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胡锦涛国事访美: 中美联合声明中英文全文
据世界日报讯，中国国家主席胡锦涛应邀1月18日到21日到美国进行国事访问，中美两国于1月19日在华盛顿发表联合声明，内容包括加强中美关 系，促进高层交往，应对地区和全球挑战，建设全面互利的经济夥伴关系，应对气候变化，开展能源和环境合作以及扩展人文交流。以下为中国外交部公布的共同声 明的中英文全文：
1、应美国总统欧巴马邀请，中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛于2011年1月18日至21日对
美国进行国事访问。访问期间，胡主席会见了美国副总统白登，将会见美国国会领
导人，并访问芝加哥。
2、两国元首回顾了自欧巴马总统2009年11月对中国进行国事访问以来中美关系取得
的进展，并重申致力于建设21世纪积极合作全面的中美关系，这符合两国人民和国
际社会的利益。双方重申，中美三个联合公报为两国关系奠定了政治基础，并将继
续指导两国关系的发展。双方重申尊重彼此主权和领土完整。两国元首还重申了对
2009年11月《中美联合声明》的承诺。
3、中美致力于共同努力建设相互尊重、互利共赢的合作夥伴关系，以推进两国共同
利益、应对21世纪的机遇和挑战。中美正在安全、经济、社会、能源、环境等广泛
领域开展积极合作，需进一步深化双边接触与协调。两国领导人还一致认为,需要与
国际夥伴和机构进行更加广泛、深入的合作，以形成和落实可持续的解决方案并促
进世界和平、稳定、繁荣和各国人民的福祉。
加强中美关系
4、鉴于两国面临重要的共同挑战，中美决定继续建设夥伴关系，以推进共同利益、
处理共同关切、强调国际责任。两国领导人认识到，中美关系既重要又复杂。中美
已成为不同政治制度、历史文化背景和经济发展水准的国家发展积极合作关系的典
范。双方同意进一步努力培育和深化战略互信，以加强双边关系。双方重申要深化
对话，拓展务实合作，确认需共同努力，处理分歧、扩大共识、加强在一系列问题
上的协调。
5、美方重申，美方欢迎一个强大、繁荣、成功、在国际事务中发挥更大作用的中国。
中方表示，欢迎美国作为一个亚太国家为本地区和平、稳定与繁荣做出努力。两国
领导人支援通过合作努力建设21世纪更加稳定、和平、繁荣的亚太地区。
6、双方强调台湾问题在中美关系中的重要性。中方强调，台湾问题涉及中国主权和
领土完整，希望美方信守有关承诺，理解并支援中方在此问题上的立场。美方表示
奉行一个中国政策，遵守中美三个联合公报的原则。美方赞扬台湾海峡两岸《经济
合作框架协议》，欢迎两岸间新的沟通渠道。美方支援两岸关系和平发展，期待两
岸加强经济、政治及其他领域的对话与互动，建立更加积极稳定的关系。
7、双方重申,尽管两国在人权问题上仍然存在重要分歧，但双方都致力于促进和保
护人权。美方强调，促进人权和民主是美国外交政策的重要组成部分。中方强调，
不应干涉任何国家的内政。中美强调，各国及各国人民都有权选择自身发展道路，
各国应相互尊重彼此选择的发展模式。双方本著平等和相互尊重的精神处理人权问
题上的分歧，按照国际文书促进和保护人权，并同意在第三轮中美战略与经济对话
前举行下一轮中美人权对话。
8、中美同意在下一轮人权对话前恢复举行法律专家对话。双方还同意将加强两国的
法律合作和法治交流。两国正积极探讨关于加强妇女在社会中作用的交流和讨论。
9、中美两国确认，一个健康、稳定、可靠的两军关系是胡锦涛主席和欧巴马总统关
于积极合作全面中美关系共识的重要组成部分。双方一致认为，有必要加强各层次
的实质性对话和沟通，以减少误解、误读、误判，增进了解，扩大共同利益，推动
两军关系健康稳定可靠发展。双方注意到美国国防部长盖兹本月早些时候对中国进
行了成功访问，美方欢迎中国人民解放军总参谋长陈炳德上将于2011年上半年访问
美国。双方重申，中美国防部防务磋商、国防部工作会晤、海上军事安全磋商机制
未来将继续作为两军对话的重要渠道。双方表示，将继续推动2009年10月中国中央
军委副主席徐才厚上将与美国国防部长盖兹就发展两军关系达成的七项共识得到落
实。
10、中美同意采取具体行动，深化在航太领域的对话和交流。美方邀请中方代表团
于2011年访问美国国家航空暨太空总署和其他合适的设施，以作为对美国国家航空
暨太空署长2010年对中国富有成果的访问的回访。双方同意继续在透明、对等、互
利的基础上讨论在航太领域开展务实合作的机会。
11、《中美科技合作协定》是两国最早签署的双边协定之一，双方认可在该协定框
架下取得的成果并欢迎签署该协定延期议定书。中美将继续在农业、卫生、能源、
环境、渔业、学生交流、技术创新等广泛领域进行合作，以增进双方福祉。
12、中美双方欢迎中美执法合作联合联络小组在反恐等诸多领域加强执法合作取得
的进展。双方同意通过双边和其他途径加强反腐败合作。
促进高层交往
13、双方认为，强有力的中美关系离不开高层交往，密切、频繁、深入的对话对推
进双边关系以及国际和平与发展十分重要。本著这一精神，两国元首期待在2011年
再次会面，包括在美国夏威夷州举办的亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议期间会晤。
中方欢迎白登副总统于2011年访华。美方欢迎习近平副主席此后访美。
14、双方积极评价中美战略与经济对话这一两国政府间十分重要的协调机制，同意
2011年5月在华盛顿举行第三轮对话。战略与经济对话在帮助两国建立互信方面发挥
了重要作用。双方还同意2011年春在美国举行第二轮中美人文交流高层磋商，2011年
下半年在中国举行第22届中美商贸联委会。双方同意两国外长通过互访、会晤等方
式保持密切沟通。
15、双方强调两国议会继续保持交往的重要性，包括中国全国人民代表大会与美国
参议院和众议院之间的机制化交流。
应对地区和全球挑战
16、双方认为，中美两国在促进亚太及其他地区和平安全方面拥有共同利益，同意
加强沟通与协调，应对紧迫的地区和全球挑战。双方致力于采取行动保护全球环境，
在全球性问题上协调合作，维护和促进各国及各国人民的可持续发展。具体而言，
中美同意在下述领域增进合作：应对暴力极端主义，防止核武器扩散、其他大规模
杀伤性武器及其运载工具的扩散，加强核安全，消除传染性疾病和饥饿，消灭极端
贫困，有效应对气候变化挑战，打击海盗，预防和减少灾害，应对网路安全问题，
打击跨国犯罪，打击贩卖人口。中美将与其他各方一道，努力加强合作，应对共同
关切、促进共同利益。
17、中美强调致力于最终实现无核武器世界，强调需要加强国际核不扩散体系以应
对核扩散和核恐怖主义等威胁。在此方面，双方支援《全面禁止核子试验条约》尽
早生效，重申支援日内瓦裁谈会尽早启动“禁止生产核武器用裂变材料条约”谈判，
并愿为此进行合作。双方注意到在华盛顿核安全峰会后中美在核安全领域合作深化，
签署了关于在华建立核安保示范中心的谅解备忘录。
18、中美一致认为，正如六方会谈“九·一九”共同声明和联合国安理会相关决议
所强调，保持朝鲜半岛和平稳定至关重要。双方对近期事态发展导致半岛局势紧张
表示关切。双方注意到两国在半岛问题上保持了密切合作。中美强调改善半岛南北
关系的重要性，都认为朝韩开展真诚和建设性对话是非常重要的一步。鉴于半岛无
核化对维护东北亚地区和平与稳定至关重要，中美双方重申，有必要采取切实有效
步骤实现无核化目标，并全面落实六方会谈“九·一九”共同声明中的其他承诺。
在此背景下，中美对朝鲜宣称的铀浓缩计划表示关切。双方反对所有违反六方会谈
“九·一九”共同声明和相关国际义务和承诺的活动。双方呼吁采取必要步骤，以
尽早重启六方会谈进程，解决这一问题及其他相关问题。
19、中美重申，将致力于寻求全面长期解决伊朗核问题的办法，以重建国际社会对
于伊朗核计划仅限于和平目的的信心。双方同意伊朗根据《不扩散核武器条约》拥
有和平利用核能的权利，同时伊朗也应履行该条约规定的相应国际义务。双方呼吁
全面执行联合国安理会所有有关决议。双方欢迎并将积极参与六国与伊朗进程，强
调包括伊朗在内的各方应致力于建设性的对话进程。
20、双方同意全力支援苏丹北南和平进程，包括全面有效落实《全面和平协议》。
双方强调各方应尊重自由、公平和透明的公投结果。中美双方对达尔富尔问题表示
关注，认为应推动达尔富尔地区政治进程取得进一步实质性进展，以促进该问题早
日得到全面妥善解决。整个地区继续保持和平稳定符合中美双方利益。
21、双方同意，本著相互尊重和合作的精神加强在亚太地区的沟通和协调，并通过
多边机构等渠道和其他亚太国家一道促进和平、稳定与繁荣。
建设全面互利的经济夥伴关系
22、胡锦涛主席和欧巴马总统认识到共同努力建设相互尊重、互利共赢的经济合作
夥伴关系对两国和世界经济极其重要。两国领导人同意推进全面经济合作，并将依
托现有对话机制，基于以下要素，到将于今年5月举行的第三轮中美战略与经济对话
时进一步确立全面经济合作框架。
23、为推进中美两国和世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长，双方同意加强宏观经济
政策沟通与合作：
（1）美国将重点减少中期联邦赤字，确保长期财政可持续性，并对汇率过度波动保
持警惕。美联储近年来已采取重要步骤增强其传递未来展望和长期目标的清晰度。
（2）中国将继续加大力度扩大内需，促进服务部门的私人投资，更大程度地发挥市
场在资源配置中的基础性作用。中国将继续坚持推进人民币汇率形成机制改革，增
强人民币汇率弹性，转变经济发展方式。
（3）双方同意继续实施前瞻性货币政策并关注其对国际经济的影响。
两国支援欧洲领导人为增强市场稳定性和促进可持续长期增长所做出的努力。
24、双方认识到开放的贸易和投资对促进经济增长、创造就业、创新和繁荣的重要
意义，重申将采取进一步措施推进全球贸易和投资自由化，反对贸易和投资保护主
义。双方也同意愿本著建设性、合作性和互利性的态度，积极解决双边贸易和投资
争端。
25、两国领导人强调将指示其谈判代表进行跨领域的谈判，在维护世界贸易组织多
