The deals will unlock nearly $3 billion in export orders for Canadian farmers, fish harvesters and processors, Carney said.
In a joint statement announced by China's state-run Xinhua news agency, the two countries pledged to restart high-level economic and financial dialogue, boost two-way trade and investment, and strengthen cooperation in agriculture, oil, gas and green energy.
Carney said Canada will double its energy grid over the next 15 years, adding that there are opportunities for Chinese partnership in investments including offshore wind.
He also said Canada was scaling up its LNG exports to Asia and will produce 50 million tonnes of LNG each year - all destined for Asian markets by 2030.
CHINA 'MORE PREDICTABLE'
"Given current complexities in Canada's trade relationship with the U.S., it's no surprise that Carney's government is keen to improve the bilateral trade and investment relationship with Beijing, which represents a massive market for Canadian farmers," said Beijing-based Trivium China's Even Rogers Pay.
"Meanwhile, it's difficult for Washington to criticise Carney for striking a beneficial trade deal when Trump himself just did so in October."
U.S. President Donald Trump has also imposed tariffs on some Canadian goods and suggested the longtime U.S. ally could become his country's 51st state.
China, similarly hit by Trump's tariffs, is also keen to cooperate with a Group of Seven nation in a traditional sphere of U.S. influence.
"In terms of the way our relationship has progressed in recent months with China, it is more predictable, and you see results coming from that," Carney said when asked if China was a more predictable and reliable partner than the U.S.
Carney also said he had discussions with Xi about Greenland. "I found much alignment of views in that regard," he said.
Trump has in recent days revived his claim to the semi-autonomous Danish territory as NATO members scrambled to counter U.S. criticism that Greenland is under-protected.
SINO-U.S. RIVALRY
Analysts say the rapprochement could reshape the political and economic context in which Sino-U.S. rivalry unfolds, although Ottawa is not expected to dramatically pivot away from Washington.
"Canada is a core U.S. ally and deeply embedded in American security and intelligence frameworks," said Sun Chenghao, a fellow at Tsinghua University's Centre for International Security and Strategy.
"It is therefore very unlikely to realign strategically away from Washington."
But if Ottawa took a more pragmatic and autonomous economic policy toward China, Beijing could point to it as evidence that U.S.-led decoupling was neither inevitable nor universally accepted among America’s closest partners, he added.
Reporting by Maria Cheng; Additional reporting by Joe Cash, Ethan Wang, Ella Cao, Xiuhao Chen, Shi Bu, Yukun Zhang and Liz Lee in Beijing; Writing by Ryan Woo; Editing by Himani Sarkar, Clarence Fernandez and Hugh Lawson