科学家发现我们可能并非生活在同一个世界
2014-11-03 05:53 腾讯
11月2日,据国外媒体报道,科学家发现“平行宇宙”可能确实存在,我们其实生活在多个版本的世界中,但这些世界在某些时空中存在相互影响的现象。平行宇宙是个非常奇特的世界,每个事件都有截然相反的版本,在某个世界中恐龙没有灭绝,其仍然统治着地球,或者恐龙在6500万年前“如期灭绝”,但是德军却赢得了二战胜利,而你也可能出生在一个完全不同的国家,从这些信息看,平行宇宙的世界显然非常有趣。来自美国和澳大利亚的研究人员发现,平行宇宙之间可能相互影响,今天的世界也可能是在别的宇宙中出现。
平行宇宙听起来像是科幻小说的情节,科学家发现如果平行宇宙存在,那么可以解决量子力学中一些违背常规的问题,这些疑问困扰了科学家许多年。此前的理论认为,平行宇宙之间不会发生相互联系,是相互独立发展的,但最新的研究发现平行宇宙之间可能存在互动,并相互影响,其作用机制能够用奇异的量子力学进行解释。来自格里菲斯大学和加利福尼亚大学的科学家对平行宇宙的理论进行了研究,发现奇妙的量子力学能够主导平行宇宙之间的联系,也解决了物理学上的一些难题。
量子力学有着怪异的现象,量子现象无法用宏观的理论进行解释,格里菲斯大学物理学教授霍华德·怀斯曼认为自1957年开始,基于量子力学的平行宇宙理论就已经提出,之后科学家发现量子力学的许多现象与我们所认为的宏观事实相违背,违反了一些因果定律,比如著名的多世界理论,该理论认为每次测量结果都会导致宇宙出现无数个“分裂”,并形成无数个可能的结果,这样让许多科学家对量子力学主导的世界无所适从。
休?埃弗雷特是多世界理论的提出者,早期的多世界理论认为一个事件的不同结果存在于不同的平行宇宙中,但每个宇宙之间并不存在相互联系,格里菲斯大学和加利福尼亚大学的科学家再次将这个理论进行了升华,发现平行宇宙之间存在联系。科学家认为宇宙是一个全息图,宇宙中存在九个空间维度和一个时间维度,去年12月,日本研究人员证明数学原理可能解释全息理论,这意味着宇宙的全息性可能是正确的。
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[中文媒体翻译错误太多,还是看原文吧]
'Parallel universes DO exist': Multiple versions of us are living in alternate worlds that interact with each other, theory claims
- The parallel worlds constantly influence one another, researchers claim
- This is because, instead of a collapse in which quantum particles 'choose' to occupy one state or another, they in fact occupy both, simultaneously
- The theory could resolve some of the irregularities in quantum mechanics
- It states some worlds are almost identical to ours, but most are different
- Theory may even create possibility of one day testing for these worlds
By
ELLIE ZOLFAGHARIFARD FOR MAILONLINE
PUBLISHED: 16:48 GMT, 31 October 2014 | UPDATED: 01:22 GMT, 1 November 2014
Imagine a world where dinosaurs hadn't become extinct, Germany had won World War II and you were born in an entirely different country.
These worlds could exist today in parallel universes, which constantly interact with each other, according to a group of US and Australian researchers.
It may sound like science fiction, but the new theory could resolve some of the irregularities in quantum mechanics that have baffled scientists for centuries.
The team proposes that parallel universes really exist, and that they interact. That is, rather than evolving independently, nearby worlds influence one another by a subtle force of repulsion. They show that such an interaction could explain everything that is bizarre about quantum mechanic
The team from Griffiths University and the University of California suggest that rather than evolving independently, nearby worlds influence one another by a subtle force of repulsion.
They claim that such an interaction could explain everything that is bizarre about how particles operate on a microscopic scale.
Quantum mechanics is notoriously difficult to fathom, exhibiting weird phenomena which seem to violate the laws of cause and effect.