哈发展回合授权、锁定已有成果的基础上，促使多哈回合谈判尽快取得成功、富有
雄心、全面和平衡的结果。双方同意加强和扩大两国谈判代表的参与度以完成谈判。
26、两国领导人同意实现更加平衡的贸易关系的重要性，并高度赞扬包括近期在华
盛顿举行的第21届中美商贸联委会在此方面取得的进展。
27、中方将坚持保护知识产权，包括进行审计以确保各级政府机关使用正版软体，
并依法公布审计结果。中国的创新政策与提供政府采购优惠不挂钩。美方欢迎中方
同意在世界贸易组织政府采购委员会2011年最后一次会议前提交一份强有力的新的
修改出价，其中包括次中央实体。
28、两国领导人认识到培育开放、公平和透明的投资环境对两国经济和世界经济的
重要性，重申双方继续致力于推进双边投资协定谈判。双方认识到成功的双边投资
协定谈判将通过促进和保护投资，为双方投资者增强透明度和可预见性，支援开放
的全球经济。中方欢迎美方承诺通过中美商贸联委会以一种合作的方式迅速承认中
国市场经济地位。中方欢迎中美双方讨论美国正在推进的出口管制体系改革，以及
在符合美国国家安全利益的前提下这一改革对美向包括中国在内的主要贸易夥伴出
口的潜在影响。
29、双方进一步认识到双边商贸关系广阔和强有力的特点，包括此访所达成的合同，
双方欢迎双边商贸关系经济上的互利性。
30、双方同意继续通过将要举行的中美战略与经济对话、中美商贸联委会等进程致
力于推进双边经济关系取得具体进展。
31、双方认识到企业在两国基础设施建设中发挥积极作用的潜力，并愿加强在这一
领域的合作。
32、双方承诺深化在金融部门投资和监管领域的双边和多边合作，在符合审慎监管
并与国家安全要求一致的情况下，支援为金融服务和跨境证券投资领域营造开放的
投资环境。美方承诺确保“政府支援企业”具有足够资本和能力以履行其财务责任。
33、中美双方认同纳入特别提款权的货币应仅为在国际贸易和国际金融交易中广泛
使用的货币。鉴此，美方支援中方逐步推动将人民币纳入特别提款权的努力。
34、双方承诺致力于加强全球金融体系和改革国际金融框架。双方将继续强有力的
合作以提高国际货币基金组织和多边开发银行的合法性和有效性。为实现联合国千
年发展目标，双方将共同促进国际社会援助发展中国家、特别是最不发达国家的努
力。双方还将与多边开发银行协作，寻求合作支援包括非洲在内的全球减贫、发展
和区域一体化，为包容和可持续的经济增长作出贡献。
35、双方重申支援20国集团强劲、可持续和平衡增长框架，重申在20国集团首尔峰
会公报中的承诺，包括采取一系列措施巩固全球经济复苏、减少过度外部失衡并将
经常账户失衡保持在可持续水准。双方支援20国集团在国际经济和金融事务中发挥
更大作用，并承诺加强沟通协调，落实20国集团峰会承诺，推动戛纳峰会取得积极
成果。
气候变化、能源和环境合作
36、双方认为气候变化和能源安全是当今时代两大重要挑战。中美同意继续就应对
气候变化行动进行密切磋商，为实现两国和世界人民的能源安全而开展协调，加强
现有清洁能源合作，确保市场开放，在气候友好型能源领域推动互利投资，鼓励清
洁能源，推动先进清洁能源技术开发。
37、双方积极评价中美清洁能源研究中心、可再生能源夥伴关系、《中美能源安全
合作联合声明》和中美能源合作项目启动以来两国在清洁能源和能源安全领域合作
取得的进展。双方重申继续就能源政策进行交流，在石油、天然气（包括页岩气）、
民用核能、风能和太阳能、智能电网、先进生物燃料、清洁煤、能效、电动汽车及
清洁能源技术标准等领域进行合作。
38、双方积极评价《中美能源和环境十年合作框架》自2008年启动以来取得的进展。
双方同意在该框架下进一步加强务实合作，落实水、大气、交通、电力、保护区和
湿地、能效等优先领域的行动计划，开展政策对话,实施绿色合作夥伴计划。双方高
兴地宣布两个新的绿色合作夥伴计划。双方欢迎两国地方政府、企业、研究机构参
与十年合作框架，共同探索中美能源环境合作的创新模式。双方对根据十年合作框
架将于2011年开展的合作项目和活动表示欢迎。
39、双方对坎昆协议表示欢迎，认为应对气候变化的努力也应促进经济社会发展。
双方同意与其他国家一道，积极推动《联合国气候变化框架公约》的全面、有效、
持续落实，包括落实坎昆协议，并支援今年的南非会议达成积极成果。
扩展人文交流
40、中美两国一贯支援开展更加广泛深入的人文交流，这也是双方建设相互尊重、
互利共赢中美合作夥伴关系努力的一部分。双方同意采取切实步骤加强人文交流。
双方满意地注意到，2010年上海世博会取得成功，中方对美国馆的成功展示向美方
表示祝贺。双方宣布建立中美省州长论坛，决定进一步支援两国地方各级在一系列
领域开展交流合作，包括增强友好省州和友好城市关系。中美还同意采取切实措施，
特别是通过“10万人留学中国计划”，加强两国青年之间的对话与交流。美方热忱
欢迎更多中国学生赴美留学，并将继续为他们提供签证便利。双方同意讨论扩大文
化交流的途径，包括探讨举办中美文化年及其他活动。双方强调将进一步推动相互
旅游并为此提供便利。双方认为，所有上述活动都有助于深化了解、互信与合作。
结语
41、胡锦涛主席感谢欧巴马总统和美国人民在他访问期间给予的热情款待。中美两
国元首认为，此访进一步推进了两国关系，双方决心共同努力建设相互尊重、互利
共赢的合作夥伴关系。两国元首均深信，一个更加强有力的中美关系不仅符合两国
人民的根本利益，也有利于整个亚太地区乃至全世界。
[SIZE=+1]
China and the United States on Wednesday issued a joint statement, which
covers a range of issues such as strengthening bilateral relations, addressing
regional and global challenges, building a comprehensive and mutually beneficial
economic partnership, and cooperating on climate change, energy and the
environment. Following is the full text of the joint statement:
China-U.S. Joint Statement
1. At the invitation of President Barack Obama of the United States of America,
President Hu Jintao of the People's Republic of China is paying a state
visit to the United States of America on January 18-21, 2011. During his
visit, President Hu also met with Vice President Joseph Biden, will meet
with U.S. Congressional leadership, and will visit Chicago.
2. The two Presidents reviewed the progress made in the relationship since
President Obama's November 2009 state visit to China and reaffirmed their
commitment to building a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-U.S.
relationship for the 21st century, which serves the interests of the Chinese
and American peoples and of the global community. The two sides reaffirmed
that the three Joint Communiques issued by China and the United States laid
the political foundation for the relationship and will continue to guide
the development of China-U.S. relations. The two sides reaffirmed respect
for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The Presidents further
reaffirmed their commitment to the November 2009 China-U.S. Joint Statement.
3. China and the United States are committed to work together to build a
cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit in order
to promote the common interests of both countries and to address the 21st
century's opportunities and challenges. China and the United States are
actively cooperating on a wide range of security, economic, social, energy,
and environmental issues which require deeper bilateral engagement and coordination.
