How many casualties did PVA suffer?
Western sources gave assertions such as "it seems reasonable to assume that China cannot have lost less than half a million men" , "China suffered at least 900,000 casualties", etc. However, such numbers were based on arbitrary estimates which were greatly inflated.
For example, US estimated that in the battle of Chosin reservoir, the Marines air power killed 10,000 Chinese and wounded 5,000, the numbers were artificially high and no evidence could be found to back up these claims. From western combat histories, PVA always cease the fighting at dawn and went to cover, and their white clothing made it very hard to detect even by the Marines at close distance let alone by aircrafts. US estimated that the Marines killed a total of 25,000 PVA troops and wounded 12,500 in the Chosin battle, one has to wonder that if the Marines alone could kill 20% and wound 10% of the entire PVA 9th Army Group, why did the X Corps have to abandon Task Force MacLean and put itself in such a vulnerable situation at the Hungnam beachhead, and then bug out North Korea. For another example, 2d division historian wrote that 2d division alone had "killed more than 65,000 enemy soldiers", this was based on figures from dividual regiments, such as 9th Infantry, which claimed "total enemy casualties to be 16505, of which 2200 were counted". In the "Wonju shoot" of February 14 1951, 2d division claimed killing 5000 PVA troops with artillery alone, and wounded 3 times more. For another example, Van Fleet claimed that UN had inflicted a communist casualty of 234,000 from August to October 1951 during which truce talks were in recess, such an estimate is considered "far too high" by western historians. There are a lot of such cases, when a western historian quoted communist casualty numbers, he had to qualify it with words such as "arbitrary", "far too high", etc.
From the overly inflated numbers, it seems that US generals are not accountable for their battle results, while in PLA, it is a serious misconduct to report false casualty numbers of either side, since such false reports would result in wrong calculations by the nation's leaders. On the US side, American statisticians calculated that in the 8 months ending June 25 1951, PVA suffered a casualty of 600,000 (which would imply that every PVA soldier entered Korea became a casualty), and UN suffered 290,000 (among which 78,800 were American), such gross miscalculations by Washington led to the illusion that US was winning and prolonged the war.
It is understandable that US could not get a accurate estimate of the communist casualties, UN forces were on the run for escape most of the time, they could not have the chance to count their kills.
From official Chinese sources, PVA casualty during the Korean war was 390,000. It breaks down as follows:
KIA: 110,400
DIED OF WOUNDS: 21,600
DIED OF SICKNESS: 13,000
CAPTURED & MISSING: 25,600
WOUNDED: 260,000
. How many casualties UN suffered?
From reports published by PVA on August 15 1953, UN suffered a total casualty of 1,093,839, in which 397,543 were Americans, 667293 were ROKs, and 29,003 were others.
PVA's portion of the score was: kill and wound, 671,954; capture, 46088; pursuaded surrender, 435; total 718,477, in which 290,000 were Americans. PV destroyed or damaged 2,006 enemy tanks, 3,165 vehicles, 44 amored vehicles, 10,629 aircrafts, 583 artellery pieces; captured 245 tanks, 5,256 trucks, 51 amored vehicles, 11 aircrafts, 4037 artellery pieces, 73,263 small arms.
From western sources, UN combat casualty totalled 1 million. It breaks as follows: US 144,173, ROK 844,000 (415,000 killed, 429,000 wounded), Commonwealth 6000, others 8,800 (Hastings). US suffered another 20,000 or so fatality. From military history authored by ROK Defense Department, ROK total casualty was actually 984,400.
Detailed US casualty was: KIA 33,629, accidental death 20,600£¬wounded 103,248, captured and repatriated 3,746, MIA 8,142.
Casualties of other UN forces are listed here.
The total count from both sources matched very well, some historians acknowledged that PLA was very honest in their statistics. However, PVA counted 220,000 more US casualties, and about 200,000 less ROK. This discrepancy was partly due to the fact that many ROKs were serving as attachments to US armies and they were counted as US force by PVA.
Why did ROK suffer such a greater casualty? One of the reasons was that they were placed on the first line of defense in a lot of the cases, and they suffered the initial blows by PVA. Moreover, ROK had different fighting style: from PVA battle accounts, American usually withdraw all the way down to the foot of the hills after suffering a failed attack, but ROK only retreated to out of fire range to regroup and attack again immediately, which caused great difficulty for PVA, and of course greater casualty on ROK. However, western historians seldom mention ROK's positive contribution to the UN side.
目前权威的统计数目。(西人的数字)
<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<FONT SIZE="4">Country</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<FONT SIZE="4">KIA+</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<FONT SIZE="4">Wounded</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<FONT SIZE="4">MIA</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<FONT SIZE="4">Captured</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<FONT SIZE="4">Total</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%">
<FONT SIZE="4">Comments</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">S Korea</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">227,800</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">717,100</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">43,500</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">?</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">984,400</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%">Captured included in MIA?</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">US</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">54,229</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">103,248</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">8,142</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">3,746</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">169,365</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%">KIA included the 20,600 accidental fatality</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">UK</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">710</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">2,278</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">1,263</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">766</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">5,017</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">Turkey</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">717</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">2,246</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">167</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">217</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">3,349</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">Australia</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">291</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">1,240</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">39</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">21</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">1,591</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">Canada</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">309</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">1,055</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">30</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">2</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">1,396</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">France</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">288</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">818</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">18</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">11</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">1,135</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">Thailand</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">114</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">794</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">5</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">0</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">913</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">Greece</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">169</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">543</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">2</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">1</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">715</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">Holland</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">111</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">589</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">4</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">0</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">704</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">Columbia</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">140</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">452</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">65</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">29</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">686</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">Ethiopia</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">120</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">536</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">656</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">Philippines</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">92</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">299</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">57</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">40</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">488</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">Belgium/Luxe</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">97</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">350</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">5</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">1</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">453</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">New Zealand</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">34</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">80</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">1</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">115</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">South Africa</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">20</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">16</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">6</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">42</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">Japan</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">several</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">1</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">PRC</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">132,000</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">238,400</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">8,000</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">21,400</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">392,600</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">NK</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">War cost</H1>
<TABLE BORDER="1" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="25%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="25%">
Total weight of material
(in million tons)</TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%">
Ammunition
(in million tons)</TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%">
Cost (in billion USD)</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="25%">US</TD>
<TD WIDTH="25%">75</TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%">3.3</TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%">20</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="25%">PRC</TD>
<TD WIDTH="25%">5.6</TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%">0.25</TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%">2.5</TD>
<TD WIDTH="19%"></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
