挪亚方舟的真相

[耶野野]

《圣经》里记载公元前有犹太人存在的时候，人类被上帝灭亡了一次但犹太人的历史才多少年,从有犹太人起，地球根本没毁灭性的大洪水毁灭整个人类。而后靠挪亞一家繁衍？

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《圣经》里记载了上帝因为人们的邪恶要让洪水淹没世界只留下挪亚的一家。按照《圣经》的意思就是在洪水后，人类都死了就是挪亚的一家，后来的人都是他们的孩子。

Gen 6:4 那時候有偉人在地上、後來　神的兒子們、和人的女子們交合生子、那就是上古英武有名的人。
Gen 6:5 耶和華見人在地上罪惡很大、終日所思想的盡都是惡．
Gen 6:6 耶和華就後悔造人在地上、心中憂傷。
Gen 6:7 耶和華說、我要將所造的人、和走獸、並昆蟲、以及空中的飛鳥、都從地上除滅、因為我造他們後悔了。
Gen 6:8 惟有挪亞在耶和華眼前蒙恩。
Gen 7:6 當洪水氾濫在地上的時候、挪亞整六百歲。
Gen 7:7 挪亞就同他的妻、和兒子、兒婦、都進入方舟、躲避洪水。


按《圣经》最重要的的章节：创世纪（试图描述地球的形成和人类的起源是上帝造）描述上帝（耶和華）用洪水毁灭了全部的人类的生命，除了挪亚一家得以保全。这就是说如今的人类全是挪亚的后代，都是犹太人哈哈。而事实就从有犹太人起世界就没有被毁灭的过，根本是胡说！

中国《山海经》对大洪水的记载
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中国《山海经》描写，从公元前6千年以后，古人开始移向平地。到了公元前4千年，古人广泛分布在平地的水边，这样的地方考古叫作“台地”。古人为什么从山地移向平地？古人居住地的迁移为什么从距今万年以后开始？这件事与古地貌的“大洪水”有关。在万年以前，爆发了一场世界性的大洪水。地表气候变暖，从“冰期”进入“暖期”。地表变暖引起了海水上涨，海平面上升，年轻的“冲积平原”在这个时期形成。山海经人从山地（的山洞）走出来，走向水边平地，走向平原。人类的黎明开始了：建起了“穴屋”，组成村落，烧制陶器，实现了对“野生粟”的熟食，狗的饲养也从这个时期开始。人类的第一种关系，始族关系建立起来，告别动物界，开始以“社会”的方式生存。（<<山海经－－－古地貌与大洪水>> http://vip.book.sina.com.cn/book/ch...文化时期(公元前4000-500年)，从来没有灭绝过的历史证据，只有文化一直是延续的证明。 上述两个文化时期,均有陶器和农作物遗存，均具备酿酒的物质条件。



各国古代多有大洪水的传说
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大洪水是世界多个民族的共同传说，在人类学家的研究中发现，美索不达米亚、希腊、印度、中国、玛雅等文明中，都有洪水灭世的传说。当中，位于美索不达米亚各民族的传说很明显有同一来源，基督教徒相信并声称由于往后各民族的居住地逐渐分散，使这个传说也变得变化多端。而另一方面，随着世界各地重新认识他们过去的文化和传说，大家都惊奇地发现原来这个“大洪水”传说在世界各地都有流传。因此，历史学家现在都致力找寻各地的传说，并试图从当中找出一些过去的信息。在美索不達米亞文明中，也有與《創世紀》的記載平行的故事，例如蘇美爾神話中記載一位叫祖蘇德拉的人，受神明的警告而建造了一艘船艦，並因此逃過了一場將人類消滅的洪水，此外在其他地區，也有許多相似的故事，是世界上廣泛流傳的相似傳說故事之一。



《圣经》抄袭苏美尔神话
**********************

大洪水是世界多个民族的共同传说，在人类学家的研究中发现，美索不达米亚、希腊、印度、中国、玛雅等文明中，都有洪水灭世的传说。当中，位于美索不达米亚各民族的传说很明显有同一来源，基督教徒相信并声称由于往后各民族的居住地逐渐分散，使这个传说也变得变化多端。而另一方面，随着世界各地重新认识他们过去的文化和传说，大家都惊奇地发现原来这个“大洪水”传说在世界各地都有流传。特别在美索不达米亚文明中（公元前4000开始繁荣），也有与《创世纪》的记载洪水的故事，例如苏美尔神话中记载一位叫祖苏德拉的人，受神明的警告而建造了一艘船舰，并因此逃过了一场将人类消灭的洪水，此外在其他地区，也有许多相似的故事，是世界上广泛流传的相似传说故事之一。整个摩西五经都是抄袭古老中东和埃及神话，这个大洪水的故事又被《圣经》篡改成了人类灭绝的故事。