The two leaders agreed that broader and deeper collaboration with international
partners and institutions is required to develop and implement sustainable
solutions and to promote peace, stability, prosperity, and the well-being
of peoples throughout the world.
Strengthening China-U.S. Relations
4. Recognizing the importance of the common challenges that they face together,
China and the United States decided to continue working toward a partnership
that advances common interests, addresses shared concerns, and highlights
international responsibilities. The two leaders recognize that the relationship
between China and the United States is both vital and complex. China and
the United States have set an example of positive and cooperative relations
between countries, despite different political systems, historical and cultural
backgrounds, and levels of economic development. The two sides agreed to
work further to nurture and deepen bilateral strategic trust to enhance
their relations. They reiterated the importance of deepening dialogue aimed
at expanding practical cooperation and affirmed the need to work together
to address areas of disagreement, expand common ground, and strengthen coordination
on a range of issues.
5. The United States reiterated that it welcomes a strong, prosperous and
successful China that plays a greater role in world affairs. China welcomes
the United States as an Asia-Pacific nation that contributes to peace, stability
and prosperity in the region. Working together, both leaders support efforts
to build a more stable, peaceful, and prosperous Asia-Pacific region for
the 21st century.
6. Both sides underscored the importance of the Taiwan issue in China-U.S.
relations. The Chinese side emphasized that the Taiwan issue concerns China's
sovereignty and territorial integrity, and expressed the hope that the U.S.
side will honor its relevant commitments and appreciate and support the
Chinese side's position on this issue. The U.S. side stated that the United
States follows its one-China policy and abides by the principles of the
three China-U.S. Joint Communiques. The United States applauded the Economic
Cooperation Framework Agreement between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait
and welcomed the new lines of communications developing between them. The
United States supports the peaceful development of relations across the Taiwan
Strait and looks forward to efforts by both sides to increase dialogues and
interactions in economic, political, and other fields, and to develop more
positive and stable cross-Strait relations.
7. China and the United States reiterated their commitment to the promotion
and protection of human rights, even as they continue to have significant
differences on these issues. The United States stressed that the promotion
of human rights and democracy is an important part of its foreign policy.
China stressed that there should be no interference in any country's internal
affairs. China and the United States underscored that each country and its
people have the right to choose their own path, and all countries should
respect each other's choice of a development model. Addressing differences
on human rights in a spirit of equality and mutual respect, as well as promoting
and protecting human rights consistent with international instruments, the
two sides agreed to hold the next round of the China-U.S. Human Rights Dialogue
before the third round of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED).
8. China and the United States agreed to hold the next round of the resumed
Legal Experts Dialogue before the next Human Rights Dialogue convenes. China
and the United States further agreed to strengthen cooperation in the field
of law and exchanges on the rule of law. China and the United States are
actively exploring exchanges and discussions on the increasing role of women
in society.
9. China and the United States affirmed that a healthy, stable and reliable
military-to-military relationship is an essential part of President Hu's
and President Obama's shared vision for a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive
China-U.S. relationship. Both sides agreed on the need for enhanced and
substantive dialogue and communication at all levels: to reduce misunderstanding,
misperception, and miscalculation; to foster greater understanding and
expand mutual interest; and to promote the healthy, stable, and reliable
development of the military-to-military relationship. Both sides noted the
successful visit of Secretary of Defense Robert Gates to China earlier this
month, and that the United States welcomes Chief of the PLA General Staff
General Chen Bingde to the United States in the first half of 2011. Both
sides reaffirmed that the Defense Consultative Talks, the Defense Policy
Coordination Talks, and the Military Maritime Consultative Agreement will
remain important channels of communication in the future. Both sides will
work to execute the seven priority areas for developing military-to-military
relations as agreed to by Secretary Gates and General Xu Caihou, Vice Chairman
of the Central Military Commission in October 2009.
10. China and the United States agreed to take specific actions to deepen
dialogue and exchanges in the field of space. The United States invited
a Chinese delegation to visit NASA headquarters and other appropriate NASA
facilities in 2011 to reciprocate for the productive visit of the U.S. NASA
Administrator to China in 2010. The two sides agreed to continue discussions
on opportunities for practical future cooperation in the space arena, based
on principles of transparency, reciprocity, and mutual benefit.
11. China and the United States acknowledged the accomplishments under the
bilateral Agreement on Cooperation in Science and Technology, one of the
longest-standing bilateral agreements between the two countries, and welcomed
the signing of its extension. China and the United States will continue
to cooperate in such diverse areas as agriculture, health, energy, environment,
fisheries, student exchanges, and technological innovation in order to
advance mutual well-being.
12. China and the United States welcomed progress by the China-U.S. Joint
Liaison Group on Law Enforcement Cooperation (JLG) to strengthen law enforcement
cooperation across a range of issues, including counterterrorism. China
and the United States also agreed to enhance joint efforts to combat corruption
through bilateral and other means.
Promoting High-Level Exchanges
13. The two sides agreed that high-level exchanges are indispensable to
strong China-U.S. relations, and that close, frequent, and in-depth dialogue
is important to advance bilateral relations and international peace and
development. In this spirit, both Presidents look forward to meeting again
in the coming year, including in the state of Hawaii for the U.S.-hosted
2011 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders' meeting. China welcomed
Vice President Biden for a visit in 2011. The United States welcomed a subsequent
visit by Vice President Xi Jinping.
14. The two sides praised the S&ED as a key mechanism for coordination between
the two governments, and agreed to hold the third round of the S&ED in Washington,
D.C., in May 2011. The S&ED has played an important role in helping build
trust and confidence between the two countries. The two sides also agreed
to hold the second meeting of the High-Level Consultation on People-to-People
Exchange in the United States in the spring of 2011, and the 22nd meeting
of the China-U.S. Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) in China
in the second half of 2011. The two sides agreed to maintain close communication
between the foreign ministers of the two countries through mutual visits,
meetings, and other means.
15. The two sides emphasized the importance of continued interaction between
their legislatures, including institutionalized exchanges between the National
People's Congress of China and the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.
Addressing Regional and Global Challenges
16. The two sides believe that China and the United States have a common
interest in promoting peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region and
beyond, and agreed to enhance communication and coordination to address
pressing regional and global challenges. The two sides undertake to act
to protect the global environment and to work in concert on global issues
to help safeguard and promote the sustainable development of all countries
and peoples. Specifically, China and the United States agreed to advance
cooperation to: counter violent extremism; prevent the proliferation of
nuclear weapons, other weapons of mass destruction, and their means of delivery;
strengthen nuclear security; eliminate infectious disease and hunger; end
extreme poverty; respond effectively to the challenge of climate change;
counter piracy; prevent and mitigate disasters; address cyber-security;
fight transnational crime; and combat trafficking in persons. In coordination
with other parties, China and the United States will endeavor to increase
cooperation to address common concerns and promote shared interests.
17. China and the United States underlined their commitment to the eventual
realization of a world without nuclear weapons and the need to strengthen
the international nuclear non-proliferation regime to address the threats
of nuclear proliferation and nuclear terrorism. In this regard, both sides
support early entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
(CTBT), reaffirmed their support for the early commencement of negotiations
on a Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty in the Conference on Disarmament, and
agreed to work together to reach these goals. The two sides also noted their
deepening cooperation on nuclear security following the Washington Nuclear
Security Summit and signed a Memorandum of Understanding that will help
establish a Center of Excellence on Nuclear Security in China.
18. China and the United States agreed on the critical importance of maintaining
peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula as underscored by the Joint
Statement of September 19, 2005 and relevant UN Security Council Resolutions.
Both sides expressed concern over heightened tensions on the Peninsula
triggered by recent developments. The two sides noted their continuing efforts
to cooperate closely on matters concerning the Peninsula. China and the
United States emphasized the importance of an improvement in North-South
relations and agreed that sincere and constructive inter-Korean dialogue
is an essential step. Agreeing on the crucial importance of denuclearization
of the Peninsula in order to preserve peace and stability in Northeast Asia,
China and the United States reiterated the need for concrete and effective
steps to achieve the goal of denuclearization and for full implementation
of the other commitments made in the September 19, 2005 Joint Statement
of the Six-Party Talks. In this context, China and the United States expressed
concern regarding the DPRK's claimed uranium enrichment program. Both sides
oppose all activities inconsistent with the 2005 Joint Statement and relevant
international obligations and commitments. The two sides called for the
necessary steps that would allow for early resumption of the Six-Party Talks
process to address this and other relevant issues.
19. On the Iranian nuclear issue, China and the United States reiterated
their commitment to seeking a comprehensive and long-term solution that
would restore international confidence in the exclusively peaceful nature
of Iran's nuclear program. Both sides agreed that Iran has the right to
peaceful uses of nuclear energy under the Non-Proliferation Treaty and that
Iran should fulfill its due international obligations under that treaty.
Both sides called for full implementation of all relevant UN Security Council
Resolutions. China and the United States welcomed and will actively participate
in the P5+1 process with Iran, and stressed the importance of all parties
-- including Iran -- committing to a constructive dialogue process.
