全球领先疫苗,39支疫苗进入3期实验,10月13日,德国法国放弃两款mRNA疫苗,转为研发新一代疫苗和加强剂。中国两款疫苗进入第三期试验。

中国安徽智飞龙科马生物制药有限公司的Protein subunit疫苗新近进入第三期试验。

 
30 min ago

AstraZeneca's Covid-19 vaccine data published in peer-reviewed journal confirms 70% efficacy​

From CNN's Jacqueline Howard

In this undated photo issued by the University of Oxford, a volunteer is administered the coronavirus vaccine developed by AstraZeneca and Oxford University, in Oxford, England.
In this undated photo issued by the University of Oxford, a volunteer is administered the coronavirus vaccine developed by AstraZeneca and Oxford University, in Oxford, England. University of Oxford/John Cairns/AP

Drugmaker AstraZeneca's coronavirus vaccine candidate was found to have 70.4% efficacy in an interim analysis of Phase 3 trial results, published for the first time in a peer-reviewed journal.

The findings fall in line with the efficacy that AstraZeneca previously announced in November for its vaccine, developed in collaboration with the University of Oxford.

The analysis, published in the journal The Lancet on Tuesday, found that the vaccine's efficacy in trial participants who received two full doses of vaccine was 62.1%, and then efficacy in those who received a half dose followed by a full dose was 90%.

"Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70.4%," the researchers – from the University of Oxford, AstraZeneca and other institutions around the world – wrote in the study.

"Here, we present the first interim safety and efficacy data for a viral vector coronavirus vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, evaluated in four trials across three continents, showing significant vaccine efficacy of 70.4% after two doses and protection of 64.1% after at least one standard dose, against symptomatic disease, with no safety concerns," the researchers wrote.

More on the study: The study includes data from trials conducted in the United Kingdom, Brazil and South Africa between April and November. The safety data are based on more than 20,000 participants and the efficacy data are based on more than 10,000 participants.

The study says that across all four studies, "the vaccine had a good safety profile." There were 175 severe adverse events in the trials total: 84 events among those who received the vaccine and 91 in the control group. "Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine," according to the study. Those included a case of haemolytic anaemia, transverse myelitis and high fever.

There were four deaths during the course of the trials, but all were unrelated to the vaccine, caused by a road traffic accident, blunt force trauma, homicide and fungal pneumonia.
 

China's Sinopharm vaccine 86% effective, say United Arab Emirates officials​

Social Sharing​

The U.A.E. conducted a trial of the vaccine involving 31,000 volunteers from 125 nations​

The Associated Press · Posted: Dec 09, 2020 6:57 AM ET | Last Updated: 5 hours ago

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The U.A.E. conducted a trial beginning in September of the vaccine by Chinese state-owned pharmaceutical giant Sinopharm involving 31,000 volunteers from 125 nations. (Jon Gambrell/The Associated Press)

The United Arab Emirates said Wednesday a Chinese coronavirus vaccine tested in the federation of sheikdoms is 86 per cent effective, in a statement that provided few details but marked the first public release of information on the efficacy of the shot.

The announcement brought yet another shot into the worldwide race for a vaccine to end the pandemic, a scientific effort that has seen China and Russia compete with Western firms for an effective inoculation. While questions remain about the Sinopharm shot, already at least one country outside China plans to roll it out in a mass-vaccination campaign.

The U.A.E., home to Dubai and Abu Dhabi, conducted a trial beginning in September of the vaccine by Chinese state-owned pharmaceutical giant Sinopharm involving 31,000 volunteers from 125 nations. Volunteers between 18 and 60 years old received two doses of the vaccine over 28 days.
The U.A.E.'s Health and Prevention Ministry announced the results via a statement on the state-run WAM news agency, saying it has "reviewed Sinopharm CNBG's interim analysis of the Phase III trials."
"The analysis shows no serious safety concerns," the statement said, without detailing whether any participant suffered side effects.

It wasn't immediately clear if the announced results included only those taking part in the testing in the UAE or if they also include results from China and elsewhere. The statement described the vaccine as receiving "official registration" without elaborating on what that meant.

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The Sinopharm vaccine has been approved for emergency use in a few countries and the company is still conducting late-stage clinical trials in 10 countries. (Ng Han Guan/The Associated Press)

Emirati officials and Sinopharm did not respond to questions from The Associated Press.