'The idea of parallel universes in quantum mechanics has been around since 1957,' said Howard Wiseman, a professor in Physics at Griffith University.
'In the well-known 'Many-Worlds Interpretation'', each universe branches into a bunch of new universes every time a quantum measurement is made.
'All possibilities are therefore realised – in some universes the dinosaur-killing asteroid missed Earth. In others, Australia was colonised by the Portuguese.'
'But critics question the reality of these other universes, since they do not influence our universe at all.
'On this score, our 'Many Interacting Worlds' approach is completely different, as its name implies.'
The Many Worlds theory was first proposed by Hugh Everett, who said that the ability of quantum particles to occupy two states seemingly at once could be explained by both states co-existing in different universes.
Instead of a collapse in which quantum particles 'choose' to occupy one state or another, they in fact occupy both, simultaneously.
IS OUR UNIVERSE A HOLOGRAM? UNIVERSE COULD BE A MERE PROJECTION
The holographic model suggests gravity in the universe comes from thin, vibrating strings. These strings are holograms of events that take place in a simpler, flatter cosmos
The universe is a hologram and everything you can see - including this article and the device you are reading it on - is a mere projection.
This is according to a controversial model proposed in 1997 by theoretical physicist Juan Maldacena.
Until now the bizarre theory had never been tested, but recent mathematical models suggest that the mind-boggling principle could be true.
According to the theory, gravity in the universe comes from thin, vibrating strings.
These strings are holograms of events that take place in a simpler, flatter cosmos. Professor Maldacena's model suggests that the universe exists in nine dimensions of space, and one of time.
In December, Japanese researchers attempted to tackle this problem by providing mathematical evidence that the holographic principle might be correct.
The holographic principle suggests that, like the security chip on a credit card for example, there is a two-dimensional surface that contains all the information needed to describe a three-dimensional object - which in this case is our universe.
In essence, the principle claims that data containing a description of a volume of space - such as a human or a comet - could be hidden in a region of this flattened, 'real' version of the universe.
In a black hole, for instance, all the objects that ever fall into it would be entirely contained in surface fluctuations. This means that the objects would be stored almost as 'memory' or fragment of data rather than a physical object in existence.
Like Everett, Professor Wiseman and his colleagues propose the universe we experience is just one of a gigantic number of worlds.
They believe some are almost identical to ours, while most are very different.
All of these worlds are equally real, existing continuously through time, and possessing precisely defined properties.
They suggest that quantum phenomena arise from a universal force of repulsion between 'nearby' worlds which tend to make them more dissimilar.
Dr Michael Hall from Griffith's Centre for Quantum Dynamics added that the 'Many-Interacting Worlds' theory may even create the extraordinary possibility of testing for the existence of other worlds.
'The beauty of our approach is that if there is just one world, our theory reduces to Newtonian mechanics, while if there is a gigantic number of worlds it reproduces quantum mechanics,' he says.
Dr Michael Hall from Griffith's Centre for Quantum Dynamics says the 'Many-Interacting Worlds' theory may even create the extraordinary possibility of testing for the existence of other worlds
'In between it predicts something new that is neither Newton's theory nor quantum theory.
'We also believe that, in providing a new mental picture of quantum effects, it will be useful in planning experiments to test and exploit quantum phenomena.'
'For us at least there is nothing inherently implausible in the idea,' added Professor Wiseman.
'For fans of science fiction it makes those plots involving communication between parallel worlds not quite so far-fetched after all.'
The ability to approximate quantum evolution using a finite number of worlds could have significant ramifications in molecular dynamics, which is important for understanding chemical reactions and the action of drugs.
Professor Bill Poirier, Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Texas Tech University, has observed: 'These are great ideas, not only conceptually, but also with regard to the new numerical breakthroughs they are almost certain to engender.'
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencet...lds-interact-theory-claims.html#ixzz3I13sWk4U