20. Regarding Sudan, China and the United States agreed to fully support
the North-South peace process, including full and effective implementation
of Sudan's Comprehensive Peace Agreement. The two sides stressed the need
for all sides to respect the result of a free, fair, and transparent referendum.
Both China and the United States expressed concern on the Darfur issue
and believed that further, substantive progress should be made in the political
process in Darfur to promote the early, comprehensive, and appropriate solution
to this issue. Both China and the United States have a continuing interest
in the maintenance of peace and stability in the wider region.
21. The two sides agreed to enhance communication and coordination in the
Asia-Pacific region in a spirit of mutual respect and cooperation, and to
work together with other Asia-Pacific countries, including through multilateral
institutions, to promote peace, stability, and prosperity.
Building a Comprehensive and Mutually Beneficial Economic Partnership
22. President Hu and President Obama recognized the vital importance of
working together to build a cooperative economic partnership of mutual respect
and mutual benefit to both countries and to the global economy. The two
leaders agreed to promote comprehensive economic cooperation, and will further
develop a framework of comprehensive economic cooperation, relying on existing
mechanisms, by the third round of the S&ED in May, based on the main elements
outlined below:
23. The two sides agreed to strengthen macroeconomic communication and cooperation,
in support of strong, sustainable and balanced growth in the United States,
China and the global economy.
-- The United States will focus on reducing its medium-term federal deficit
and ensuring long-term fiscal sustainability, and will maintain vigilance
against excess volatility in exchange rates. The Federal Reserve has taken
important steps in recent years to increase the clarity of its communications
regarding its outlook and longer-run objectives.-- China will intensify
efforts to expand domestic demand, to promote private investment in the
service sector, and to give greater play to the fundamental role of the market
in resource allocation. China will continue to promote RMB exchange rate
reform, enhance RMB exchange rate flexibility, and promote the transformation
of its economic development model.-- Both sides agree to continue to pursue
forward-looking monetary policies with due regards to the ramifications
of those policies for the international economy.
The two sides affirmed support for efforts by European leaders to reinforce
market stability and promote sustainable, long-term growth.
24. The two countries, recognizing the importance of open trade and investment
in fostering economic growth, job creation, innovation, and prosperity,
affirmed their commitment to take further steps to liberalize global trade
and investment, and to oppose trade and investment protectionism. The two
sides also agreed to work proactively to resolve bilateral trade and investment
disputes in a constructive, cooperative, and mutually beneficial manner.
25. The two leaders emphasized their strong commitment to direct their negotiators
to engage in across-the-board negotiations to promptly bring the WTO Doha
Development Round to a successful, ambitious, comprehensive, and balanced
conclusion, consistent with the mandate of the Doha Development Round and
built on the progress already achieved. The two sides agreed that engagement
between our representatives must intensify and expand in order to complete
the end game.
26. The two leaders agreed on the importance of achieving a more balanced
trade relationship, and spoke highly of the progress made on this front,
including at the recent 21st Meeting of the Joint Commission on Commerce
and Trade in Washington, D.C.
27. China will continue to strengthen its efforts to protect IPR, including
by conducting audits to ensure that government agencies at all levels use
legitimate software and by publishing the auditing results as required by
China's law. China will not link its innovation policies to the provision
of government procurement preferences. The United States welcomed China's
agreement to submit a robust, second revised offer to the WTO Government
Procurement Committee before the Committee's final meeting in 2011, which
will include sub-central entities.
28. The two leaders acknowledged the importance of fostering open, fair,
and transparent investment environments to their domestic economies and
to the global economy and reaffirmed their commitment to the ongoing Bilateral
Investment Treaty (BIT) negotiations, recognizing that a successful BIT
negotiation would support an open global economy by facilitating and protecting
investment, and enhancing transparency and predictability for investors
of both countries. China welcomed the United States' commitment to consult
through the JCCT in a cooperative manner to work towards China's Market
Economy Status in an expeditious manner. China welcomed discussion between
the two sides on the ongoing reform of the U.S. export control system, and
its potential implications for U.S. exports to its major trading partners,
including China, consistent with U.S. national security interests.
29. The two sides further acknowledged the deep and robust nature of the
commercial relationship, including the contracts concluded at this visit,
and welcomed the mutual economic benefits resulting from the relationship.
30. The two sides agreed to continue working to make concrete progress on
the bilateral economic relationship through the upcoming S&ED and the JCCT
process.
31. China and the United States recognized the potential for their firms
to play a positive role in the infrastructure development in each country
and agreed to strengthen cooperation in this area.
32. The two countries committed to deepen bilateral and multilateral cooperation
on financial sector investment and regulation, and support open environments
for investment in financial services and cross-border portfolio investment,
consistent with prudential and national security requirements. The United
States is committed to ensuring that the GSEs have sufficient capital and
the ability to meet their financial obligations.
33. China and the United States agree that currencies in the SDR basket
should only be those that are heavily used in international trade and financial
transactions. In that regard, the United States supports China's efforts
over time to promote inclusion of the RMB in the SDR basket.
34. The two countries pledged to work together to strengthen the global
financial system and reform the international financial architecture. The
two sides will continue their strong cooperation to strengthen the legitimacy
and improve the effectiveness of the International Monetary Fund and Multilateral
Development Banks (MDBs). The two sides will jointly promote efforts of
the international community to assist developing countries, in particular
the Least Developed Countries to achieve the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). The two sides will also, in partnership with the Multilateral Development
Banks, explore cooperation that supports global poverty reduction and development,
and regional integration including in Africa, to contribute to inclusive
and sustainable economic growth.
35. The two countries reiterated their support for the G-20 Framework for
Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth and reaffirmed their commitments
made in the Seoul Summit Declaration, including using the full range of
policies to strengthen the global recovery and to reduce excessive imbalances
and maintain current account imbalances at sustainable levels. The two sides
support a bigger role for the G-20 in international economic and financial
affairs, and pledged to strengthen communication and coordination to follow
through on the commitments of the G-20 summits and push for positive outcomes
at the Cannes Summit.
Cooperating on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment
36. The two sides view climate change and energy security as two of the
greatest challenges of our time. China and the United States agreed to continue
their close consultations on action to address climate change, coordinate
to achieve energy security for our peoples and the world, build on existing
clean energy cooperation, ensure open markets, promote mutually beneficial
investment in climate friendly energy, encourage clean energy, and facilitate
advanced clean energy technology development.
37. Both sides applauded the progress made in clean energy and energy security since the launch of the China-U.S. Clean Energy Research Center, Renewable Energy Partnership, China-U.S. Joint Statement on Energy Security Cooperation, and Energy Cooperation Program (ECP). Both sides reaffirmed their ongoing exchanges on energy policy and cooperation on oil, natural gas (including shale gas), civilian nuclear energy, wind and solar energy, smart grid, advanced bio-fuels, clean coal, energy efficiency, electric vehicles and clean energy technology standards.
38. The two sides commended the progress made since the launch of the China-U.S. Ten Year Framework on Energy and Environment Cooperation (TYF) in 2008. They agreed to further strengthen practical cooperation under the TYF, carry out action plans in the priority areas of water, air, transportation, electricity, protected areas, wetlands, and energy efficiency, engage in policy dialogues, and implement the EcoPartnerships program. China and the United States were also pleased to announce two new EcoPartnerships. The two sides welcomed local governments, enterprises, and research institutes of the two countries to participate in the TYF, and jointly explore innovative models for China-U.S. energy and environment cooperation. The two sides welcomed the cooperation projects and activities which will be carried out in 2011 under the TYF.
39. The two sides welcomed the Cancun Agreements and believed that it is important that efforts to address climate change also advance economic and social development. Working together and with other countries, the two sides agreed to actively promote the comprehensive, effective, and sustained implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, including the implementation of the Cancun agreements and support efforts to achieve positive outcomes at this year's conference in South Africa.
Expanding People-to-People Exchanges
40. China and the United States have long supported deeper and broader people-to-people ties as part of a larger effort to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit. Both sides agreed to take concrete steps to enhance these people-to-people exchanges. Both sides noted with satisfaction the successful Expo 2010 in Shanghai, and the Chinese side complimented the United States on its USA Pavilion. The two sides announced the launch of a China-U.S. Governors Forum and decided to further support exchanges and cooperation at local levels in a variety of fields, including support for the expansion of the sister province and city relationships. China and the United States also agreed to take concrete steps to strengthen dialogue and exchanges between their young people, particularly through the 100,000 Strong Initiative. The United States warmly welcomes more Chinese students in American educational institutions, and will continue to facilitate visa issuance for them. The two sides agreed to discuss ways of expanding cultural interaction, including exploring a China-U.S. cultural year event and other activities. The two sides underscored their commitment to further promoting and facilitating increased tourism. China and the United States agreed that all these activities help deepen understanding, trust, and cooperation.