However, calls Wednesday to SEHA, the Abu Dhabi health authority, included an option for individuals to schedule an appointment to receive a "COVID-19 vaccine." The centre was swamped with calls following the announcement on the vaccine's efficacy.
The Sinopharm vaccine has been approved for emergency use in a few countries and the company is still conducting late-stage clinical trials in 10 countries. Morocco is gearing up for an ambitious COVID-19 vaccination program, aiming to vaccinate 80 per cent of its adults in an operation starting this month that's relying initially on the Sinopharm vaccine.

Sinopharm's shot relies on a tested technology, using a killed virus to deliver the vaccine, similar to how polio immunizations are made. Leading Western competitors, like the shot made by Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech, use newer, less-proven technology to target the coronavirus's spike protein using RNA. The United Kingdom already has begun vaccinating people with the Pfizer shot.

WATCH | Inside the scramble to mass produce a COVID-19 vaccine:


Inside the scramble to mass produce a COVID-19 vaccine​

6 days agoVideo
3:01

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A major vaccine manufacturer in India scrambling to mass produce the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine so it can get into the arms of billions opened its doors to CBC News. 3:01

Top officials in the UAE, including Dubai's ruler, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, have publicly received the shots as part of the vaccine testing.

2 vaccines need cold storage​

Already, Pfizer reports its shot as being 95 per cent effective, while another RNA candidate from Moderna appears to be 94.5 per cent effective. Results suggest a third vaccine from Oxford University and AstraZeneca is safe and about 70 per cent effective, but questions remain about how well it may help protect those over 55.

In transport, Pfizer says its vaccine must be stored in a freezer at 80 C to 60 C or in a thermal container at 90 C to 60 C. The Moderna vaccine must remain at a temperature of –20 C.

The Sinopharm vaccine is believed to be able to travel at a temperature of 2 C to 8 C, a major draw for areas of the world where nearly three billion people live without stable electricity and refrigeration. In November, the Communist Party secretary for Sinopharm said almost one million people in China had received its vaccine.

Since the pandemic began, the UAE has detected over 178,000 cases of the virus, with 160,000 recoveries and nearly 600 deaths. Its aggressive testing policy has seen over 17 million tests conducted in a country home to just over nine million people.

 
最后编辑:
全球领先的13支疫苗处于三期试验,7支获得早期使用许可辉瑞Pfizer/BioNTech RNA获得加拿大批准。中国国药Sinopharm疫苗的有效率为86%, 阿联酋发布对来自125个国家的31,000名志愿者进行了疫苗试验

23 min ago

Canada approves Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine for emergency use​

From CNN’s Paula Newton in Ottawa

Health Canada, the department of Canada's government responsible for the country's federal health policy, approved Pfizer and BioNTech’s Covid-19 vaccine under emergency approval Wednesday, indicating in its authorization that there were some "conditions."

More informations is expected at an afternoon news conference where technical details about the vaccine roll out will be outlined.

Canada started a “dry-run” of distribution this week throughout the country.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said earlier this week that Canada would receive an initial shipment of 249,000 doses by the end of the year, and he expects Canada’s first vaccinations to occur sometime next week.
 
最后编辑:
2 hr 19 min ago

Pfizer's Covid-19 vaccine study excluded people with a history of severe allergic reactions, data shows​

From CNN's Health’s Keri Enriquez

A needle is filled from a vial of the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine in Newcastle, England, on December 8.
A needle is filled from a vial of the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine in Newcastle, England, on December 8. Owen Humphreys/Pool/AFP/Getty Images
The company excluded people with a history of severe allergic reactions to vaccines from their SARS-COV-2 RNA vaccine trial, according to Pfizer data released by the US Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday.

Participants with a “history of severe adverse reaction associated with a vaccine and/or severe allergic reaction (eg, anaphylaxis) to any component of the study intervention(s)” were not included in the pool of 44,000 trial volunteers.

According to the US Food and Drug Administration's evaluation of the Pfizer data, there was a slight increase in events that may be considered allergic reactions in the vaccine group. The FDA’s independent analysis said “A slight numerical imbalance of adverse events potentially representing allergic reactions, with more participants reporting hypersensitivity-related adverse events in the vaccine group (137 [0.63%]) compared with the placebo group (111 [0.51%])”

Some background: The UK issued new guidance on Wednesday, now advising that people with a “significant history of allergic reactions” not receive the Pfizer/BioNTech coronavirus vaccine after two health workers who received the vaccine suffered allergic reactions.