方舟是骗局？

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英国考古学家迈克?柏亚(Mike Pitt)表示，联合探险队尚未提供任何有说服性的証据。他说：“如果那里发生过洪水，能在4000年前将一艘巨轮升高至山腰，那我认为世界上可能存在这种洪水的地质証据，问题是没有。”2010年5月1日有一位叫 Randall Price 的宗教教授称影音使团称有关发现是伪造（this is all reported to be a fake）。他的电邮指出相片全是在黑海某地拍摄，在2008年夏天有10名库尔德人告诉他，一名中国人委聘的向导，聘请他们把黑海附近的木樑搬到亚拉腊山山洞。（《探险队自称在土耳其找到诺亚方舟遭质疑》），总之方舟的事实没有被世界的考古界证实过，基督教界也不再提到方舟的事了，怕招来更多的疑问和耻笑。

结论：

显然这里《圣经》里又出了大谬，如果按照《圣经》的意思我们都是挪亚的后代，犹太人？上帝没出过国所以已为犹太人那块地方就是全世界。编这样的谎话就是要恐吓信徒，要信他，然后就会唯命是从的听他的话去反对异见者，目的是通过强权的威吓要统一周边部落，旧约圣经前半部都是抄袭中东周边神话故事。古犹太人世世代代游走在沙漠，自卑感和危机感很重，作为犹太教弱小的分支，基督教看到周边国家强盛，就要盗取人家的文化来武装自己的政治。圣经的重要理论都来自与比他早很多的文明埃及神话。

埃及神话同基督教相同处其他类似处：

*耶稣就是埃及的太阳神，上帝就是埃及神话的地狱判官
*古埃及的三位一体神-奥西里斯、荷鲁斯神、伊西斯
*菲利吉亚（Phyrigia）的阿提斯（Attis），在12月25日由处女娜娜（Nana）所生，被钉死在十字架上，下葬三天后复活升天。
*波斯的密特拉（Mithra），于12月25日由处女所生，有12个门徒，做了很多神奇的事情
*伊西斯是母亲，传说她伏在奥西里斯尸体之上痛哭,与其体内的生命力相结合,结果感应怀孕而生荷鲁斯。


相关参考
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2002年出版此书 《101个圣经的神话：古代抄写员怎样发明圣经历史的》《101 Myths of the Bible: How Ancient Scribes Invented Biblical History 》
揭露埃及神话和民间故事是怎样被圣经抄袭的
[ame="http://www.amazon.com/101-Myths-Bible-Invented-Biblical/dp/1570718423"]101 Myths of the Bible: How Ancient Scribes Invented Biblical History: Gary Greenberg: 0760789202506: Amazon.com: Books[/ame]
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<<埃及对《圣经》创造的影响：几个不同的埃及神话对圣经创世纪章节的形成有重要影响>><<Egyptian Influence On The Biblical Creation Story：
Several different Egyptian creation myths influenced the Biblical account in Genesis>>

http://suite101.com/article/egyptian-influence-on-the-biblical-creation-story-a352697
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圣经部分是直接从埃及神话抄袭
Part Of The Bible Is Straight From Egyptian Mythology(plagiarism)
http://www.nairaland.com/112284/part-bible-straight-egyptian-mythology/1

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圣经和埃及神话的相同处
Similarities Between the Bible and Ancient Egyptian Mythology
http://www.talkparanormal.com/thread-7918.html

 

[CHRIS88]

Good questions!

I would like to strongly encourage you to study Genesis and Exodus first. You will most likely have found the answers for yourself by then. We can have a serious and meaningful discussion if you still have questions after reading these two books.