Conclusion
41. President Hu Jintao expressed his thanks to President Obama and the American people for their warm reception and hospitality during his visit. The two Presidents agreed that the visit has furthered China-U.S. relations, and both sides resolved to work together to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit. The two Presidents shared a deep belief that a stronger China-U.S. relationship not only serves the fundamental interests of their respective peoples, but also benefits the entire Asia-Pacific region and the world. [/SIZE]
据世界日报讯，中国国家主席胡锦涛应邀1月18日到21日到美国进行国事访问，中美两国于1月19日在华盛顿发表联合声明，内容包括加强中美关 系，促进高层交往，应对地区和全球挑战，建设全面互利的经济夥伴关系，应对气候变化，开展能源和环境合作以及扩展人文交流。以下为中国外交部公布的共同声 明的中英文全文：
1、应美国总统欧巴马邀请，中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛于2011年1月18日至21日对
美国进行国事访问。访问期间，胡主席会见了美国副总统白登，将会见美国国会领
导人，并访问芝加哥。
2、两国元首回顾了自欧巴马总统2009年11月对中国进行国事访问以来中美关系取得
的进展，并重申致力于建设21世纪积极合作全面的中美关系，这符合两国人民和国
际社会的利益。双方重申，中美三个联合公报为两国关系奠定了政治基础，并将继
续指导两国关系的发展。双方重申尊重彼此主权和领土完整。两国元首还重申了对
2009年11月《中美联合声明》的承诺。
3、中美致力于共同努力建设相互尊重、互利共赢的合作夥伴关系，以推进两国共同
利益、应对21世纪的机遇和挑战。中美正在安全、经济、社会、能源、环境等广泛
领域开展积极合作，需进一步深化双边接触与协调。两国领导人还一致认为,需要与
国际夥伴和机构进行更加广泛、深入的合作，以形成和落实可持续的解决方案并促
进世界和平、稳定、繁荣和各国人民的福祉。
加强中美关系
4、鉴于两国面临重要的共同挑战，中美决定继续建设夥伴关系，以推进共同利益、
处理共同关切、强调国际责任。两国领导人认识到，中美关系既重要又复杂。中美
已成为不同政治制度、历史文化背景和经济发展水准的国家发展积极合作关系的典
范。双方同意进一步努力培育和深化战略互信，以加强双边关系。双方重申要深化
对话，拓展务实合作，确认需共同努力，处理分歧、扩大共识、加强在一系列问题
上的协调。
5、美方重申，美方欢迎一个强大、繁荣、成功、在国际事务中发挥更大作用的中国。
中方表示，欢迎美国作为一个亚太国家为本地区和平、稳定与繁荣做出努力。两国
领导人支援通过合作努力建设21世纪更加稳定、和平、繁荣的亚太地区。
6、双方强调台湾问题在中美关系中的重要性。中方强调，台湾问题涉及中国主权和
领土完整，希望美方信守有关承诺，理解并支援中方在此问题上的立场。美方表示
奉行一个中国政策，遵守中美三个联合公报的原则。美方赞扬台湾海峡两岸《经济
合作框架协议》，欢迎两岸间新的沟通渠道。美方支援两岸关系和平发展，期待两
岸加强经济、政治及其他领域的对话与互动，建立更加积极稳定的关系。
7、双方重申,尽管两国在人权问题上仍然存在重要分歧，但双方都致力于促进和保
护人权。美方强调，促进人权和民主是美国外交政策的重要组成部分。中方强调，
不应干涉任何国家的内政。中美强调，各国及各国人民都有权选择自身发展道路，
各国应相互尊重彼此选择的发展模式。双方本著平等和相互尊重的精神处理人权问
题上的分歧，按照国际文书促进和保护人权，并同意在第三轮中美战略与经济对话
前举行下一轮中美人权对话。
8、中美同意在下一轮人权对话前恢复举行法律专家对话。双方还同意将加强两国的
法律合作和法治交流。两国正积极探讨关于加强妇女在社会中作用的交流和讨论。
9、中美两国确认，一个健康、稳定、可靠的两军关系是胡锦涛主席和欧巴马总统关
于积极合作全面中美关系共识的重要组成部分。双方一致认为，有必要加强各层次
的实质性对话和沟通，以减少误解、误读、误判，增进了解，扩大共同利益，推动
两军关系健康稳定可靠发展。双方注意到美国国防部长盖兹本月早些时候对中国进
行了成功访问，美方欢迎中国人民解放军总参谋长陈炳德上将于2011年上半年访问
美国。双方重申，中美国防部防务磋商、国防部工作会晤、海上军事安全磋商机制
未来将继续作为两军对话的重要渠道。双方表示，将继续推动2009年10月中国中央
军委副主席徐才厚上将与美国国防部长盖兹就发展两军关系达成的七项共识得到落
实。
10、中美同意采取具体行动，深化在航太领域的对话和交流。美方邀请中方代表团
于2011年访问美国国家航空暨太空总署和其他合适的设施，以作为对美国国家航空
暨太空署长2010年对中国富有成果的访问的回访。双方同意继续在透明、对等、互
利的基础上讨论在航太领域开展务实合作的机会。
11、《中美科技合作协定》是两国最早签署的双边协定之一，双方认可在该协定框
架下取得的成果并欢迎签署该协定延期议定书。中美将继续在农业、卫生、能源、
环境、渔业、学生交流、技术创新等广泛领域进行合作，以增进双方福祉。
12、中美双方欢迎中美执法合作联合联络小组在反恐等诸多领域加强执法合作取得
的进展。双方同意通过双边和其他途径加强反腐败合作。
促进高层交往
13、双方认为，强有力的中美关系离不开高层交往，密切、频繁、深入的对话对推
进双边关系以及国际和平与发展十分重要。本著这一精神，两国元首期待在2011年
再次会面，包括在美国夏威夷州举办的亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议期间会晤。
中方欢迎白登副总统于2011年访华。美方欢迎习近平副主席此后访美。
14、双方积极评价中美战略与经济对话这一两国政府间十分重要的协调机制，同意
2011年5月在华盛顿举行第三轮对话。战略与经济对话在帮助两国建立互信方面发挥
了重要作用。双方还同意2011年春在美国举行第二轮中美人文交流高层磋商，2011年
下半年在中国举行第22届中美商贸联委会。双方同意两国外长通过互访、会晤等方
式保持密切沟通。
15、双方强调两国议会继续保持交往的重要性，包括中国全国人民代表大会与美国
参议院和众议院之间的机制化交流。
应对地区和全球挑战
16、双方认为，中美两国在促进亚太及其他地区和平安全方面拥有共同利益，同意
加强沟通与协调，应对紧迫的地区和全球挑战。双方致力于采取行动保护全球环境，
在全球性问题上协调合作，维护和促进各国及各国人民的可持续发展。具体而言，
中美同意在下述领域增进合作：应对暴力极端主义，防止核武器扩散、其他大规模
杀伤性武器及其运载工具的扩散，加强核安全，消除传染性疾病和饥饿，消灭极端
贫困，有效应对气候变化挑战，打击海盗，预防和减少灾害，应对网路安全问题，
打击跨国犯罪，打击贩卖人口。中美将与其他各方一道，努力加强合作，应对共同
关切、促进共同利益。
17、中美强调致力于最终实现无核武器世界，强调需要加强国际核不扩散体系以应
对核扩散和核恐怖主义等威胁。在此方面，双方支援《全面禁止核子试验条约》尽
早生效，重申支援日内瓦裁谈会尽早启动“禁止生产核武器用裂变材料条约”谈判，
并愿为此进行合作。双方注意到在华盛顿核安全峰会后中美在核安全领域合作深化，
签署了关于在华建立核安保示范中心的谅解备忘录。
18、中美一致认为，正如六方会谈“九·一九”共同声明和联合国安理会相关决议
所强调，保持朝鲜半岛和平稳定至关重要。双方对近期事态发展导致半岛局势紧张
表示关切。双方注意到两国在半岛问题上保持了密切合作。中美强调改善半岛南北
关系的重要性，都认为朝韩开展真诚和建设性对话是非常重要的一步。鉴于半岛无
核化对维护东北亚地区和平与稳定至关重要，中美双方重申，有必要采取切实有效
步骤实现无核化目标，并全面落实六方会谈“九·一九”共同声明中的其他承诺。
在此背景下，中美对朝鲜宣称的铀浓缩计划表示关切。双方反对所有违反六方会谈
“九·一九”共同声明和相关国际义务和承诺的活动。双方呼吁采取必要步骤，以
尽早重启六方会谈进程，解决这一问题及其他相关问题。
19、中美重申，将致力于寻求全面长期解决伊朗核问题的办法，以重建国际社会对
于伊朗核计划仅限于和平目的的信心。双方同意伊朗根据《不扩散核武器条约》拥
有和平利用核能的权利，同时伊朗也应履行该条约规定的相应国际义务。双方呼吁
全面执行联合国安理会所有有关决议。双方欢迎并将积极参与六国与伊朗进程，强
调包括伊朗在内的各方应致力于建设性的对话进程。
20、双方同意全力支援苏丹北南和平进程，包括全面有效落实《全面和平协议》。
双方强调各方应尊重自由、公平和透明的公投结果。中美双方对达尔富尔问题表示
关注，认为应推动达尔富尔地区政治进程取得进一步实质性进展，以促进该问题早
日得到全面妥善解决。整个地区继续保持和平稳定符合中美双方利益。
21、双方同意，本著相互尊重和合作的精神加强在亚太地区的沟通和协调，并通过
多边机构等渠道和其他亚太国家一道促进和平、稳定与繁荣。
建设全面互利的经济夥伴关系
22、胡锦涛主席和欧巴马总统认识到共同努力建设相互尊重、互利共赢的经济合作
夥伴关系对两国和世界经济极其重要。两国领导人同意推进全面经济合作，并将依
托现有对话机制，基于以下要素，到将于今年5月举行的第三轮中美战略与经济对话
时进一步确立全面经济合作框架。
23、为推进中美两国和世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长，双方同意加强宏观经济
政策沟通与合作：
（1）美国将重点减少中期联邦赤字，确保长期财政可持续性，并对汇率过度波动保
持警惕。美联储近年来已采取重要步骤增强其传递未来展望和长期目标的清晰度。
（2）中国将继续加大力度扩大内需，促进服务部门的私人投资，更大程度地发挥市
场在资源配置中的基础性作用。中国将继续坚持推进人民币汇率形成机制改革，增
