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“上帝、恶、冷、黑暗”-----[/FONT]
(2009-10-19 13:17:20)
标签:
爱因斯坦 杂谈
一位大学教授问了一个问题来挑战他的学生们:“上帝创造了万有吗?”
一个学生大胆的回答说:“是的,上帝创造了万有!”
“上帝创造了万有?”教授又问。
“是的,先生。”这位学生回答。
教授说:“如果上帝创造了万有,既然恶存在,那上帝也创造了恶。根据我们所做的事决定我们就是什么的基本原理,所以,上帝是恶。”
那位学生在教授之结论面前哑口无言。教授对自己非常满意、骄傲,因为他再次在学生面前证明了极基督信仰的神话性。
另外一位学生举起手说:“我可以问你一个问题吗,教授?”
“当然”,教授回答说。
这位学生站起来问道,“教授,冷存在吗?”
“这是什么样的问题?当然存在啦。你从来没有冷过吗?”学生们都诧异的望着那位同学。
那位学生说:“先生,冷实际上是不存在的。按照物理的规律,冷实际上是因着热能的缺乏。从每一个个体和物质可以看出他们都有能量或可以传送能量。绝对的零 下温度(-460)是完全的无热能状态,所有的物质都变得迟钝和对温度不产生任何反应能力。冷是不存在的。我们将低温的感觉用‘冷’来表示。”
那位学生继续又问:“教授,黑暗存在吗?”
“当然存在啦!”教授回答。
那学生说:“教授,您又错了,黑暗也不存在。黑暗实际上是指无光的状态。我们可以研究光,但是我们却不能研究黑暗。事实上我们用牛顿的棱镜就可以把白色的 光变成很多颜色再来研究每一个颜色的波。但是您不可以测量黑暗。一个简单的光两就可以打破世界的黑暗、照亮黑暗。怎么可以知道一个地方有多黑呢?你需要测 量有多少光照射出来,不是吗?黑暗是人用来形容无光的状态。
最后这位年轻人又问教授:“先生,恶存在吗?”
教授开始有点不敢肯定的回答:“当然了,我刚才已经说过了。我们每天都见到恶,这是人对人的无人道的日常例子。世界上的各种犯罪和暴力到处都是,这不是别的,都是恶。”
那位学生说:“先生,恶并不存在,至少并不是自己存在。简单的说,恶是因为没有上帝的同在,就像是黑暗和冷一样,是人用来形容没有上帝同在的状态,上帝没 有创造恶,恶不像信心和爱,光和热。恶是当人们心中没有上帝的爱的时候的结果。就像冷的出现是因为没有热能,或者黑暗的临到是因为没有光一样。
教授坐下……
那位年轻人的名字就是:爱因斯坦
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_625e300a0100futl.html
http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/religion/a/einstein_god.htm
SUMMARY: In this emailed anecdote of unknown origin, a university student named Albert Einstein humiliates his atheist professor by proving that God exists. Description: Urban legend
Circulating since: 2004 (this version)
Status: False
Email example contributed by Wilma C., June 23, 2004: The professor of a university challenged his students with this question. "Did God create everything that exists?" A student answered bravely, "Yes, he did".
The professor then asked, "If God created everything, then he created evil. Since evil exists (as noticed by our own actions), so God is evil. The student couldn't respond to that statement causing the professor to conclude that he had "proved" that "belief in God" was a fairy tale, and therefore worthless.
Another student raised his hand and asked the professor, "May I pose a question? " "Of course" answered the professor.
The young student stood up and asked : "Professor does Cold exists?"
The professor answered, "What kind of question is that? ...Of course the cold exists... haven't you ever been cold?"
The young student answered, "In fact sir, Cold does not exist. According to the laws of Physics, what we consider cold, in fact is the absence of heat. Anything is able to be studied as long as it transmits energy (heat). Absolute Zero is the total absence of heat, but cold does not exist. What we have done is create a term to describe how we feel if we don't have body heat or we are not hot."