British health authorities are conducting an investigation into the two incidents. In a statement, Pfizer said “As a precautionary measure, the MHRA has issued temporary guidance to the NHS while it conducts an investigation in order to fully understand each case and its causes. Pfizer and BioNTech are supporting the MHRA in the investigation.”

Both staff members reportedly had a significant history of allergic reactions and carried adrenaline autoinjectors, according to PA Media. Thousands overall are believed to have been vaccinated in the UK on Tuesday.

The FDA's vaccine advisory group is meeting on Thursday to discuss a possible emergency use authorization of the Pfizer-BioNTech Covid-19 vaccine in the US.
 

新冠疫苗:中国科兴疫苗 你该知道的四个问题​

2 小时前

总部在北京的科兴生物研发克尔来福新冠病毒疾病疫苗(Credit: Getty Images)

图像来源,GETTY IMAGES
总部在北京的科兴生物研发克尔来福新冠病毒疾病疫苗(Credit: Getty Images)

随着西方国家的新冠疫苗研发和投入使用,中国本土的新冠疫苗也大有进展。科兴生物已经开始向海外运送疫苗。

总部在北京的生物医药公司科兴生物研发的新冠病毒疾病疫苗克尔来福已经运抵印尼,准备开始大规模接种,后续还有180万剂将在1月到货。

但是科兴生物的疫苗尚未完成后期测试,人们对它的了解又有多少?

科兴生物疫苗有何不同?​

中国科兴生物研发的克尔来福是一种灭活疫苗,由已杀灭的病原体制成,主要通过其中的抗原诱导细胞免疫的产生。

另外几种疫苗,例如莫德纳和辉瑞的疫苗都属于核糖核酸疫苗,使用的是RNA疫苗原理,抽取病毒内部分核糖核酸编码蛋白制成疫苗。

新加坡南洋理工大学感染与免疫副教授罗大海对BBC表示,“克尔来福是用比较传统的方法制成的(灭活)疫苗,灭活疫苗使用广泛而且非常成功,例如狂犬病疫苗。”

“RNA疫苗是一种新型疫苗,目前尚未有大规模接种成功的案例。”
理论上,科兴生物的疫苗主要的优势在于它能够在常规冰箱温度下(2至8度)保存,这一点和牛津/阿斯利康研发的病毒载体疫苗有相同优点。

莫德纳的疫苗必须存放在摄氏零下20度,而辉瑞疫苗必须存放在摄氏零下70度。

这意味着科兴生物和牛津/阿斯利康这两种疫苗,更能有效的在开发中国家使用,因为那些地方可能没有足够的低温储存设备供疫苗保存。

效果如何?​

现在很难说科兴生物疫苗有多有效,据医学期刊《柳叶刀》,克尔来福疫苗目前只有一期和二期的测试报告。

报告作者之一,江苏省疾病预防控制中心副主任朱凤才表示,根据一期144名参与者和二期600名参与者的临床试验显示,该疫苗是安全的,适合紧急接种。

10月初该疫苗在巴西开始三期测试,巴西是新冠病毒疾病死亡人而第二高的国家。11月发生一名志愿者死亡导致测试暂停,但后来发现死因和疫苗无关而恢复。

科兴生物在巴西的合作伙伴布坦坦研究所(Butantan Institute)表示,三期测试结果报告可望在12月中以前公布。
科兴生物的克尔来福疫苗运抵巴西圣保罗(Credit: Getty Images)

图像来源,GETTY IMAGES
科兴生物的克尔来福疫苗运抵巴西圣保罗

罗大海表示,在目前有限的信息之下,很难评论该疫苗的有效性。

“就目前的初步数据显示,克尔来福可能是很有效的疫苗,但还是必须等到三期测试结果出来才能确定。”

他说,疫苗试验是有科学根据的,在严格控制的条件下,通过成千上万人参与进行的,这是确定疫苗安全有效能大规模接种的唯一办法。

产量多少?​

科兴生物表示,在新建的2万平方米的厂房,一年可以生产3亿剂疫苗。

和其他的新冠疫苗一样,克尔来福也需要施打两剂,因此按照目前估计的产量足够1.5亿人接种,相当于中国人口的十分之一多。

但是科兴生物还向海外供货,除了印尼已经有疫苗到货之外,还包括土耳其、巴西和智利。

分析还指出中国政府也利用疫苗做外交,据报习近平承诺向非洲国家提供20亿美元贷款,提供拉美和加勒比海国家10亿美元贷款购买疫苗,但目前不清楚贷款的条件。

在德国的麦卡托中国研究院(MERICS)分析员马德尔(Jacob Mardell)表示,“中国一定会利用这个能救命的疫苗来换取商业和外交上的利益。有了这个其他国家非常需要的东西,中国会把疫苗描绘成人道慈善工作。”

