Canola 油的迷思與真相(ZT)

现在俺们是除了橄榄油其它都不买-本来油就不该多吃。既然用油量不多,还是买好的吧。
 
现在俺们是除了橄榄油其它都不买-本来油就不该多吃。既然用油量不多,还是买好的吧。

但不要做橄榄油來高温抄東西:)
 
实际上,就是油菜(Rape)籽榨的油,或简称油菜油、或菜油。
英语叫:RapeSeed Oil、或Rape Oil。

由于油菜的英语(Rape)也有“强奸、奸淫”的意思,所以加拿大给它另起了一个名字,叫“Canola”。

油菜油,是非常好的食用油之一。

这篇文章的作者,不是无知,就是另有它意(用中国外交部常用的话,叫做“别有用心”)。


(顺便说一下,老华侨已经订了机票,准备春季回故乡一趟,看那满山遍野的油菜花去。趁现在还走得动 ;)
 
Here is the original article"
http://aspartame.ca/mainindex.html
THE DANGERS OF CANOLA OIL
Click on subject below
CANOLA OIL REPORTFound on http://www.braintherapy.com/canola.htm
The following is adapted from reportage beginning in 1996 by Tom Valentine under the trade names of Search for Health and True Health based in Naples, Florida. Carotec Inc., 941.353.2348. And Maryland based Mary Enig, Ph.D., who is the world authority on palm and coconut oils, and transfatty acids. A search for Enig will turn up dozens of citations including her own website.
It has been very much in vogue in health food circles to praise Canola oil as very healthy oil-high in polyunsaturates, while condemning tropical oils such as coconut or palm oil as being saturated and unhealthy.
The high praise for Canola is propaganda put forth by the Canadian government because "can-ola," a hybridized rape plant, is one of that nation's chief export products. Rapeseed oil contains toxic erucic acid. Canola has much less erucic acid in it.
Health food store operators parrot the hype without checking any facts. Consumers search out various products with Canola oil in them because they believe this is somehow much healthier than other oils. All food grade Canola, including the varieties sold in health food stores, are deodorized from its natural terrible stink with 300 degree F. high-temperature refining. You cannot cook a vegetable oil at that temperature and leave behind anything much edible.
Research at the University of Florida- Gainsesville, determined that as much as 4.6% of all the fatty acids in Canola are "trans" isomers (plastic) due to the refining process. Contrary to popular opinion, saturated fats, especially those found in coconut oil are not harmful to health, but are important nutrition. There are no trans isomers in unrefined coconut butter, for example. This refers to many published research papers by Mary Enig, Ph.D. that refutes all the establishment propaganda condemning saturated fats.
In 1996, the Japanese announced a study wherein a special Canola oil diet had actually killed laboratory animals. Reacting to this unpublished, but verified and startling information, a duplicate study was conducted by Canadian scientists using piglets and a Canola oil based milk replacer diet.
In this second study published in Nutrition Research, 1997, v17, the researchers verified that Canola oil somehow depleted the piglets of vitamin E to a dangerously low level.
In the abstract of the study, the Canadian researchers made the following remarkable statement: It is known that ingestion of oils containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the n-3 and n -6 series results in a high degree of unsaturation in membrane phospholipids, which in turn may increase lipid peroxidation, cholesterol oxidation, free radical accumulation and membrane damage. All very bad attributes.
That statement is remarkable because PUFA is considered essential to a healthy diet. Yet none of the above listed results of eating it may be considered healthy. So now we have something seemingly brand new to the dietary health arena.
Here the Canadians are condemning any oil that contains essential fatty acids. EFAs cannot stand heat. They turn rancid quickly. Proper processing, i.e., cold pressing, and protection from oxygen for storage is paramount with EFAs. Mainstream toxic commercial food making requires complete removal of EFAs lest shelf life disappear in smelly rancidity.
Absent the removal of EFAs, few manufactured toxic chemical foods would make it out of the warehouse. So, here we have Canadians telling us that their country's main oil export kills little animals. They suggest that perhaps it was the health giving EFAs left in the Canola oil after it had been scorched at temperatures above 300 degrees Fahrenheit to get rid of the EFAs. They don't tell you that whatever EFAs are left in the oil, are now poisonous rancid fats. It may be that the now toxic remnants are what's killing the vitamin E, and killing the little piggies. I think the Canadians produced that deceptive half truth to protect their careers from grant drought.
