对于楼上Gould认为宏进化必然存在的三个理由:
1、果蝇 fruit flies和British moth是进化论者常常引用的例子,但是就算科学盲如阿Q,也不难看出这与宏进化无甚关系。这也是科学教为进化论变化的第三个标准程序:混淆进化论、微进化与宏进化的区别,包括拿微进化作为宏进化的证据,将对宏进化(更确切的讲,是对共同起源的质疑)引申到对包括微进化,或者更广的整个进化论的质疑
2、
现实中,地球的生物是这么不完美,所以一定不是神创造的。万能的神为什么会创造一个没用的育幼袋给袋鼠,等等? 显然这个观点看起来不是很“科学”吧?但却是哈佛教授Gould正式的观点,而且“They rest upon inference, but are no less secure for that reason”。窃以为没什么好争论的
3.1、进化的中间化石证明进化存在。关于中间化石,Gould在不同场合下有多种表达,前面列举的对传统化石记录质疑的很多观点就是出自Gould的,再参见这个链接中更多的表述:
http://www.discovery.org/a/7271
“[t]he absence of fossil evidence for intermediary stages between major transitions in organic design, indeed our inability, even in our imagination, to construct functional intermediates in many cases, has been a persistent and nagging problem for gradualistic accounts of evolution.”
"persists as the favored escape of most paleontologists from the embarrassment of a record that seems to show so little of evolution directly."
“it is infuriating to be quoted again and again by creationists--whether through design or stupidity, I do not know--as admitting that the fossil record includes no transitional forms. Transitional forms are generally lacking at the species level, but they are abundant between larger groups.”
“transitions between major groups are characteristically abrupt.”
3.2 相邻进化物种的相似性。这里仅取
Douglas J. Futuyma,另一个进化论科学家对此问题的部分看法:
“The gradual transition from therapsid reptiles to mammals is so abundantly documented by scores of species in every stage of transition that it is impossible to tell which therapsid species were the actual ancestors of modern mammals.”
这里在用简单的逻辑质疑为什么骨骼的相似性能称为宏进化的证据?--- 说明,这个链接来自一个创造论者写的《Darwin On Trial》一书,他引用上面进化论科学家Futuyma的观点在质疑Gould
这篇文章写于1981,不明白他为什么没有将DNA作为“共同起源”必然存在的原因。事实上,俺认为俺对3.2的质疑是否成立并不重要,基于人类对生命科学的了解程度、共同起源、宏进化这么多不解之谜,这三点足以可以被Gould认为“地球上所有的生物,包括人都来自于极远的史前海洋中的某一个(些?)单细胞生物”必然成立的理由?