强人民币汇率弹性，转变经济发展方式。
（3）双方同意继续实施前瞻性货币政策并关注其对国际经济的影响。
两国支援欧洲领导人为增强市场稳定性和促进可持续长期增长所做出的努力。
24、双方认识到开放的贸易和投资对促进经济增长、创造就业、创新和繁荣的重要
意义，重申将采取进一步措施推进全球贸易和投资自由化，反对贸易和投资保护主
义。双方也同意愿本著建设性、合作性和互利性的态度，积极解决双边贸易和投资
争端。
25、两国领导人强调将指示其谈判代表进行跨领域的谈判，在维护世界贸易组织多
哈发展回合授权、锁定已有成果的基础上，促使多哈回合谈判尽快取得成功、富有
雄心、全面和平衡的结果。双方同意加强和扩大两国谈判代表的参与度以完成谈判。
26、两国领导人同意实现更加平衡的贸易关系的重要性，并高度赞扬包括近期在华
盛顿举行的第21届中美商贸联委会在此方面取得的进展。
27、中方将坚持保护知识产权，包括进行审计以确保各级政府机关使用正版软体，
并依法公布审计结果。中国的创新政策与提供政府采购优惠不挂钩。美方欢迎中方
同意在世界贸易组织政府采购委员会2011年最后一次会议前提交一份强有力的新的
修改出价，其中包括次中央实体。
28、两国领导人认识到培育开放、公平和透明的投资环境对两国经济和世界经济的
重要性，重申双方继续致力于推进双边投资协定谈判。双方认识到成功的双边投资
协定谈判将通过促进和保护投资，为双方投资者增强透明度和可预见性，支援开放
的全球经济。中方欢迎美方承诺通过中美商贸联委会以一种合作的方式迅速承认中
国市场经济地位。中方欢迎中美双方讨论美国正在推进的出口管制体系改革，以及
在符合美国国家安全利益的前提下这一改革对美向包括中国在内的主要贸易夥伴出
口的潜在影响。
29、双方进一步认识到双边商贸关系广阔和强有力的特点，包括此访所达成的合同，
双方欢迎双边商贸关系经济上的互利性。
30、双方同意继续通过将要举行的中美战略与经济对话、中美商贸联委会等进程致
力于推进双边经济关系取得具体进展。
31、双方认识到企业在两国基础设施建设中发挥积极作用的潜力，并愿加强在这一
领域的合作。
32、双方承诺深化在金融部门投资和监管领域的双边和多边合作，在符合审慎监管
并与国家安全要求一致的情况下，支援为金融服务和跨境证券投资领域营造开放的
投资环境。美方承诺确保“政府支援企业”具有足够资本和能力以履行其财务责任。
33、中美双方认同纳入特别提款权的货币应仅为在国际贸易和国际金融交易中广泛
使用的货币。鉴此，美方支援中方逐步推动将人民币纳入特别提款权的努力。
34、双方承诺致力于加强全球金融体系和改革国际金融框架。双方将继续强有力的
合作以提高国际货币基金组织和多边开发银行的合法性和有效性。为实现联合国千
年发展目标，双方将共同促进国际社会援助发展中国家、特别是最不发达国家的努
力。双方还将与多边开发银行协作，寻求合作支援包括非洲在内的全球减贫、发展
和区域一体化，为包容和可持续的经济增长作出贡献。
35、双方重申支援20国集团强劲、可持续和平衡增长框架，重申在20国集团首尔峰
会公报中的承诺，包括采取一系列措施巩固全球经济复苏、减少过度外部失衡并将
经常账户失衡保持在可持续水准。双方支援20国集团在国际经济和金融事务中发挥
更大作用，并承诺加强沟通协调，落实20国集团峰会承诺，推动戛纳峰会取得积极
成果。
气候变化、能源和环境合作
36、双方认为气候变化和能源安全是当今时代两大重要挑战。中美同意继续就应对
气候变化行动进行密切磋商，为实现两国和世界人民的能源安全而开展协调，加强
现有清洁能源合作，确保市场开放，在气候友好型能源领域推动互利投资，鼓励清
洁能源，推动先进清洁能源技术开发。
37、双方积极评价中美清洁能源研究中心、可再生能源夥伴关系、《中美能源安全
合作联合声明》和中美能源合作项目启动以来两国在清洁能源和能源安全领域合作
取得的进展。双方重申继续就能源政策进行交流，在石油、天然气（包括页岩气）、
民用核能、风能和太阳能、智能电网、先进生物燃料、清洁煤、能效、电动汽车及
清洁能源技术标准等领域进行合作。
38、双方积极评价《中美能源和环境十年合作框架》自2008年启动以来取得的进展。
双方同意在该框架下进一步加强务实合作，落实水、大气、交通、电力、保护区和
湿地、能效等优先领域的行动计划，开展政策对话,实施绿色合作夥伴计划。双方高
兴地宣布两个新的绿色合作夥伴计划。双方欢迎两国地方政府、企业、研究机构参
与十年合作框架，共同探索中美能源环境合作的创新模式。双方对根据十年合作框
架将于2011年开展的合作项目和活动表示欢迎。
39、双方对坎昆协议表示欢迎，认为应对气候变化的努力也应促进经济社会发展。
双方同意与其他国家一道，积极推动《联合国气候变化框架公约》的全面、有效、
持续落实，包括落实坎昆协议，并支援今年的南非会议达成积极成果。
扩展人文交流
40、中美两国一贯支援开展更加广泛深入的人文交流，这也是双方建设相互尊重、
互利共赢中美合作夥伴关系努力的一部分。双方同意采取切实步骤加强人文交流。
双方满意地注意到，2010年上海世博会取得成功，中方对美国馆的成功展示向美方
表示祝贺。双方宣布建立中美省州长论坛，决定进一步支援两国地方各级在一系列
领域开展交流合作，包括增强友好省州和友好城市关系。中美还同意采取切实措施，
特别是通过“10万人留学中国计划”，加强两国青年之间的对话与交流。美方热忱
欢迎更多中国学生赴美留学，并将继续为他们提供签证便利。双方同意讨论扩大文
化交流的途径，包括探讨举办中美文化年及其他活动。双方强调将进一步推动相互
旅游并为此提供便利。双方认为，所有上述活动都有助于深化了解、互信与合作。
结语
41、胡锦涛主席感谢欧巴马总统和美国人民在他访问期间给予的热情款待。中美两
国元首认为，此访进一步推进了两国关系，双方决心共同努力建设相互尊重、互利
共赢的合作夥伴关系。两国元首均深信，一个更加强有力的中美关系不仅符合两国
人民的根本利益，也有利于整个亚太地区乃至全世界。
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China and the United States on Wednesday issued a joint statement, which
covers a range of issues such as strengthening bilateral relations, addressing
regional and global challenges, building a comprehensive and mutually beneficial
economic partnership, and cooperating on climate change, energy and the
environment. Following is the full text of the joint statement:
China-U.S. Joint Statement
1. At the invitation of President Barack Obama of the United States of America,
President Hu Jintao of the People's Republic of China is paying a state
visit to the United States of America on January 18-21, 2011. During his
visit, President Hu also met with Vice President Joseph Biden, will meet
with U.S. Congressional leadership, and will visit Chicago.
2. The two Presidents reviewed the progress made in the relationship since
President Obama's November 2009 state visit to China and reaffirmed their
commitment to building a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-U.S.
relationship for the 21st century, which serves the interests of the Chinese
and American peoples and of the global community. The two sides reaffirmed
that the three Joint Communiques issued by China and the United States laid
the political foundation for the relationship and will continue to guide
the development of China-U.S. relations. The two sides reaffirmed respect
for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The Presidents further
reaffirmed their commitment to the November 2009 China-U.S. Joint Statement.
3. China and the United States are committed to work together to build a
cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit in order
to promote the common interests of both countries and to address the 21st
century's opportunities and challenges. China and the United States are
actively cooperating on a wide range of security, economic, social, energy,
and environmental issues which require deeper bilateral engagement and coordination.
