenly a controlled situation can turn very nasty indeed.
All credit to the Chinese foot-soldiers, therefore, who have shown great professionalism and must be applauded for preventing any major further bloodshed after Sunday night.
They are neatly turned out, quiet and orderly when off-duty - for example, they don’t leave a trail of litter after chow-time like India’s police always did. These are small things but they do matter, since they set the tone.
If there is any criticism to be made, as outlined in the two points above, it should be directed at the commanders and officials who failed to anticipate events.
The next test for the police is how they handle the cases of the 1,400 arrested people, mostly Uighurs. The innocent must be returned unharmed to their families, while the guilty must be punished. Both sides, Uighur and Han, need to be satisfied by this process. It won’t be easy.
On that note, I shall shortly be departing for London on a summer break, but my colleague Malcolm Moore will be keeping you up date on China news with tweets and blogs from Shanghai and beyond.
For now, it’s ‘zaijian’ from me.


http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/p...-criticism-and-credit-for-the-chinese-police/

 

[CHRIS88]

Uighur unrest: not another Tiananmen

Uighur unrest: not another Tiananmen - Telegraph Blogs

This from Urumqi in Xinjiang where I awoke this morning to the sound of army boots pounding on the city’s main People’s Square as squads of Chinese riot police and other paramilitary performed their morning drills.
A veneer of calm hangs over the city today despite the heavy presence of police and armoured cars on the streets, however even at this early stage I think it’s safe to predict that it is going to take a long time for the wounds of Sunday’s events to heal in this ethnically divided society.
Beijing has moved swiftly not only to calm the streets but also to control the reporting environment, corralling the large international media presence in a single hotel.
They’ve done this not by force, but by the simple expediency of limiting internet access to a single location (a hotel off the People’s Square), and like animals on the plain who graduate to the last waterhole in times of drought, the world’s journalists have had little choice but to congregate here.
Long-standing China commentators have been astonished at the speed at which Beijing has moved to seize the news agenda on this event, releasing casualty figures by lunchtime on Monday when in previous situations (the Tibet riots in March last year for example) it’s taken 24 hours for official media to even acknowledge that any event took place at all.
So why the speed this time? Are we witnessing a sudden opening up of China’s information environment, a media-savvy change of heart on the part of China’s rulers who only last month were pressing for installation of Green Dam internet censorship software on every computer in China?
I think that is unlikely. The logical, if more cynical, reason is that on this one China doesn’t have a great deal to hide.
There was a presumption among the foreign media - made from afar as correspondents scrambled to get to Urumqi - that most of the 156 victims of Sunday’s riot were Uighurs. The implication being that they had been killed by security forces - another Tiananmen, if you will.
This never quite stacked up, as very few witnesses reported that the police had opened fire. In fact most reported the use of batons, electric prods and tear gas and other non-lethal methods to disperse the riot.
And why, if security forces had been responsible for the bulk of the deaths, would China be facilitating such unprecedented access to hospitals, holding press conferences (planned for later today) and allowing reporters to tour the city.
It now appears - and I base this on reports from the first government-organised tour of Urumqi’s hospitals yesterday - that most of the injured were Han Chinese with stab or head wounds inflicted during the riots.
According to those reports of 274 patients being treated in the People’s hospital 233 were Han - mostly suffering from stab and head wounds - 29 Uighur and 15 from the Hui Muslim minority.
Many details remain to be confirmed, not least whether police actions in breaking up an initially peaceful demonstration helped provoke the violence.
However if those numbers are correct - and I’ll working to firm up details in reports today - the next phase is to see how China handles that potentially highly inflammatory piece of news at such a critical moment for Uighur-Han relations.

 

[CHRIS88]

这位Peter Foster的报道比较客观公正。