"And, does Dark exist?", he continued. The professor answered "Of course". This time the student responded, "Again you're wrong, Sir. Darkness does not exist either. Darkness is in fact simply the absence of light. Light can be studied, darkness can not. Darkness cannot be broken down. A simple ray of light tears the darkness and illuminates the surface where the light beam finishes. Dark is a term that we humans have created to describe what happens when there's lack of light."
Finally, the student asked the professor, "Sir, does evil exist?" The professor replied, "Of course it exists, as I mentioned at the beginning, we see violations, crimes and violence anywhere in the world, and those things are evil."
The student responded, "Sir, Evil does not exist. Just as in the previous cases, Evil is a term which man has created to describe the result of the absence of God's presence in the hearts of man."
After this, the professor bowed down his head, and didn't answer back.
The young man's name was ALBERT EINSTEIN.
Comments: This apocryphal tale of a young Albert Einstein proving the existence of God to his atheist professor first began circulating in 2004. One reason we know it isn't true is that
the same story was already making the rounds five years earlier with no mention of Einstein in it whatsoever.
Another reason we know it isn't true is that Einstein was a self-described agnostic who didn't believe in what he called a "personal God." He wrote: "...the word God is for me nothing more than the expression and product of human weaknesses, the Bible a collection of honorable but still primitive legends which are nevertheless pretty childish."
And, finally, we know it isn't true because Einstein was a careful thinker who would never have put forward the specious logic attributed to him above. As written, the argument neither disproves the existence of evil, nor proves the existence of God.
Specious logic
To begin with, the claim that cold "doesn't exist" because in reality it is nothing more than "the absence of heat" is based on a semantical mistake.
Cold and
heat aren't absolutes. They're relative terms describing perceived variations in the kinetic energy (motion of atomic particles) within matter.
We don't perceive an ice cube as cold because heat is absent from it; we perceive it as cold because its particles are moving at a slower rate than those of tepid water (or, sliding further up the scale, a burning ember).
Similarly,
light and
dark aren't absolutes. They're relative terms describing variations in the kind and amount of electromagnetic energy we perceive at a given time and place (next time you're tempted to say it's dark at night because of the "absence" of light, look up at the stars).
Where the argument ultimately founders is on the conclusion that evil doesn't exist because it's just a term we use to describe "the absence of God's presence in our hearts."
It simply doesn't follow. Up to that point, the case, such as it is, has been built on opposites — cold vs. heat, dark vs. light. What's the opposite of evil? Good. The conclusion therefore
ought to be: evil doesn't exist because it's just a term we use to describe the absence of
good.
You might argue that good
is the presence of God in men's hearts, but in that case you'd be assuming what you're trying to prove: that God exists in the first place.
Augustine's theodicy
Albeit thoroughly butchered in this instance, the argument as a whole is a classic example of what is known in Christian apologetics as a theodicy — a defense of the proposition that God is all-good and all-powerful despite having created a world in which there is evil. This particular theodicy, based on the idea that evil is to good as darkness is to light (the former, in each case, being reducible to the absence of the latter), is usually credited to Augustine of Hippo, who first laid out the argument some 1600 years ago. God didn't create evil, Augustine concluded. Evil enters the world — which is to say, good departs from it — via man's free will.
This opens up an even bigger can of worms — the problem of free will vs. determinism — but we needn't go there. Suffice it to say that even if one finds Augustine's free-will loophole persuasive, it doesn't prove that God exists. All it proves is that the existence of evil isn't inconsistent with the existence of an omnipotent, omnibenevolent deity.
Einstein's religion
From everything we know about Albert Einstein, all this scholastic navel gazing would have bored him to tears. As a theoretical physicist he found the order and complexity of the universe awe-inspiring enough to call the experience "religious." As a sensitive human being he took a profound interest in questions of morality. But none of this, to him, pointed in the direction of a supreme being.
"It does not lead us to take the step of fashioning a god-like being in our own image," he explained when asked about the religious implications of relativity. "For this reason, people of our type see in morality a purely human matter, albeit the most important in the human sphere."