The two leaders agreed that broader and deeper collaboration with international
partners and institutions is required to develop and implement sustainable
solutions and to promote peace, stability, prosperity, and the well-being
of peoples throughout the world.
Strengthening China-U.S. Relations
4. Recognizing the importance of the common challenges that they face together,
China and the United States decided to continue working toward a partnership
that advances common interests, addresses shared concerns, and highlights
international responsibilities. The two leaders recognize that the relationship
between China and the United States is both vital and complex. China and
the United States have set an example of positive and cooperative relations
between countries, despite different political systems, historical and cultural
backgrounds, and levels of economic development. The two sides agreed to
work further to nurture and deepen bilateral strategic trust to enhance
their relations. They reiterated the importance of deepening dialogue aimed
at expanding practical cooperation and affirmed the need to work together
to address areas of disagreement, expand common ground, and strengthen coordination
on a range of issues.
5. The United States reiterated that it welcomes a strong, prosperous and
successful China that plays a greater role in world affairs. China welcomes
the United States as an Asia-Pacific nation that contributes to peace, stability
and prosperity in the region. Working together, both leaders support efforts
to build a more stable, peaceful, and prosperous Asia-Pacific region for
the 21st century.
6. Both sides underscored the importance of the Taiwan issue in China-U.S.
relations. The Chinese side emphasized that the Taiwan issue concerns China's
sovereignty and territorial integrity, and expressed the hope that the U.S.
side will honor its relevant commitments and appreciate and support the
Chinese side's position on this issue. The U.S. side stated that the United
States follows its one-China policy and abides by the principles of the
three China-U.S. Joint Communiques. The United States applauded the Economic
Cooperation Framework Agreement between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait
and welcomed the new lines of communications developing between them. The
United States supports the peaceful development of relations across the Taiwan
Strait and looks forward to efforts by both sides to increase dialogues and
interactions in economic, political, and other fields, and to develop more
positive and stable cross-Strait relations.
7. China and the United States reiterated their commitment to the promotion
and protection of human rights, even as they continue to have significant
differences on these issues. The United States stressed that the promotion
of human rights and democracy is an important part of its foreign policy.
China stressed that there should be no interference in any country's internal
affairs. China and the United States underscored that each country and its
people have the right to choose their own path, and all countries should
respect each other's choice of a development model. Addressing differences
on human rights in a spirit of equality and mutual respect, as well as promoting
and protecting human rights consistent with international instruments, the
two sides agreed to hold the next round of the China-U.S. Human Rights Dialogue
before the third round of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED).
8. China and the United States agreed to hold the next round of the resumed
Legal Experts Dialogue before the next Human Rights Dialogue convenes. China
and the United States further agreed to strengthen cooperation in the field
of law and exchanges on the rule of law. China and the United States are
actively exploring exchanges and discussions on the increasing role of women
in society.
9. China and the United States affirmed that a healthy, stable and reliable
military-to-military relationship is an essential part of President Hu's
and President Obama's shared vision for a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive
China-U.S. relationship. Both sides agreed on the need for enhanced and
substantive dialogue and communication at all levels: to reduce misunderstanding,
misperception, and miscalculation; to foster greater understanding and
expand mutual interest; and to promote the healthy, stable, and reliable
development of the military-to-military relationship. Both sides noted the
successful visit of Secretary of Defense Robert Gates to China earlier this
month, and that the United States welcomes Chief of the PLA General Staff
General Chen Bingde to the United States in the first half of 2011. Both
sides reaffirmed that the Defense Consultative Talks, the Defense Policy
Coordination Talks, and the Military Maritime Consultative Agreement will
remain important channels of communication in the future. Both sides will
work to execute the seven priority areas for developing military-to-military
relations as agreed to by Secretary Gates and General Xu Caihou, Vice Chairman
of the Central Military Commission in October 2009.
10. China and the United States agreed to take specific actions to deepen
dialogue and exchanges in the field of space. The United States invited
a Chinese delegation to visit NASA headquarters and other appropriate NASA
facilities in 2011 to reciprocate for the productive visit of the U.S. NASA
Administrator to China in 2010. The two sides agreed to continue discussions
on opportunities for practical future cooperation in the space arena, based
on principles of transparency, reciprocity, and mutual benefit.
11. China and the United States acknowledged the accomplishments under the
bilateral Agreement on Cooperation in Science and Technology, one of the
longest-standing bilateral agreements between the two countries, and welcomed
the signing of its extension. China and the United States will continue
to cooperate in such diverse areas as agriculture, health, energy, environment,
fisheries, student exchanges, and technological innovation in order to
advance mutual well-being.
12. China and the United States welcomed progress by the China-U.S. Joint
Liaison Group on Law Enforcement Cooperation (JLG) to strengthen law enforcement
cooperation across a range of issues, including counterterrorism. China
and the United States also agreed to enhance joint efforts to combat corruption
through bilateral and other means.
Promoting High-Level Exchanges
13. The two sides agreed that high-level exchanges are indispensable to
strong China-U.S. relations, and that close, frequent, and in-depth dialogue
is important to advance bilateral relations and international peace and
development. In this spirit, both Presidents look forward to meeting again
in the coming year, including in the state of Hawaii for the U.S.-hosted
2011 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders' meeting. China welcomed
Vice President Biden for a visit in 2011. The United States welcomed a subsequent
visit by Vice President Xi Jinping.
14. The two sides praised the S&ED as a key mechanism for coordination between
the two governments, and agreed to hold the third round of the S&ED in Washington,
D.C., in May 2011. The S&ED has played an important role in helping build
trust and confidence between the two countries. The two sides also agreed
to hold the second meeting of the High-Level Consultation on People-to-People
Exchange in the United States in the spring of 2011, and the 22nd meeting
of the China-U.S. Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) in China
in the second half of 2011. The two sides agreed to maintain close communication
between the foreign ministers of the two countries through mutual visits,
meetings, and other means.
15. The two sides emphasized the importance of continued interaction between
their legislatures, including institutionalized exchanges between the National
People's Congress of China and the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.
Addressing Regional and Global Challenges
16. The two sides believe that China and the United States have a common
interest in promoting peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region and
beyond, and agreed to enhance communication and coordination to address
pressing regional and global challenges. The two sides undertake to act
to protect the global environment and to work in concert on global issues
to help safeguard and promote the sustainable development of all countries
and peoples. Specifically, China and the United States agreed to advance
cooperation to: counter violent extremism; prevent the proliferation of
nuclear weapons, other weapons of mass destruction, and their means of delivery;
strengthen nuclear security; eliminate infectious disease and hunger; end
extreme poverty; respond effectively to the challenge of climate change;
counter piracy; prevent and mitigate disasters; address cyber-security;
fight transnational crime; and combat trafficking in persons. In coordination
with other parties, China and the United States will endeavor to increase
cooperation to address common concerns and promote shared interests.
17. China and the United States underlined their commitment to the eventual
realization of a world without nuclear weapons and the need to strengthen
the international nuclear non-proliferation regime to address the threats
of nuclear proliferation and nuclear terrorism. In this regard, both sides
support early entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
(CTBT), reaffirmed their support for the early commencement of negotiations
on a Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty in the Conference on Disarmament, and
agreed to work together to reach these goals. The two sides also noted their
deepening cooperation on nuclear security following the Washington Nuclear
Security Summit and signed a Memorandum of Understanding that will help
establish a Center of Excellence on Nuclear Security in China.
18. China and the United States agreed on the critical importance of maintaining
peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula as underscored by the Joint
Statement of September 19, 2005 and relevant UN Security Council Resolutions.
Both sides expressed concern over heightened tensions on the Peninsula
triggered by recent developments. The two sides noted their continuing efforts
to cooperate closely on matters concerning the Peninsula. China and the
United States emphasized the importance of an improvement in North-South
relations and agreed that sincere and constructive inter-Korean dialogue
is an essential step. Agreeing on the crucial importance of denuclearization
of the Peninsula in order to preserve peace and stability in Northeast Asia,
China and the United States reiterated the need for concrete and effective
steps to achieve the goal of denuclearization and for full implementation
of the other commitments made in the September 19, 2005 Joint Statement
of the Six-Party Talks. In this context, China and the United States expressed
concern regarding the DPRK's claimed uranium enrichment program. Both sides
oppose all activities inconsistent with the 2005 Joint Statement and relevant
international obligations and commitments. The two sides called for the
necessary steps that would allow for early resumption of the Six-Party Talks
process to address this and other relevant issues.
19. On the Iranian nuclear issue, China and the United States reiterated
their commitment to seeking a comprehensive and long-term solution that
would restore international confidence in the exclusively peaceful nature
of Iran's nuclear program. Both sides agreed that Iran has the right to
peaceful uses of nuclear energy under the Non-Proliferation Treaty and that
Iran should fulfill its due international obligations under that treaty.
Both sides called for full implementation of all relevant UN Security Council
Resolutions. China and the United States welcomed and will actively participate
in the P5+1 process with Iran, and stressed the importance of all parties
-- including Iran -- committing to a constructive dialogue process.
20. Regarding Sudan, China and the United States agreed to fully support
the North-South peace process, including full and effective implementation
of Sudan's Comprehensive Peace Agreement. The two sides stressed the need
for all sides to respect the result of a free, fair, and transparent referendum.