Firstly, the idea of something depleting vitamin E rapidly is an alarming development. Vitamin E is absolutely essential to human health, and when so much PUFA is available to diet as it is today, the demand evidently becomes even more imperative because tocopherols control the lipid peroxidation that results in dangerous free radical activity, which causes lesions in arteries and other problems.
Canola oil now has been shown to be a very heavy abuser of tocopherols or vitamin E, with the potential for rapidly depleting a body of the important vitamin. The researchers did not know what factors in the Canola oil were responsible. They reported that other vegetable seed oils did not appear to cause the same problem in piglets.
Genetically Manipulated Canola Seed Gets Loose In The Fields
Monsanto announced in April 1997, that it was recalling genetically engineered Canola seed because an unapproved gene slipped into the batch by mistake. The Canola seed had been genetically manipulated to resist the herbicide toxicity of Roundup, which is Monsanto's top money making product. The recall involved 60,000 bags containing two types of Canola seed, which is enough to plant more than 700,000 acres. Both types of seed have the wrong gene in them. The genes in the recalled seed have not been approved for human consumption.
A spokesman for Limagrain Canada Seeds, which was selling the seeds under a Monsanto license, said that experts are trying to determine how the mistake occurred. We may never know how this happened he lamented.
The implications of this error are serious. No one in his right mind is unconcerned about genetic manipulations getting lost.
On January 26, 1998 Omega Nutrition, one of the major producers of organic, cold pressed oils for the health food store market published a press release. The release states that if you are cooking with Canola oil of any quality, you might as well be using margarine. In the case of refined Canola oil, the important health benefits have been processed away- leaving the consumer with the nutrition of say, white flour- and, dangerous trans-fatty acids have replaced a lot of the beneficial omega 3 essential fatty acids.
Oils high in omega 3 are not capable of taking high temperatures. Heating Canola distorts the fatty acid turning it into an unnatural form of trans fatty acid that has been shown to be harmful to health.
SUMMARY
According to Mary Enig, unrefined coconut oil is safe to use in cooking. Finding it is not so easy as a result of the American establishment's highly successful attack on all imported palm and coconut oils. Udo Erasmus, Ph.D., another highly regarded international expert on fats and oils, says both are the same. They are named for their physical state at room temperature. Udo says the only safe oil to use to fry or bake with, is water.
He says no fat can stand the temperatures used in food processing without being adversely affected.
MARGARINE isn't raised as an issue on those pages. So I will make a brief statement here about it. (Oleo) Margarine isn't food. It is a manufactured grease concocted in a machine from various oils and chemicals. Canola and soy fats (oils) are in nearly all margarines. This butter substitute does not exist in nature. It cannot be grown or converted from a natural food as butter and cheese is.
It was invented to win a prize when Napolean III was surrounded and ran a contest for a palatable grease for his otherwise dry bread. Most restaurants substitute it for butter without notice to you. Commercially manufactured ingestables use margarine wherever Canola cannot be used in their recipe that otherwise would use butter. There are licensed dieticians and physicians who, in total ignorance, will sincerely urge you to eat this poison in pursuit of better health. The usual canard is, "It will reduce your cholesterol levels." which is yet another awesome fraud and completely false.
Partially hydrogenated oils- trans-fatty acids, are always poisonous. Mary Enig's original laboratory research is currently the world's standard for understanding the basis for the foregoing statement. Cooks and chefs working recipes that call for shortening or fats input will have to find coconut oil or use saturated animal fat if they are interested in producing something other than poison. I don't eat restaurant food.