 

[focus on today]

挪亚不是犹太人。从亚伯拉罕开始有割礼（这是犹太人的传统之一），从雅各开始， 雅各的后代叫以色列人，因神给雅各改名为"以色列”。

从挪亚到亚伯拉罕有几代？ 从亚伯拉罕到雅各有几代？ 楼主可以从创世纪里查到。

 

[耶野野]

请问这里犹太人和以色列人有什么本质区别?

以色列人的时代地球人类就灭绝过一次吗？

现在的人类都是以色列人的后代吗？

根据犹太人对圣经的注释记载，犹太人的始祖是圣经中记载的亚伯拉罕（Abraham）、以撒（Isaac）和雅各（Jacob）等人，他们大约生活在公元前2000年[1]。雅各（阿拉伯语发音为葉爾孤白）是以撒的兒子、亞伯拉罕（阿拉伯發音為易卜拉欣）的孫子，後來改名叫以色列，意思是「和神搏鬥的人」。
http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/犹太人历史

 

[耶野野]

Good questions!

I would like to strongly encourage you to study Genesis and Exodus first. You will most likely have found the answers for yourself by then. We can have a serious and meaningful discussion if you still have questions after reading these two books.

《Egyptian Influence On The Biblical Creation Story》
圣经的创造来于埃及神话的影响

The Biblical creation story has often been compared to other ancient creation myths. The influence of other ancient accounts such as the Babylonian Enuma Elish and Atrahasis are generally acknowledged by historians. Perhaps less known is the influence that Egyptian myths had on the Biblical narrative.

The foundational Egyptian cosmological myth comes from the city of Heliopolis. This myth tells how the creator god created himself and then gradually the entire universe in a series of stages.

Heliopolitian Myth

The well known opening line of the Bible begins with the third stage of the Heliopolitan myth. This makes sense as the Biblical deity pre-exists creation and does not need to self create.

In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. (Gen: 1, 1)

In the Helioplotan myth first Atum creates himself, and then he creates the Twins, Shu and Tefnut who are male and female aspects of the void. Then they give birth to their children the earth god Geb and the sky-goddess Nut. The creation of earth and sky separates the void from the primeval waters. Atum then manifests in the form of the “Sole Eye” as the Sun-god Re. This begins the first day.

In this myth the first thing, after self-creation, that the creator god Atum does is to create the void which is manifest as the God Shu. In Genesis the void also exists as the second step of creation but follows the creation of earth and sky which is a reversal of the Heliopolitan order.

The division of land from water and from the sky, which is described in Gen 1, 6, is reminiscent of the Heliopolitan notion of primeval waters being the first building blocks of creation in the void.

And God said: 'Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. (Gen 1, 6)

Memphite Myth

The concept of God creating by speaking was fully developed by the Memphis mythos and this is also the foundation of God’s creative force in chapter 1 of Genesis. The ubiquitous phrase “And God said,” fills the first chapter of Genesis and little happens without God giving a spoken command.

Another example of Memphite influence can be seen In Gen 1, 9 as dry land appears amidst the water.

And God said: 'Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear.' And it was so. (Gen: 1, 9)

This is directly analogous to the Memphite belief that creation could be marked by the emergence of a primeval mound out of the waters of creation.

Hermopolitan Myth

Influence from Hermopolis is evident in Gen, 1, 2.

Now the earth was unformed and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God hovered over the face of the waters. (Gen: 1, 2)

The mention of “void”, “darkness”, “the deep”, and “the waters” in verse two shows an easy synchronization between the Genesis cosmology and the Hermopolitan mythos which defines the four primal forces as flood, waters, darkness, and chaos. Each of these aspects was given a male and female side and together they formed the Ogdoad, or eight gods, of Hermopolis. Here the use of void in place of chaos is easily understood when the influence Shu from the older Heliopolitan cosmology is considered.

In an interesting twist, the use of “deep” instead of “flood” is likely due to a deliberate rejection of the Babylonian creation myth and its personification of the deep as the goddess Tiamat. The Biblical writers used tehôm which is a non-personified cognate of Tiamat. Nevertheless the basic Ogdoad design remains.

Amun And Jehovah

The Theban Cosmology, which identifies Amun as the creator god, also shares important features with the Genesis creation account. In both myths the creator is transcendent of creation and stands apart from it. This is a significant evolution over earlier models like the Heliopolitan and Memphite myths which allow for a god who created himself as the first act of creation.