Both China and the United States expressed concern on the Darfur issue
and believed that further, substantive progress should be made in the political
process in Darfur to promote the early, comprehensive, and appropriate solution
to this issue. Both China and the United States have a continuing interest
in the maintenance of peace and stability in the wider region.
21. The two sides agreed to enhance communication and coordination in the
Asia-Pacific region in a spirit of mutual respect and cooperation, and to
work together with other Asia-Pacific countries, including through multilateral
institutions, to promote peace, stability, and prosperity.
Building a Comprehensive and Mutually Beneficial Economic Partnership
22. President Hu and President Obama recognized the vital importance of
working together to build a cooperative economic partnership of mutual respect
and mutual benefit to both countries and to the global economy. The two
leaders agreed to promote comprehensive economic cooperation, and will further
develop a framework of comprehensive economic cooperation, relying on existing
mechanisms, by the third round of the S&ED in May, based on the main elements
outlined below:
23. The two sides agreed to strengthen macroeconomic communication and cooperation,
in support of strong, sustainable and balanced growth in the United States,
China and the global economy.
-- The United States will focus on reducing its medium-term federal deficit
and ensuring long-term fiscal sustainability, and will maintain vigilance
against excess volatility in exchange rates. The Federal Reserve has taken
important steps in recent years to increase the clarity of its communications
regarding its outlook and longer-run objectives.-- China will intensify
efforts to expand domestic demand, to promote private investment in the
service sector, and to give greater play to the fundamental role of the market
in resource allocation. China will continue to promote RMB exchange rate
reform, enhance RMB exchange rate flexibility, and promote the transformation
of its economic development model.-- Both sides agree to continue to pursue
forward-looking monetary policies with due regards to the ramifications
of those policies for the international economy.
The two sides affirmed support for efforts by European leaders to reinforce
market stability and promote sustainable, long-term growth.
24. The two countries, recognizing the importance of open trade and investment
in fostering economic growth, job creation, innovation, and prosperity,
affirmed their commitment to take further steps to liberalize global trade
and investment, and to oppose trade and investment protectionism. The two
sides also agreed to work proactively to resolve bilateral trade and investment
disputes in a constructive, cooperative, and mutually beneficial manner.
25. The two leaders emphasized their strong commitment to direct their negotiators
to engage in across-the-board negotiations to promptly bring the WTO Doha
Development Round to a successful, ambitious, comprehensive, and balanced
conclusion, consistent with the mandate of the Doha Development Round and
built on the progress already achieved. The two sides agreed that engagement
between our representatives must intensify and expand in order to complete
the end game.
26. The two leaders agreed on the importance of achieving a more balanced
trade relationship, and spoke highly of the progress made on this front,
including at the recent 21st Meeting of the Joint Commission on Commerce
and Trade in Washington, D.C.
27. China will continue to strengthen its efforts to protect IPR, including
by conducting audits to ensure that government agencies at all levels use
legitimate software and by publishing the auditing results as required by
China's law. China will not link its innovation policies to the provision
of government procurement preferences. The United States welcomed China's
agreement to submit a robust, second revised offer to the WTO Government
Procurement Committee before the Committee's final meeting in 2011, which
will include sub-central entities.
28. The two leaders acknowledged the importance of fostering open, fair,
and transparent investment environments to their domestic economies and
to the global economy and reaffirmed their commitment to the ongoing Bilateral
Investment Treaty (BIT) negotiations, recognizing that a successful BIT
negotiation would support an open global economy by facilitating and protecting
investment, and enhancing transparency and predictability for investors
of both countries. China welcomed the United States' commitment to consult
through the JCCT in a cooperative manner to work towards China's Market
Economy Status in an expeditious manner. China welcomed discussion between
the two sides on the ongoing reform of the U.S. export control system, and
its potential implications for U.S. exports to its major trading partners,
including China, consistent with U.S. national security interests.
29. The two sides further acknowledged the deep and robust nature of the
commercial relationship, including the contracts concluded at this visit,
and welcomed the mutual economic benefits resulting from the relationship.
30. The two sides agreed to continue working to make concrete progress on
the bilateral economic relationship through the upcoming S&ED and the JCCT
process.
31. China and the United States recognized the potential for their firms
to play a positive role in the infrastructure development in each country
and agreed to strengthen cooperation in this area.
32. The two countries committed to deepen bilateral and multilateral cooperation
on financial sector investment and regulation, and support open environments
for investment in financial services and cross-border portfolio investment,
consistent with prudential and national security requirements. The United
States is committed to ensuring that the GSEs have sufficient capital and
the ability to meet their financial obligations.
33. China and the United States agree that currencies in the SDR basket
should only be those that are heavily used in international trade and financial
transactions. In that regard, the United States supports China's efforts
over time to promote inclusion of the RMB in the SDR basket.
34. The two countries pledged to work together to strengthen the global
financial system and reform the international financial architecture. The
two sides will continue their strong cooperation to strengthen the legitimacy
and improve the effectiveness of the International Monetary Fund and Multilateral
Development Banks (MDBs). The two sides will jointly promote efforts of
the international community to assist developing countries, in particular
the Least Developed Countries to achieve the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). The two sides will also, in partnership with the Multilateral Development
Banks, explore cooperation that supports global poverty reduction and development,
and regional integration including in Africa, to contribute to inclusive
and sustainable economic growth.
35. The two countries reiterated their support for the G-20 Framework for
Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth and reaffirmed their commitments
made in the Seoul Summit Declaration, including using the full range of
policies to strengthen the global recovery and to reduce excessive imbalances
and maintain current account imbalances at sustainable levels. The two sides
support a bigger role for the G-20 in international economic and financial
affairs, and pledged to strengthen communication and coordination to follow
through on the commitments of the G-20 summits and push for positive outcomes
at the Cannes Summit.
Cooperating on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment
36. The two sides view climate change and energy security as two of the
greatest challenges of our time. China and the United States agreed to continue
their close consultations on action to address climate change, coordinate
to achieve energy security for our peoples and the world, build on existing
clean energy cooperation, ensure open markets, promote mutually beneficial
investment in climate friendly energy, encourage clean energy, and facilitate
advanced clean energy technology development.
37. Both sides applauded the progress made in clean energy and energy security since the launch of the China-U.S. Clean Energy Research Center, Renewable Energy Partnership, China-U.S. Joint Statement on Energy Security Cooperation, and Energy Cooperation Program (ECP). Both sides reaffirmed their ongoing exchanges on energy policy and cooperation on oil, natural gas (including shale gas), civilian nuclear energy, wind and solar energy, smart grid, advanced bio-fuels, clean coal, energy efficiency, electric vehicles and clean energy technology standards.
38. The two sides commended the progress made since the launch of the China-U.S. Ten Year Framework on Energy and Environment Cooperation (TYF) in 2008. They agreed to further strengthen practical cooperation under the TYF, carry out action plans in the priority areas of water, air, transportation, electricity, protected areas, wetlands, and energy efficiency, engage in policy dialogues, and implement the EcoPartnerships program. China and the United States were also pleased to announce two new EcoPartnerships. The two sides welcomed local governments, enterprises, and research institutes of the two countries to participate in the TYF, and jointly explore innovative models for China-U.S. energy and environment cooperation. The two sides welcomed the cooperation projects and activities which will be carried out in 2011 under the TYF.
39. The two sides welcomed the Cancun Agreements and believed that it is important that efforts to address climate change also advance economic and social development. Working together and with other countries, the two sides agreed to actively promote the comprehensive, effective, and sustained implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, including the implementation of the Cancun agreements and support efforts to achieve positive outcomes at this year's conference in South Africa.
Expanding People-to-People Exchanges
40. China and the United States have long supported deeper and broader people-to-people ties as part of a larger effort to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit. Both sides agreed to take concrete steps to enhance these people-to-people exchanges. Both sides noted with satisfaction the successful Expo 2010 in Shanghai, and the Chinese side complimented the United States on its USA Pavilion. The two sides announced the launch of a China-U.S. Governors Forum and decided to further support exchanges and cooperation at local levels in a variety of fields, including support for the expansion of the sister province and city relationships. China and the United States also agreed to take concrete steps to strengthen dialogue and exchanges between their young people, particularly through the 100,000 Strong Initiative. The United States warmly welcomes more Chinese students in American educational institutions, and will continue to facilitate visa issuance for them. The two sides agreed to discuss ways of expanding cultural interaction, including exploring a China-U.S. cultural year event and other activities. The two sides underscored their commitment to further promoting and facilitating increased tourism. China and the United States agreed that all these activities help deepen understanding, trust, and cooperation.
Conclusion
41. President Hu Jintao expressed his thanks to President Obama and the American people for their warm reception and hospitality during his visit. The two Presidents agreed that the visit has furthered China-U.S. relations, and both sides resolved to work together to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit. The two Presidents shared a deep belief that a stronger China-U.S. relationship not only serves the fundamental interests of their respective peoples, but also benefits the entire Asia-Pacific region and the world. [/SIZE]