疫苗的定价目前还不清楚,但早些时候浙江乌义启动紧急接种计划,疫苗价格大约在400元人民币(60美元,45英镑)左右。

中国义乌数百市民排队“抢注”新冠疫苗 “感觉新冠就离我很远了”

印尼国有生物制药公司Bio Farma表示,科兴生物克尔来福疫苗在印尼定价约20万印尼盾(13.6美元,10英镑)。

和定价只有 4美元的牛津疫苗相比,科兴生物疫苗仍然价格偏高,但是低于33美元的莫德纳疫苗。

莫德纳表示2021年目标出货量是5亿剂,阿斯利康表示,2021年第一季之前出货量7亿剂。

中国还有哪些疫苗?​

在中国的紧急接种计划中,已经有将近100万人接种中国国药集团的新冠疫苗,但中国国药集团尚未发表疫苗三期试验结果 。

这样的紧急接种计划极具争议,新加坡国立大学的费雪教授(Dale Fisher)表示,“通常要等到三期试验结果发表并分析审核后才能够让疫苗紧急使用。”

他说中国的做法“不符合常规”,而且在西方不可能被接受。

中国目前的新冠疫情大部分获得控制,生活缓慢恢复“新常态”。

 
2020年12月10日7:59 晚上更新于38 分钟前

中国新冠疫苗比欧美更加便宜 吸引拉美需求--巴西官员​

路透新闻部
1 分钟阅读

路透圣保罗12月10日 - 中国科兴生物的2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫苗正在巴西的一条生产线投产,吸引巴西和拉美地区那些为采购昂贵疫苗而头疼的政府的兴趣。

圣保罗州州长Joao Doria在周四的新闻发布会上说,该州的生物医学中心Butantan Institute计划在其生产线上每天灌装和完成100万剂疫苗,为1月25日开始的疫苗接种计划做准备。

Joao Doria说,巴西的11个州已与Butantan联系,寻求购买名为CoronaVac的这款疫苗,尽管巴西总统博尔索纳罗(Jair Bolsonaro)曾表示他拒绝为一项全国免疫计划购买中国疫苗。

在同一场新闻发布会上,Butantan负责人Dimas Covas说,拉美地区的几个国家,包括秘鲁、乌拉圭、巴拉圭和洪都拉斯在内,有兴趣从巴西购买CoronaVac疫苗。他说,Butantan正在与阿根廷就供应疫苗进行深入谈判。

Dimas称,CoronaVac疫苗对巴西各州和圣保罗以外各城市的售价为10.30美元,这只相当于美国和欧洲医药公司新冠疫苗售价的一小部分。

Butantan已开始建造一个工厂,计划从2021年9月从头开始生产疫苗,而不是从中国大量购买后再进行分装。

周四稍早,卫生部长Eduardo Pazuello在接受广播专访时承诺,明年巴西所有人都将接种新冠疫苗。随着各州州长批评联邦政府没有做好大规模免疫接种的准备、未能保证疫苗的充足供应,当局面临的压力越来越大。

Pazuello重申,卫生部将购买卫生监管机构Anvisa批准且定价合理的任何有效疫苗,这为巴西购买中国疫苗打开了大门。(完)

编译 张涛/李爽 审校 陈宗琦/李婷仪
 
6 hr 1 min ago

AstraZeneca and Russian makers of Sputnik V to collaborate on vaccine trials​

From CNN's Mary Ilyushina in Moscow

A person in Novosibirsk, Russia, gets the Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine on December 9.
A person in Novosibirsk, Russia, gets the Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine on December 9. Kirill Kukhmar/TASS/Getty Images

Pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca is launching a joint clinical trial with the makers of Russian Sputnik V to test the combination of coronavirus vaccines, according to a statement published on AstraZeneca’s Russian website on Friday.