The connection between Amun and the God in Genesis is also evident in chapter two which begins the use of the term “Lord God.” In this case Lord is translated from the Hebrew proper name for God, Jehovah. Jehovah can be understood as “he who exists,” which is not dissimilar to Amun’s appellation, “he who is hidden.” Both names imply a god forever beyond the comprehension of his worshipers.

The Aten

Although the Aten religion was short lived in Egypt (ca. 1350-1330 BCE) its influence may have impacted the Old Testament writers. This religion took the idea of a remote and solitary deity to an extreme, doing away with any mythology altogether. The Bible is only one example of evidence showing that the idea of a hidden god, removed from the world of humans, remained alive well after the end of Atenism.

How manifold it is, what thou hast made!

They (the aspects of creation) are hidden from the face (of man).

O sole god, like whom there is no other!

Thou didst create the world according to thy desire,

Whilst thou wert alone: All men, cattle, and wild beasts,

Whatever is on earth, going upon (its) feet,

And what is on high, flying with its wings.

(Great Hymn to the Aten)

The ultimate power granted to the Biblical deity is similar of the power granted to the Aten which even more clearly then Amun, pre-existed and stood apart from creation. As explained in the “Great Hymn to the Aten” the Aten does not even need to speak, it merely manifests creation according to its desire.

Sources引用来源：

The Hebrew Bible www. mechon-mamre.org

Strong’s Concordance www.eliyah.com

DR. Dalley, Stephanie, (Myths from Mesopotamia, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000)

Dalley, Stephanie牛津大学博士《美索不达米亚的神话》美索不达米亚专家（亚述学）牛津大学出版社2000http://www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/staff/eanes/sdalley.html

 

[qwerty0]

　　　　　　 亚当
　　　　　　　│
　　　　　　 挪亚
　　　　　　　│
　　　 ┌────┼────┐
　　　雅弗　　 闪　　 含
　　　　　　　│
　　　　　 亚伯拉罕
　　　　　　　│
　　　 ┌────┴────┐
　 以实玛利　　　　　以撒
　　　　　　　　　　　│
　　　　　　　　　┌──┴──┐
　　　　　　　　 以扫　　雅各 (Jacob, 以色列)

 

[focus on today]

从亚当到挪亚，创世纪第五章 1-28 节，不算亚当，挪亚是第九代

从挪亚的儿子闪 到亚伯拉罕（原名叫亚伯兰）见创世纪第十一章 10 -28 节， 不算挪亚，亚伯拉罕是第九代

神给亚伯兰改名为亚伯拉罕， 见创世纪第17 章 4-5 节。

很明显，从上一楼的帖子可以看出，雅各（又叫以色列）是亚伯拉罕的孙子

 

[耶野野]

根据犹太人对圣经的注释记载，犹太人的始祖是圣经中记载的亚伯拉罕（Abraham）、以撒（Isaac）和雅各（Jacob）等人，他们大约生活在公元前2000年[1]。雅各（阿拉伯语发音为葉爾孤白）是以撒的兒子、亞伯拉罕（阿拉伯發音為易卜拉欣）的孫子，後來改名叫以色列，意思是「和神搏鬥的人」，而且因為他在和神搏鬥的時候傷了腿筋，所以猶太人在宰殺動物時都要把腿筋挑出來丟棄。至今为止发现的证明以色列存在的年代最古的证据，是公元前1200年左右的古埃及麦伦普塔赫石碑[2]。当时在迦南地区生存的犹太人是最先奉行一神教的民族[3]。圣经中记载，当时的犹太人在士师（既负有宗教和仪式方面的职能，也担任法官的角色）领导下，享受着充分的自治。

从有以色人的时代,地球的人类被洪水全毁灭过了没有呢?

 

[耶野野]

<<圣经>>抄袭苏美尔神话?