Return to Top - Subject Index - Main Index
THE CANOLA STORY
Toby Maloney
Found on http://www.integrative-medicine.net/page81.html
It's often called Canada's "miracle crop". It's marketed as a healthy alternative, and, for the moment, growers can even make a living. But is Canola oil actually healthy? And for whom? The name Canola, from "Canada oil", was the signal that some sophisticated marketing was going to take place. Canola was the first crop created modern plant breeding methods. It is usually credited to Baldur Stefanson at the University of Manitoba, who took rapeseeed, previously used as a lubricant in ship engines, and bred varieties that were low in erucic acid and glucosinates. In 1979 the Rapeseed Crushers Association decided the new "double low" varieties should be given a different name to avoid association with previous rapeseed products sold as cooking oil. It was no coincidence the new name rhymed with granola. As concerns over levels of saturated fat in other oil products grew, the new product entered the market as an alternative low in saturated fat, but high in desirable oleic acid. Demand skyrocketed and farmers rushed to buy seed.
But before we add the happy-ever-after to this technological tale, there are some important issues to consider. What might seem healthy for city dwellers to consume isn't necessarily healthy for people where it is grown, for workers who handle the materials used, or for the environment. A typical Canola crop starts with seeds treated with fungicide for seedling diseases, and often an insecticide to prevent damage from flea beetles. After the seedlings emerge, herbicides are applied to control weeds. Canola yields can also be affected by a variety of insect problems, for which the remedy is often aerial spraying, and a fungus problem just prior to harvest called Sclerotinia.
This focus on chemicals isn't that different from cereal crops that are grown conventionally and this is not to say that other oilseeds are any better.
The problem is that instead of finding ways to use less or no herbicides and a lot less fuel and synthetic fertilizer, we are promoting a crop that is very difficult to grow organically. Also, Canola is the first crop in Canada to receive a license for "transgenic" varieties - plants altered with genetic material from other plants or animals. Typically, the transgenic varieties are designed by chemical companies to require the application of their favorite brand of herbicide. Given the cancer risk, would you call a food crop that is increasingly dependent on herbicides, fungicides, and even aerial spraying of pesticides, "healthy?" While prairie provinces export thousands of tonnes of Canola oil (and they have begun to make a diesel fuel out of it), if you want to buy a quality cold pressed edible version, you're not going to find a prairie product. This to me is the equivalent of France selling no Champagne, no Beaujolais, just cheap plonk in screw top bottles.
In most cases the best ingredients in oil are seriously damaged or destroyed by the industrial-type processing that occurs. As detailed by oils expert Udo Erasmus, in his 1988 pamphlet Fats that Heal, Fats that Kill, most oil is refined with acids and the same base that unclogs drains. Then the bleaching process removes "every essential nutrient except fatty acids."
Then deodorization by steam distillation distorts some fatty acids into "trans-fatty acids" which interfere with beneficial ingredients in oils. But any of this is mostly irrelevant if we are eating deep-fried doughnuts or French Fries, or frying our food until the oil smokes or eating margarine made from hydrogenated oil.
And for most consumers that is their experience with Canola. And so it is only a cynical manipulation to promote the nutritional value of Canola, when the nutrients don't make it to the table. This manipulation -and the manipulation of seeds, of processes and commodities markets - is only possible because most of our population is no longer involved in food production. That's not healthy.
Toby Maloney is an environmental activist living Boissevain, in the southwestern Manitoba grain belt. This article first appeared in City Magazine. - NL -