“Today we announce a clinical trial programme to assess safety and immunogenicity of combination of AZD1222, developed by AstraZeneca and Oxford University and Sputnik V, developed by Russian Gamaleya Research institute. It will begin enrolling adults aged 18 years and older,” AstraZeneca said.

According to the British-Swedish drugmaker, a combination of the two coronavirus vaccines may help in generating “wider protection through a stronger immune response and better accessibility.”

Both vaccines are adenoviral vector vaccines that contain “genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein,” AstraZeneca’s statement added.

The Moscow-based Gamaleya Institute and Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) --which sponsored the development of Sputnik V -- said in a statement that they offered AstraZeneca the use of “one of the two vectors of the Sputnik V vaccine in additional clinical trials of its own vaccine,” which is expected to commence before the end of this year.

Russian vaccine Sputnik V uses human adenovirus, while AstraZeneca’s AZD1222 is based on chimpanzee viral vector.

Russia registered Sputnik V in August ahead of key large-scale phase III trials necessary to establish the vaccine’s efficacy and safety. While phase III trials are currently ongoing, the country is already moving towards mass vaccination with the head of Gamaleya Institute saying that over 150,000 Russians have been inoculated so far, according to state-run news agency RIA Novosti.
 
6 hr 1 min ago

AstraZeneca and Russian makers of Sputnik V to collaborate on vaccine trials​

From CNN's Mary Ilyushina in Moscow

A person in Novosibirsk, Russia, gets the Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine on December 9.


A person in Novosibirsk, Russia, gets the Sputnik V coronavirus vaccine on December 9. Kirill Kukhmar/TASS/Getty Images

Pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca is launching a joint clinical trial with the makers of Russian Sputnik V to test the combination of coronavirus vaccines, according to a statement published on AstraZeneca’s Russian website on Friday.

“Today we announce a clinical trial programme to assess safety and immunogenicity of combination of AZD1222, developed by AstraZeneca and Oxford University and Sputnik V, developed by Russian Gamaleya Research institute. It will begin enrolling adults aged 18 years and older,” AstraZeneca said.

According to the British-Swedish drugmaker, a combination of the two coronavirus vaccines may help in generating “wider protection through a stronger immune response and better accessibility.”

Both vaccines are adenoviral vector vaccines that contain “genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein,” AstraZeneca’s statement added.

The Moscow-based Gamaleya Institute and Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) --which sponsored the development of Sputnik V -- said in a statement that they offered AstraZeneca the use of “one of the two vectors of the Sputnik V vaccine in additional clinical trials of its own vaccine,” which is expected to commence before the end of this year.

Russian vaccine Sputnik V uses human adenovirus, while AstraZeneca’s AZD1222 is based on chimpanzee viral vector.

Russia registered Sputnik V in August ahead of key large-scale phase III trials necessary to establish the vaccine’s efficacy and safety. While phase III trials are currently ongoing, the country is already moving towards mass vaccination with the head of Gamaleya Institute saying that over 150,000 Russians have been inoculated so far, according to state-run news agency RIA Novosti.
弱弱联手变小强?
 
Sanofi announces disappointing trial results in older adults. Dec. 11

Sanofi logo
GSK logo


In addition to their mRNA vaccine, Sanofi developed a Covid-19 vaccine based on viral proteins. They produced the proteins with engineered viruses that grow inside insect cells. GSK supplemented these proteins with adjuvants that stimulate the immune system. The vaccine is based on the same design Sanofi used to create Flublok, an approved vaccine for influenza. The companies launched a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in September.

Sanofi’s vaccine was widely expected to play a major role in tackling the pandemic. In the United States, Operation Warp Speed selected it as one of six vaccines to secure in large quantities, reaching a $2.1 billion agreement for 100 million doses. On Sept. 18 Sanofi closed another deal with the European Union for 300 million doses for an unspecified amount, and later reached an agreement with Canada for up to 72 million doses. In addition, Sanofi agreed to provide 200 million doses to COVAX, an international collaboration to deliver the vaccine equitably across the world. The company expected to move to a Phase 3 trial in December and potentially seek emergency use authorization in the United States by spring. The company announced plans to make up to one billion doses in 2021.

But on Dec. 11, Sanofi and GSK announced that their vaccine was proving disappointing. While it provided promising levels of antibodies in people under 50, older people did not respond as strongly as they had hoped. They will start a new Phase 2 trial in February with a different formulation. If they can get sufficiently high antibodies with the new vaccine, they will move on to Phase 3 studies. That could be a challenge, because they may not be able to test it against a placebo. Instead, they may have to test against one of the vaccines expected to receive emergency use authorization by then. Sanofi and GSK do not expect the vaccine to become available before the end of 2021.