大洪水是世界多个民族的共同传说，在人类学家的研究中发现，美索不达米亚、希腊、印度、中国、玛雅等文明中，都有洪水灭世的传说。当中，位于美索不达米亚各民族的传说很明显有同一来源，基督教徒相信并声称由于往后各民族的居住地逐渐分散，使这个传说也变得变化多端。而另一方面，随着世界各地重新认识他们过去的文化和传说，大家都惊奇地发现原来这个“大洪水”传说在世界各地都有流传。特别在美索不达米亚文明中（公元前4000开始繁荣），也有与《创世纪》的记载洪水的故事，例如苏美尔神话中记载一位叫祖苏德拉的人，受神明的警告而建造了一艘船舰，并因此逃过了一场将人类消灭的洪水，此外在其他地区，也有许多相似的故事，是世界上广泛流传的相似传说故事之一。整个摩西五经都是抄袭古老中东和埃及神话，这个大洪水的故事又被《圣经》篡改成了人类灭绝的故事。

 

[qwerty0]

根据犹太人对圣经的注释记载，犹太人的始祖是圣经中记载的亚伯拉罕（Abraham）、以撒（Isaac）和雅各（Jacob）等人，他们大约生活在公元前2000年[1]
从有以色人的时代,地球的人类被洪水全毁灭过了没有呢?

从有以色人的时代,地球的人类被洪水全毁灭过了没有呢? －－ 没有，因为创世纪明白记载，大洪水发生在犹太人的祖先（以色列，Jacob）出生之前，也也在亚伯拉罕和以撒之前

亚伯拉罕（Abraham）、以撒（Isaac）和雅各（Jacob）都是以色列人的祖先，但是只有雅各被称为以色列（犹太人），亚伯拉罕和以撒不但是犹太人的祖先，同时是阿拉伯人的祖先

 

[qwerty0]

大洪水是世界多个民族的共同传说，在人类学家的研究中发现，美索不达米亚、希腊、印度、中国、玛雅等文明中，都有洪水灭世的传说。当中，位于美索不达米亚各民族的传说很明显有同一来源，基督教徒相信并声称由于往后各民族的居住地逐渐分散，使这个传说也变得变化多端。而另一方面，随着世界各地重新认识他们过去的文化和传说，大家都惊奇地发现原来这个“大洪水”传说在世界各地都有流传。特别在美索不达米亚文明中（公元前4000开始繁荣），也有与《创世纪》的记载洪水的故事，例如苏美尔神话中记载一位叫祖苏德拉的人，受神明的警告而建造了一艘船舰，并因此逃过了一场将人类消灭的洪水，此外在其他地区，也有许多相似的故事，是世界上广泛流传的相似传说故事之一。整个摩西五经都是抄袭古老中东和埃及神话，这个大洪水的故事又被《圣经》篡改成了人类灭绝的故事。

阿Q愚昧，不能看懂这个帖子的证据和逻辑。这段话貌似从这个博客里转载的http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_a56d2356010159tf.html。其中前面几段话分别摘自百度和Wiki，话锋一转，突然冒出一句“整个摩西五经都是抄袭古老中东和埃及神话，这个大洪水的故事又被《圣经》篡改成了人类灭绝的故事”，甚是唐突

用你的风格写一段话：
上个月美国ABC，CBC报道了美东有sandy飓风，耶野野上网搜查了一番，发现日本、英国、德国、中国等等国家的媒体都有类似的报道，其中中国的CCTV、北京电视台、上海电视台、人民日报等等明显都有同一的消息来源。ABC和CBC的新闻都是抄袭中国CCTV、人民日报的

 

[东方西红柿]

大洪水是世界多个民族的共同传说，在人类学家的研究中发现，美索不达米亚、希腊、印度、中国、玛雅等文明中，都有洪水灭世的传说。当中，位于美索不达米亚各民族的传说很明显有同一来源，基督教徒相信并声称由于往后各民族的居住地逐渐分散，使这个传说也变得变化多端。而另一方面，随着世界各地重新认识他们过去的文化和传说，大家都惊奇地发现原来这个“大洪水”传说在世界各地都有流传。特别在美索不达米亚文明中（公元前4000开始繁荣），也有与《创世纪》的记载洪水的故事，例如苏美尔神话中记载一位叫祖苏德拉的人，受神明的警告而建造了一艘船舰，并因此逃过了一场将人类消灭的洪水，此外在其他地区，也有许多相似的故事，是世界上广泛流传的相似传说故事之一。整个摩西五经都是抄袭古老中东和埃及神话，这个大洪水的故事又被《圣经》篡改成了人类灭绝的故事。

阿Q愚昧，不能看懂这个帖子的逻辑。这段话貌似从这个博客里转载的http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_a56d2356010159tf.html。其中前面几段话分别摘自百度和Wiki，话锋一转，突然冒出一句“整个摩西五经都是抄袭古老中东和埃及神话，这个大洪水的故事又被《圣经》篡改成了人类灭绝的故事”，甚是唐突