Return to Top - Subject Index - Main Index
THE CANOLA OIL HOAX
By Carol Clark Keppler, B.S., M.A.
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 1998 13:56:39 -0400
Hoax? An intentional deception? About a cooking Oil? So who cares anyway?
The truth is -- we don't know the truth, or we'd be more than a little concerned. It looks like the American public has been sold a bill of goods -- again. We believed the immunization hype about flu shots for adults, and that the AIDS epidemic was caused by "green monkeys", didn't we?
Here's the latest one -- Canola oil for health conscious Americans! An overnight, instant top seller, Canola oil is on the tip of everyone's tongue -- not to mention in their blood and throughout their bodies.
Big displays in every health food store, touted in ads for healthy french fries by a local burger place, Canola oil is advertised by a local supermarket as being in all their baked goods. Used in salad dressings, in mayonnaise, cereals, cookies and in thousands of foods -- Canola is there with government approval.
WHERE DID IT COME FROM?
How much do we know about it? Here are some facts:
1) Used as a lubricant, fuel, soap and synthetic rubber base as well as an illuminant for slick color pages in magazines.
2) It forms latex-like substances that cause red blood corpuscles to clump together.
3) It's real name is RAPESEED OIL, renamed, CANOLA OIL, (Canada Oil) for obvious reasons. It's one of the main crops grown in Canada where it is being field tested. It's grown in the United States as well.
4) Rape Oil was widely used in animal feeds in England and Europe between 1986-1991 but no longer is used because of the animals that went blind and mad ('MAD COW DISEASE').
5) Experts agree that the effects of ingested Rapeseed Oil take at least 10 years to manifest - so not to be concerned.
6) Rapeseed is a member of the mustard family, one of the most toxic of all plants, and is shunned by insects.
7) Mustard gas, which was banned in war because it blisters lungs and skin, is made from rapeseeds.
8) Irradiation (!) is used to turn the rapeseed oil into acceptable Canola Oil??
What are the effects of Canola oil in our diet over a period of time? I think we're just beginning to see them, but, as yet, no one has put it all together. Symptoms usually come on so slowly one might not be aware that there is a problem.
Strange new diseases involving the nervous system may be caused by Canola oil which dissolves the myelin sheath off of the nerves throughout the body. As a matter of fact, the heating of most oils during the cooking process does the same thing. Very gradually over the years, symptoms develop, which at first are perhaps only annoying, but which eventually will be diagnosed as a disease.
Robert came to the Center with unexplained exhaustion and numbness and tingling in his extremities. Mary's husband was concerned because, he said, she was hyper-sensitive. A 2 year-old child cried all the time and was considered a "difficult child". Ray was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis. June had heart arrhythmia's and a hearing problem All these symptoms were linked to loss of myelin sheath. Most of these people knew they had used Canola oil over the years.
MILES OF NERVES
The nervous system, once the insulation is stripped, can be likened to you home with bare wires inside the walls --a dangerous situation. In the body, symptoms may be many and varied:
1) tremors, shaking, "palsy" due to malfunction of nerve impulse transmissions,
2) uncoordination walking, writing and other automatic physical movements,
3) slurred speech,
4) excessive salivation,
5) deterioration of memory and thinking processes,
6) blurred vision,
7) fuzzy or low audio levels,
8) difficulty urinating/incontinence,
9) environmental sensitivity/allergic to smells, food, clothing, electrical equipment,
10) breathing problems/short of breath,
11) nervous/nervous breakdown,
12) numbness and tingling in extremities,
13) heart problems/arrhythmia's.

Little wonder. Canola oil contains erucic acid in the oil and glucosinolates in the meal, both toxic to humans and animals.
WHAT CAN YOU DO?
Do not use Canola Oil. Read labels. If you eat out often, choose restaurants that don't use Canola (ask!).
For cooking use Walnut Oil, Almond Oil, or Butter (clarified butter, called ghee, came from India and never goes rancid. It can be found in some health food stores -- or make it yourself by skimming foam).
Good oils (other than for cooking/baking) are Safflower, Sunflower, Soy, Sesame, Flax Seed and Olive (never goes rancid). Buy in glass containers -- never pliable plastic which leaches the solvent toluene in the contents.
Peanut oil is not good for eating ( and peanut butter is indigestible, becoming rancid in the system!).
Make your concerns known to burger places, restaurants, bakeries, supermarkets and with letters to newspapers. Write to talk shows like "20/20"* and "60 Minutes"*. Send this article and ask them to investigate.
Demand full disclosure labeling and knowledge of testing procedures. Request that notices be put up.
The body may be detoxified after the colon is cleansed and functioning. Thereafter, specific herbal formulas are used to rebuild the myelin sheath. This process may take anywhere from 2 to 4 weeks.
According to Dr. Mary G. Enig, F.A.C.N., Nutritional Sciences Division of Enig Associates, inc. in Silver Spring, Maryland
"Enclosed is one of the latest items of information on canola oil. According to this research done by Canadian government researchers, consuming canola oil increases the requirement for Vitamin E. This is not desirable for a food purporting to be healthy for the whole foods market.