5 hr 8 min ago

GlaxoSmithKline and Sanofi Pasteur vaccine delayed until late 2021​

From CNN's Martin Goillandeau in London

An employee works at a GlaxoSmithKline factory in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, France, on December 3, where the adjuvant for Covid-19 vaccines will be manufactured.
An employee works at a GlaxoSmithKline factory in Saint-Amand-les-Eaux, France, on December 3, where the adjuvant for Covid-19 vaccines will be manufactured. Francois Lo Presti/AFP/Getty Images

British and French pharmaceutical giants GlaxoSmithKline and Sanofi Pasteur said Friday the release of their coronavirus vaccine would be delayed until late 2021 after interim results showed “insufficient immune response” in the elderly.

“Insufficient response in older adults demonstrates the need to refine the concentration of antigen in order to provide high-level immune response across all age groups,” a joint press release on their websites read.

Thomas Triomphe, head of Sanofi Pasteur, said the companies were “disappointed by the delay announced today,” adding that they “have identified the path forward."

“No single pharma company can make it alone; the world needs more than one vaccine to fight the pandemic,” Triomphe said.

Roger Connor, President of GSK Vaccines added: “The results of the study are not as we hoped,” and that it was now “clear that multiple vaccines will be needed to contain the pandemic.”

The two companies said they are now planning a new phase 2b study with an improved antigen formulation in February of next year, which could be followed by a global phase 3 study potentially starting in Q2 2021. The phase 3 studies were initially expected to start this month.

GSK and Sanofi said positive results from these phases “would lead to regulatory submissions in the second half of 2021, hence delaying the vaccine’s potential availability from mid-2021 to Q4 2021.”

The two drug makers said they have updated governments and the European Commission on the delay “where a contractual commitment to purchase the vaccine has been made.”

This summer, the French and British giants won a commitment from the US federal government to pay up to $2.1 billion to help them move forward with their proposed joint coronavirus vaccine, as part of Operation Warp Speed.
 
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• The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences moves to Phase 3. Dec. 11

PHASE 3

Institute of Medical Biology at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences logo
中国医学科学院医学生物学研究所

Researchers at the Institute of Medical Biology at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, which has invented vaccines for polio and hepatitis A, created an inactivated coronavirus vaccine. In May, they launched a Phase 1 trial on 192 volunteers which indicated the vaccine was safe and produced an immune response. A Phase 2 trial followed on 750 volunteers, which led the researchers to select a two-week spacing between the two doses of the vaccine. In December the researchers launched a Phase 3 trial on up to 34020 volunteers in Brazil and Malaysia.

 
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New additions and recent updates
Dec. 14CureVac moves to Phase 3.
Dec. 14South Korea’s Cellid and LG Chem enter Phase 1.
Dec. 12Gennova Biopharmaceuticals and HDT Bio enter Phase 1/2.
Dec. 11The F.D.A. authorizes the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine for emergency use.
Dec. 11AstraZeneca joins forces with Russia’s Gamaleya Institute.
Dec. 11The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences moves to Phase 3.

PHASE 3

VACCINE NAME: CVnCoV
EFFICACY: Unknown
DOSE: 2 doses, four weeks apart
TYPE: Muscle injection
STORAGE: Stable at least 3 months at 36–46°F (2–8°C)

In March, the Trump administration unsuccessfully tried to entice CureVac to move its research on a mRNA vaccine from Germany to the United States. The company moved ahead with its work in Germany, seeing responses to the vaccine in mice and then launching clinical trials in July. In December, CureVac launched a Phase 3 trial, recruiting up to 36,500 volunteers in Germany.

In November, CureVac negotiated a deal to provide the European Union with up to 225 million doses of their vaccine. They project manufacturing up to 300 million doses in 2021 and up to 600 million doses the following year. CureVac has collaborated with Elon Musk’s company Tesla on creating mRNA “micro-factories,” which could potentially be deployed around the world to make billions of doses of the vaccine. On Nov. 12, the company announced that its vaccine could be kept in a refrigerator at 41 degrees. Other RNA vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna have to be kept frozen at chillier temperatures.
 
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