用你的风格写一段话：
上个月美国ABC，CBC报道了美东有sandy飓风，耶野野上网搜查了一番，发现日本、英国、德国、中国等等国家的媒体都有类似的报道，其中中国的CCTV、北京电视台、上海电视台、人民日报等等明显都有同一的消息来源。ABC和CBC的新闻都是抄袭中国CCTV、人民日报的

世界各古文明各自的传说中都有有关洪水的记载，恰恰从这个特定的侧面说明大洪水的确发生过。只不过唯有旧约圣经在神的启示之下把它的发生日期、过程、后果及其发生的原因准确无误地记录下来了。而其它古文明的有关大洪水的记忆都因为年代久远的缘故被虚化和传说化了。

 

[东方西红柿]

《Egyptian Influence On The Biblical Creation Story》
圣经的创造来于埃及神话的影响

The Biblical creation story has often been compared to other ancient creation myths. The influence of other ancient accounts such as the Babylonian Enuma Elish and Atrahasis are generally acknowledged by historians. Perhaps less known is the influence that Egyptian myths had on the Biblical narrative.

The foundational Egyptian cosmological myth comes from the city of Heliopolis. This myth tells how the creator god created himself and then gradually the entire universe in a series of stages.

Heliopolitian Myth

The well known opening line of the Bible begins with the third stage of the Heliopolitan myth. This makes sense as the Biblical deity pre-exists creation and does not need to self create.

In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. (Gen: 1, 1)

In the Helioplotan myth first Atum creates himself, and then he creates the Twins, Shu and Tefnut who are male and female aspects of the void. Then they give birth to their children the earth god Geb and the sky-goddess Nut. The creation of earth and sky separates the void from the primeval waters. Atum then manifests in the form of the “Sole Eye” as the Sun-god Re. This begins the first day.

In this myth the first thing, after self-creation, that the creator god Atum does is to create the void which is manifest as the God Shu. In Genesis the void also exists as the second step of creation but follows the creation of earth and sky which is a reversal of the Heliopolitan order.

The division of land from water and from the sky, which is described in Gen 1, 6, is reminiscent of the Heliopolitan notion of primeval waters being the first building blocks of creation in the void.

And God said: 'Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. (Gen 1, 6)

Memphite Myth

The concept of God creating by speaking was fully developed by the Memphis mythos and this is also the foundation of God’s creative force in chapter 1 of Genesis. The ubiquitous phrase “And God said,” fills the first chapter of Genesis and little happens without God giving a spoken command.

Another example of Memphite influence can be seen In Gen 1, 9 as dry land appears amidst the water.

And God said: 'Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear.' And it was so. (Gen: 1, 9)

This is directly analogous to the Memphite belief that creation could be marked by the emergence of a primeval mound out of the waters of creation.

Hermopolitan Myth

Influence from Hermopolis is evident in Gen, 1, 2.

Now the earth was unformed and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep; and the spirit of God hovered over the face of the waters. (Gen: 1, 2)

The mention of “void”, “darkness”, “the deep”, and “the waters” in verse two shows an easy synchronization between the Genesis cosmology and the Hermopolitan mythos which defines the four primal forces as flood, waters, darkness, and chaos. Each of these aspects was given a male and female side and together they formed the Ogdoad, or eight gods, of Hermopolis. Here the use of void in place of chaos is easily understood when the influence Shu from the older Heliopolitan cosmology is considered.

In an interesting twist, the use of “deep” instead of “flood” is likely due to a deliberate rejection of the Babylonian creation myth and its personification of the deep as the goddess Tiamat. The Biblical writers used tehôm which is a non-personified cognate of Tiamat. Nevertheless the basic Ogdoad design remains.

Amun And Jehovah

The Theban Cosmology, which identifies Amun as the creator god, also shares important features with the Genesis creation account. In both myths the creator is transcendent of creation and stands apart from it. This is a significant evolution over earlier models like the Heliopolitan and Memphite myths which allow for a god who created himself as the first act of creation.

The connection between Amun and the God in Genesis is also evident in chapter two which begins the use of the term “Lord God.” In this case Lord is translated from the Hebrew proper name for God, Jehovah. Jehovah can be understood as “he who exists,” which is not dissimilar to Amun’s appellation, “he who is hidden.” Both names imply a god forever beyond the comprehension of his worshipers.