Return to Top - Subject Index - Main Index
CANOLA OILDeadly for the Human Body!
Beware of Canola Oil, it is an Industrial Oil, not fit For human consumption.
(Thank goodness for alternative medicine sites getting out the true facts, but of course, they are not funded by industry.)
S U M M A R Y
Before you read the following article, here is a summary of a few facts regarding Canola Oil:
It is genetically engineered Rapeseed. Canada paid the FDA the sum of $50 million to have rape registered and recognized as "safe". (Source: Young Again and others) Rapeseed is a lubricating oil used by small industry. It has never been meant for human consumption. It is derived from the mustard family and is considered a toxic and poisonous weed, which when processed, becomes rancid very quickly. It has been shown to cause lung cancer (Wall Street Journal: 6/7/95) It is very inexpensive to grow and harvest. Insects won't eat it. Some typical and possible side effects include loss of vision, disruption of the central nervous system, respiratory illness, anemia, constipation, increased incidence of heart disease and cancer, low birth weights in infants and irritability. Generally Rapeseed has a cumulative effect, taking almost 10 years before symptoms begin to manifest. It has a tendency to inhibit proper metabolism of foods and prohibits normal enzyme function. Canola is a Trans Fatty Acid, which has shown to have a direct link to cancer. These Trans Fatty acids are labeled as hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils. Avoid all of them! According to John Thomas' book, Young Again, 12 years ago in England and Europe, rape seed was fed to cows, pigs and sheep who later went blind and began attacking people. There were no further attacks after the rape seed was eliminated from the diet.
Source: David Dancu, N.D.
By Jim Lynn, Essential Oils
It's amazing to me...The more research I do, the more I see a relationship between the food we eat and fatal diseases. Canola oil is no exception. Readers of EOO are familiar with the meat industry practice of feeding rendered meat "by-products" to cattle and poultry (EOO #015), and the suspected relationship of Mad Cow Disease to CJD and Alzheimer's Disease (EOO #016). Now comes information that Canola Oil is the suspected causative agent for Scrapie, a viral disease transmitted to cattle who were fed rendered sheep infected with Scrapie. Both Scrapie and Mad Cow Disease destroy the brain's ability to function. They literally eat the brain away, causing blindness, loss of mind and erratic behavior.
Canola oil's real name is "LEAR" oil (Low Erucic Acid Rape). it is more commonly known as "rape oil," a semi-drying oil that is used as a lubricant, fuel, soap and synthetic rubber base, and as an illuminant to give color pages in magazines their slick look. In short it is an industrial oil that does not belong in the human body. It is typically referred to in light industry as a penetrating oil.
Back in the 1980's, rape oil was widely used in animal feeds in England and throughout Europe. It was banned in 1991. Since then, Scrapie in sheep has totally disappeared.
While that's good for Europeans, it is bad for Americans because the problem is now ours. Rape seed oil (Canola oil) is widely used in thousands of processed foods...with the blessings of our own government.
Canola oil was first developed in Canada. It's proponents claim that due to genetic engineering and irradiation, it is no longer rape oil, but "Canola" (Canadian oil). They also claim it is completely safe, pointing to it's unsaturated structure and digestibility. Although, I could not verify it, it is claimed the Canadian government paid the FDA the sum of $50 million dollars to have Canola oil placed on the GRAS list (Generally Recognized As Safe). However it was done, a new industry was created.
The truth is however, that rape is the most toxic of all food oil plants. Not even insects will eat it. No wonder farmers like growing it. It turns out that rape is a member of the mustard family of plants, and is the source for the chemical agent, mustard gas, which causes blistering on skin and lungs when inhaled. Mustard Gas was banned after WWI for this very reason.
Studies of Canola oil done on rats indicate many problems. Rats developed fatty degeneration of heart, kidney, adrenals and thyroid gland. When the Canola oil was withdrawn from their diet, the deposits dissolved, but scar tissue remained on the organs. Why were no studies done on humans before the FDA placed it on the GRAS list?
Consumed in food, Canola oil depresses the immune system, causing it to "go to sleep." Canola oil is high in glycosides which cause health problems by blocking (inhibiting) enzyme function. it's effects are accumulative, taking years to show up. One possible effect of long term use is the destruction of the protective coating surrounding nerves called the myelin sheath. When this protective sheath is gone, our nerves short-circuit causing erratic, uncontrollable movements.
To test the industrial penetrating strength of Canola oil, soak a towel in both Canola oil and regular vegetable oil. Pre-treat and wash the towel in your clothes washer and compare the area the two oils occupied...you will notice an oil stain remains on the area soaked in Canola oil. It is so durable, it could take several washings to completely remove. Now if this is how Canola oil penetrates the fabric of a towel, what damage can it do in your body?
Because Canola oil is so cheap, it is now widely used in the food industry. If you are curious, just read a few food labels the next time you are in the grocery store. A good example can be found with commercially prepared peanut butter. In order to give peanut butter it's spreadability, Jiffy, Peter Pan and Skippy brands remove ALL of the natural peanut oil and replace it with Canola oil. Natural peanut butter should only have peanuts and salt listed in the ingredients.
If you want to use natural peanut butter, it's available in most stores next to the Canola peanut butter. Stir the contents to mix the oil and peanuts together then store in the refrigerator. The cold temperature will prevent the peanut oil from separating. Best of all, you will have eliminated at least one source of a potential food hazard.
Food consumers have headaches enough, without worrying about a toxic plant oil being added to their food. The problem is you will find Canola oil in bread, margarines, and all manner of processed foods including potato chips. But the consumer is king. Be informed and make it a practice to read the package ingredients label as to what is in the food.
Avoid using Canola as a cooking oil and salad oil. It is not a healthy oil. Safflower, Sunflower and Coconut oils are much better.
Resources:
Perceptions, Aug/Sep 96 issue,
The Great Canola Debate Perceptions, Nov/Dec 95 issue,
The Devil's Bargain Book,
Fats That Heal and Fats That Kill, by Udo Erasmus