The Aten

Although the Aten religion was short lived in Egypt (ca. 1350-1330 BCE) its influence may have impacted the Old Testament writers. This religion took the idea of a remote and solitary deity to an extreme, doing away with any mythology altogether. The Bible is only one example of evidence showing that the idea of a hidden god, removed from the world of humans, remained alive well after the end of Atenism.

How manifold it is, what thou hast made!

They (the aspects of creation) are hidden from the face (of man).

O sole god, like whom there is no other!

Thou didst create the world according to thy desire,

Whilst thou wert alone: All men, cattle, and wild beasts,

Whatever is on earth, going upon (its) feet,

And what is on high, flying with its wings.

(Great Hymn to the Aten)

The ultimate power granted to the Biblical deity is similar of the power granted to the Aten which even more clearly then Amun, pre-existed and stood apart from creation. As explained in the “Great Hymn to the Aten” the Aten does not even need to speak, it merely manifests creation according to its desire.

Sources引用来源：

The Hebrew Bible www. mechon-mamre.org

Strong’s Concordance www.eliyah.com

DR. Dalley, Stephanie, (Myths from Mesopotamia, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000)

Dalley, Stephanie牛津大学博士《美索不达米亚的神话》美索不达米亚专家（亚述学）牛津大学出版社2000http://www.orinst.ox.ac.uk/staff/eanes/sdalley.html

根据创世纪和出埃及记记载，以色列人在埃及生活400年，并且离开时男丁已有大约一百万（总人口应该超出300万了），这在古埃及无疑是一个巨大的数字，以至于埃及法老开始担心以色列人会对埃及造成威胁并因此而开始苦待奴役他们。

这么庞大的人群在埃及生活了400年，他们的信仰和文化必然对古埃及产生巨大的影响。埃及的远古传说含有圣经因子正是以色列人曾经在埃及长时间生活的令人信服的旁证。

 

[东方西红柿]

根据犹太人对圣经的注释记载，犹太人的始祖是圣经中记载的亚伯拉罕（Abraham）、以撒（Isaac）和雅各（Jacob）等人，他们大约生活在公元前2000年[1]。雅各（阿拉伯语发音为叶尔孤白）是以撒的儿子、亚伯拉罕（阿拉伯发音为易卜拉欣）的孙子，后来改名叫以色列，意思是「和神搏斗的人」，而且因为他在和神搏斗的时候伤了腿筋，所以犹太人在宰杀动物时都要把腿筋挑出来丢弃。至今为止发现的证明以色列存在的年代最古的证据，是公元前1200年左右的古埃及麦伦普塔赫石碑[2]。当时在迦南地区生存的犹太人是最先奉行一神教的民族[3]。圣经中记载，当时的犹太人在士师（既负有宗教和仪式方面的职能，也担任法官的角色）领导下，享受着充分的自治。

从有以色人的时代,地球的人类被洪水全毁灭过了没有呢?

这段文字表明老兄要么没有读过创世纪，要么没有读懂创世纪。这样的问题实在是太低阶了一点。

 

[focus on today]

这里倒是提出一个问题（至少对我来说是个问题），我们知道雅各的后代也就是以色列人 继承了雅各的爷爷亚伯拉罕，雅各的父亲以撒的传统，那就是行割礼。

亚伯拉罕也为他的另一个儿子以实马利 行了割礼的，那么以实马利 有没有把这个传统传给他的儿子及后代呢？啊拉伯人也行跟以色列人一样的割礼吗？

至于犹太人和以色列人这两个中文词是否是互换的？ 还得查查。

请问这里犹太人和以色列人有什么本质区别?

以色列人的时代地球人类就灭绝过一次吗？

现在的人类都是以色列人的后代吗？

根据犹太人对圣经的注释记载，犹太人的始祖是圣经中记载的亚伯拉罕（Abraham）、以撒（Isaac）和雅各（Jacob）等人，他们大约生活在公元前2000年[1]。雅各（阿拉伯语发音为葉爾孤白）是以撒的兒子、亞伯拉罕（阿拉伯發音為易卜拉欣）的孫子，後來改名叫以色列，意思是「和神搏鬥的人」。
http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/犹太人历史