© 1998 Leeuwen-Smith Associates LLC
Distributed by Mission Possible Canada
308-40 Bay Mills Blvd - Toronto - ON - Canada -MIT3P5
Tel: 416-754-1177 - E-mail: admin@aspartame.ca - Web site: www.aspartame.ca
LET'S BURY MONSANTO, NOT OUR RELATIVES, FRIENDS AND NEIGHBOURS MURDERED & EXTERMINATED BY MONSANTO POISONS & THE FDA.
Return to Top - Subject Index - Main Index
 
GM作物及产品历来是热争话题。反转基因人士往往以耸人听闻的方式向大众宣传,其实常常与事实相去甚远。
 
实际上,就是油菜(Rape)籽榨的油,或简称油菜油、或菜油。
英语叫:RapeSeed Oil、或Rape Oil。

由于油菜的英语(Rape)也有“强奸、奸淫”的意思,所以加拿大给它另起了一个名字,叫“Canola”。

油菜油,是非常好的食用油之一。

这篇文章的作者,不是无知,就是另有它意(用中国外交部常用的话,叫做“别有用心”)。


(顺便说一下,老华侨已经订了机票,准备春季回故乡一趟,看那满山遍野的油菜花去。趁现在还走得动 ;)

老华侨,能告诉大家你是否用这个油么?:D

旅途愉快!
 
高温会咋样?

知道你不想见村长。唉,还是说一句吧。你用那油加温60度C以上有毒。那油是做凉菜用地。:eek::eek:
 
知道你不想见村长。唉,还是说一句吧。你用那油加温60度C以上有毒。那油是做凉菜用地。:eek::eek:

c美男村长? c美女村长? 我想見你得要命呵!:p:p:p:D:D:D
 
GM作物及产品历来是热争话题。反转基因人士往往以耸人听闻的方式向大众宣传,其实常常与事实相去甚远。

是的。要是把话题“转”到转基因上去,这就打开了一扇争议的闸门。
 
老华侨,能告诉大家你是否用这个油么?:D

旅途愉快!

还早呢。不过先谢了。

至于是否用这个油,这好象不成问题。除非您的问题有陷阱:confused:
确切地回答,是搀和着吃。这次买桶这种油,下次就买桶那种油。我认为这样比较合理。再好的东西,如果长期吃,也会中毒的。
就像用牙膏一样,你最好不要永远只用一种牙膏,否则可能会有轻度中毒的。
 
好大一个坑啊,我跳!
 
还早呢。不过先谢了。

至于是否用这个油,这好象不成问题。除非您的问题有陷阱:confused:
确切地回答,是搀和着吃。这次买桶这种油,下次就买桶那种油。我认为这样比较合理。再好的东西,如果长期吃,也会中毒的。
就像用牙膏一样,你最好不要永远只用一种牙膏,否则可能会有轻度中毒的。

嗯,是这个理儿。:cool:
 
俺跳一把,猪油。:D:D:p:blowzy:
 
c美男村长? c美女村长? 我想見你得要命呵!:p:p:p:D:D:D

聪明人阿,俺藏的字被看出来了。:(

你还是先见见那个c多的老三吧。:p
 
后退
顶部